Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Tshililo Mashamba; Akpan Eyo; Sikhonjiwe Masilela; Anele Busakwe; Olakunle Towobola

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Tshililo Mashamba, Akpan Eyo, Sikhonjiwe Masilela, Anele Busakwe, Olakunle Towobola

Published in Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 10 January 2022 Accepted: 28 February 2022 Published: 9 March 2022

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Abstract

In South Africa, midwives in primary healthcare setting are first responders to majority of the expectant mothers in the community. These pregnant mothers should benefit from at least one ultrasound in their pregnancy according to the WHO recommendation. However, these midwifes are not equipped to provide such limited obstetrics ultrasound services essential to accurately date the pregnancy, identify normal pregnancy and refer unsuspecting mothers in a timely manner following abnormality detected on ultrasound. The Advanced Midwifes could accurately diagnose morbidity related complications (for which ultrasound is perceived as the gold standard), they were trained to identify - placenta previa, breech presentation, intrauterine foetal demise and miscarriages, abnormal amniotic fluid levels, cervical incompetence, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and selected gross foetal anomalies. The Advanced Midwifes were accurately able to date the pregnancy on women who access the service did not know their last menstrual period (LMP) and on those who could recall their LMP had a significant disparity between gestational age by LMP and by composite ultrasound age (CUA). Limited obstetric ultrasound gestational age determination by advanced midwives was useful in not only assessing gestational age but also in identifying abnormalities associated with the pregnancies.

Published in	Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
Page(s)	52-59
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ultrasound, Advance Midwives, Primary Healthcare, Gestational Age, Limited Obstetrics

References

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APA Style

Tshililo Mashamba, Akpan Eyo, Sikhonjiwe Masilela, Anele Busakwe, Olakunle Towobola. (2022). Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 10(2), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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ACS Style

Tshililo Mashamba; Akpan Eyo; Sikhonjiwe Masilela; Anele Busakwe; Olakunle Towobola. Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, 10(2), 52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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AMA Style

Tshililo Mashamba, Akpan Eyo, Sikhonjiwe Masilela, Anele Busakwe, Olakunle Towobola. Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J Gynecol Obstet. 2022;10(2):52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11,
  author = {Tshililo Mashamba and Akpan Eyo and Sikhonjiwe Masilela and Anele Busakwe and Olakunle Towobola},
  title = {Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {52-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20221002.11},
  abstract = {In South Africa, midwives in primary healthcare setting are first responders to majority of the expectant mothers in the community. These pregnant mothers should benefit from at least one ultrasound in their pregnancy according to the WHO recommendation. However, these midwifes are not equipped to provide such limited obstetrics ultrasound services essential to accurately date the pregnancy, identify normal pregnancy and refer unsuspecting mothers in a timely manner following abnormality detected on ultrasound. The Advanced Midwifes could accurately diagnose morbidity related complications (for which ultrasound is perceived as the gold standard), they were trained to identify - placenta previa, breech presentation, intrauterine foetal demise and miscarriages, abnormal amniotic fluid levels, cervical incompetence, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and selected gross foetal anomalies. The Advanced Midwifes were accurately able to date the pregnancy on women who access the service did not know their last menstrual period (LMP) and on those who could recall their LMP had a significant disparity between gestational age by LMP and by composite ultrasound age (CUA). Limited obstetric ultrasound gestational age determination by advanced midwives was useful in not only assessing gestational age but also in identifying abnormalities associated with the pregnancies.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa
AU  - Tshililo Mashamba
AU  - Akpan Eyo
AU  - Sikhonjiwe Masilela
AU  - Anele Busakwe
AU  - Olakunle Towobola
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 52
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
AB  - In South Africa, midwives in primary healthcare setting are first responders to majority of the expectant mothers in the community. These pregnant mothers should benefit from at least one ultrasound in their pregnancy according to the WHO recommendation. However, these midwifes are not equipped to provide such limited obstetrics ultrasound services essential to accurately date the pregnancy, identify normal pregnancy and refer unsuspecting mothers in a timely manner following abnormality detected on ultrasound. The Advanced Midwifes could accurately diagnose morbidity related complications (for which ultrasound is perceived as the gold standard), they were trained to identify - placenta previa, breech presentation, intrauterine foetal demise and miscarriages, abnormal amniotic fluid levels, cervical incompetence, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and selected gross foetal anomalies. The Advanced Midwifes were accurately able to date the pregnancy on women who access the service did not know their last menstrual period (LMP) and on those who could recall their LMP had a significant disparity between gestational age by LMP and by composite ultrasound age (CUA). Limited obstetric ultrasound gestational age determination by advanced midwives was useful in not only assessing gestational age but also in identifying abnormalities associated with the pregnancies.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Tshililo Mashamba

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sefako Makgatho University Pretoria, South Africa
Akpan Eyo

Primary and Referral Care Africa, General Electric International Operation Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria
Sikhonjiwe Masilela

Maternal Neonatal Child Adolescent Youth Women’s Health Integrated School Health Programme and Nutrition, Gauteng, South Africa
Anele Busakwe

Prestige Health Technologies (PTY) Ltd, Johannesburg, South Africa
Olakunle Towobola

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sefako Makgatho University Pretoria, South Africa

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APA Style

Tshililo Mashamba, Akpan Eyo, Sikhonjiwe Masilela, Anele Busakwe, Olakunle Towobola. (2022). Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 10(2), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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ACS Style

Tshililo Mashamba; Akpan Eyo; Sikhonjiwe Masilela; Anele Busakwe; Olakunle Towobola. Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J. Gynecol. Obstet. 2022, 10(2), 52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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AMA Style

Tshililo Mashamba, Akpan Eyo, Sikhonjiwe Masilela, Anele Busakwe, Olakunle Towobola. Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa. J Gynecol Obstet. 2022;10(2):52-59. doi: 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11,
  author = {Tshililo Mashamba and Akpan Eyo and Sikhonjiwe Masilela and Anele Busakwe and Olakunle Towobola},
  title = {Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa},
  journal = {Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {52-59},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jgo.20221002.11},
  abstract = {In South Africa, midwives in primary healthcare setting are first responders to majority of the expectant mothers in the community. These pregnant mothers should benefit from at least one ultrasound in their pregnancy according to the WHO recommendation. However, these midwifes are not equipped to provide such limited obstetrics ultrasound services essential to accurately date the pregnancy, identify normal pregnancy and refer unsuspecting mothers in a timely manner following abnormality detected on ultrasound. The Advanced Midwifes could accurately diagnose morbidity related complications (for which ultrasound is perceived as the gold standard), they were trained to identify - placenta previa, breech presentation, intrauterine foetal demise and miscarriages, abnormal amniotic fluid levels, cervical incompetence, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and selected gross foetal anomalies. The Advanced Midwifes were accurately able to date the pregnancy on women who access the service did not know their last menstrual period (LMP) and on those who could recall their LMP had a significant disparity between gestational age by LMP and by composite ultrasound age (CUA). Limited obstetric ultrasound gestational age determination by advanced midwives was useful in not only assessing gestational age but also in identifying abnormalities associated with the pregnancies.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Limited Obstetrics Ultrasound in Primary Healthcare Delivery; Outputs for Strategic Considerations: A Review of Pilot Study in Gauteng Province, South Africa
AU  - Tshililo Mashamba
AU  - Akpan Eyo
AU  - Sikhonjiwe Masilela
AU  - Anele Busakwe
AU  - Olakunle Towobola
Y1  - 2022/03/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
T2  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JF  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
JO  - Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
SP  - 52
EP  - 59
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7820
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jgo.20221002.11
AB  - In South Africa, midwives in primary healthcare setting are first responders to majority of the expectant mothers in the community. These pregnant mothers should benefit from at least one ultrasound in their pregnancy according to the WHO recommendation. However, these midwifes are not equipped to provide such limited obstetrics ultrasound services essential to accurately date the pregnancy, identify normal pregnancy and refer unsuspecting mothers in a timely manner following abnormality detected on ultrasound. The Advanced Midwifes could accurately diagnose morbidity related complications (for which ultrasound is perceived as the gold standard), they were trained to identify - placenta previa, breech presentation, intrauterine foetal demise and miscarriages, abnormal amniotic fluid levels, cervical incompetence, ectopic pregnancy, abnormal foetal growth and selected gross foetal anomalies. The Advanced Midwifes were accurately able to date the pregnancy on women who access the service did not know their last menstrual period (LMP) and on those who could recall their LMP had a significant disparity between gestational age by LMP and by composite ultrasound age (CUA). Limited obstetric ultrasound gestational age determination by advanced midwives was useful in not only assessing gestational age but also in identifying abnormalities associated with the pregnancies.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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