Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt

Nora Nabil Hussien; Aya Ahmed El Masry; Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun; Eman Roshdy Alsafi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt

Nora Nabil Hussien, Aya Ahmed El Masry, Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun, Eman Roshdy Alsafi

Published in Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 29 October 2019 Accepted: 19 November 2019 Published: 25 November 2019

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Abstract

Nausea and vomiting are common experiences in pregnancy and it is considered as a part of normal physiology. It affects about 75% of pregnant women without a known cause. In most cases, it is a mild and self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal outcomes. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); an entity distinct from NVP, which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of anxiety in pregnant women with and without HG. The study is a case-control study on 52 pregnant women divided into two groups: cases hospitalized with the diagnosis of HG and healthy pregnant women as a control group. All mothers in the study were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). It was revealed that most of hyperemesis gravidarum cases suffered from severe anxiety while only (7.7%) of healthy control had severe anxiety, with high statistical significant difference. The mean of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. Regarding General Health Questionnaire - 28 subscales; the mean score of somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. It was concluded that anxiety and emotional distress were more common and severe in patients with HG.

Published in	Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
Page(s)	59-63
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hyperemesis Gravidarum‚ Anxiety, Emotional Distress

References

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[8]	Kjeldgaard H, Eberhard-Gran M, Benth J and Vikanes A. Hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of emotional distress during and after pregnancy. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2017; 20 (6): 747–756. doi: 10.1007/s00737-017-0770-5.
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[11]	Kender E, Yukse G, Ger C and Ozer U. Eating attitudes, depression and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2015; 28 (119-126). doi: 10.5350/DAJPN2015280204.
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[19]	Kender E, Yuksel G, Ger C and Ozer U. Eating attitudes, depression and anxiety levels of patients with hyperemesis gravidarum hospitalized in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic. The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences.2015; 28 (2): (119–126). doi: 10.5350/DAJPN2015280204.
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APA Style

Nora Nabil Hussien, Aya Ahmed El Masry, Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun, Eman Roshdy Alsafi. (2019). Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 5(4), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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ACS Style

Nora Nabil Hussien; Aya Ahmed El Masry; Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun; Eman Roshdy Alsafi. Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2019, 5(4), 59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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AMA Style

Nora Nabil Hussien, Aya Ahmed El Masry, Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun, Eman Roshdy Alsafi. Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. J Fam Med Health Care. 2019;5(4):59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14,
  author = {Nora Nabil Hussien and Aya Ahmed El Masry and Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun and Eman Roshdy Alsafi},
  title = {Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt},
  journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {59-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  abstract = {Nausea and vomiting are common experiences in pregnancy and it is considered as a part of normal physiology. It affects about 75% of pregnant women without a known cause. In most cases, it is a mild and self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal outcomes. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); an entity distinct from NVP, which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of anxiety in pregnant women with and without HG. The study is a case-control study on 52 pregnant women divided into two groups: cases hospitalized with the diagnosis of HG and healthy pregnant women as a control group. All mothers in the study were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). It was revealed that most of hyperemesis gravidarum cases suffered from severe anxiety while only (7.7%) of healthy control had severe anxiety, with high statistical significant difference. The mean of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. Regarding General Health Questionnaire - 28 subscales; the mean score of somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. It was concluded that anxiety and emotional distress were more common and severe in patients with HG.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
AU  - Nora Nabil Hussien
AU  - Aya Ahmed El Masry
AU  - Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun
AU  - Eman Roshdy Alsafi
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8342
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
AB  - Nausea and vomiting are common experiences in pregnancy and it is considered as a part of normal physiology. It affects about 75% of pregnant women without a known cause. In most cases, it is a mild and self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal outcomes. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); an entity distinct from NVP, which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of anxiety in pregnant women with and without HG. The study is a case-control study on 52 pregnant women divided into two groups: cases hospitalized with the diagnosis of HG and healthy pregnant women as a control group. All mothers in the study were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). It was revealed that most of hyperemesis gravidarum cases suffered from severe anxiety while only (7.7%) of healthy control had severe anxiety, with high statistical significant difference. The mean of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. Regarding General Health Questionnaire - 28 subscales; the mean score of somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. It was concluded that anxiety and emotional distress were more common and severe in patients with HG.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Nora Nabil Hussien

Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Aya Ahmed El Masry

Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Eman Roshdy Alsafi

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine-Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

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APA Style

Nora Nabil Hussien, Aya Ahmed El Masry, Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun, Eman Roshdy Alsafi. (2019). Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care, 5(4), 59-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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ACS Style

Nora Nabil Hussien; Aya Ahmed El Masry; Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun; Eman Roshdy Alsafi. Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. J. Fam. Med. Health Care 2019, 5(4), 59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

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AMA Style

Nora Nabil Hussien, Aya Ahmed El Masry, Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun, Eman Roshdy Alsafi. Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt. J Fam Med Health Care. 2019;5(4):59-63. doi: 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14,
  author = {Nora Nabil Hussien and Aya Ahmed El Masry and Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun and Eman Roshdy Alsafi},
  title = {Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt},
  journal = {Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {59-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jfmhc.20190504.14},
  abstract = {Nausea and vomiting are common experiences in pregnancy and it is considered as a part of normal physiology. It affects about 75% of pregnant women without a known cause. In most cases, it is a mild and self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal outcomes. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); an entity distinct from NVP, which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of anxiety in pregnant women with and without HG. The study is a case-control study on 52 pregnant women divided into two groups: cases hospitalized with the diagnosis of HG and healthy pregnant women as a control group. All mothers in the study were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). It was revealed that most of hyperemesis gravidarum cases suffered from severe anxiety while only (7.7%) of healthy control had severe anxiety, with high statistical significant difference. The mean of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. Regarding General Health Questionnaire - 28 subscales; the mean score of somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. It was concluded that anxiety and emotional distress were more common and severe in patients with HG.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Anxiety and Emotional Distress in Hyperemesis Gravidarum Patients (A Case-Control Study) in Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt
AU  - Nora Nabil Hussien
AU  - Aya Ahmed El Masry
AU  - Moustafa Mohammed Zaitoun
AU  - Eman Roshdy Alsafi
Y1  - 2019/11/25
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
T2  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JF  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
JO  - Journal of Family Medicine and Health Care
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8342
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jfmhc.20190504.14
AB  - Nausea and vomiting are common experiences in pregnancy and it is considered as a part of normal physiology. It affects about 75% of pregnant women without a known cause. In most cases, it is a mild and self-limited condition that can be controlled with conservative measures and has no adverse fetal outcomes. Women with severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) may have hyperemesis gravidarum (HG); an entity distinct from NVP, which if left untreated may lead to significant maternal and fetal morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the presence and severity of anxiety in pregnant women with and without HG. The study is a case-control study on 52 pregnant women divided into two groups: cases hospitalized with the diagnosis of HG and healthy pregnant women as a control group. All mothers in the study were evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). It was revealed that most of hyperemesis gravidarum cases suffered from severe anxiety while only (7.7%) of healthy control had severe anxiety, with high statistical significant difference. The mean of Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. Regarding General Health Questionnaire - 28 subscales; the mean score of somatic symptoms, social dysfunction and severe depression is statistically higher among hyperemesis gravidarum cases than healthy controls. It was concluded that anxiety and emotional distress were more common and severe in patients with HG.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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