The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children

Hye Young Kim; Won Sang Lee; Won Jun Seo; Kyu Chang Lee

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children

Hye Young Kim, Won Sang Lee, Won Jun Seo, Kyu Chang Lee

Published in Journal of Anesthesiology (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 24 March 2014 Accepted: 14 April 2014 Published: 30 April 2014

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Abstract

Background: Pre-anesthetic medication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and to lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and procedures. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous ketamine versus thiopental on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Methods: Eighty-two children aged 2-8 years scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospective double-blind, randomized study. The children were divided into two groups to receive either intravenous ketamine 1 mg/kg (Group K) or thiopental sodium 3 mg/kg (Group T) to facilitate separation from their parents in the preoperative holding area. Anesthesia was induced using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in group K and 2 mg/kg in group T, and was maintained using sevoflurane. The separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score, time from stopping the anesthetics to eye opening, extubation time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups K and T in the preoperative separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, time to eye opening from stopping the anesthetics and extubation time were significantly delayed in group K compared with group T. Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine or thiopental in the preoperative holding area are equally effective decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents and may not affect incidence of emergence agitation. The administration of thiopental used to induce anesthesia appears to be a better choice for preanesthetic medication with careful monitoring.

Published in	Journal of Anesthesiology (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
Page(s)	13-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Agitation, Children, Ketamine, Separation Anxiety, Thiopental

References

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APA Style

Hye Young Kim, Won Sang Lee, Won Jun Seo, Kyu Chang Lee. (2014). The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 2(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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ACS Style

Hye Young Kim; Won Sang Lee; Won Jun Seo; Kyu Chang Lee. The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2014, 2(2), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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AMA Style

Hye Young Kim, Won Sang Lee, Won Jun Seo, Kyu Chang Lee. The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2014;2(2):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11,
  author = {Hye Young Kim and Won Sang Lee and Won Jun Seo and Kyu Chang Lee},
  title = {The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ja.20140202.11},
  abstract = {Background: Pre-anesthetic medication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and to lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and procedures. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous ketamine versus thiopental on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Methods: Eighty-two children aged 2-8 years scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospective double-blind, randomized study. The children were divided into two groups to receive either intravenous ketamine 1 mg/kg (Group K) or thiopental sodium 3 mg/kg (Group T) to facilitate separation from their parents in the preoperative holding area. Anesthesia was induced using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in group K and 2 mg/kg in group T, and was maintained using sevoflurane. The separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score, time from stopping the anesthetics to eye opening, extubation time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups K and T in the preoperative separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, time to eye opening from stopping the anesthetics and extubation time were significantly delayed in group K compared with group T. Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine or thiopental in the preoperative holding area are equally effective decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents and may not affect incidence of emergence agitation. The administration of thiopental used to induce anesthesia appears to be a better choice for preanesthetic medication with careful monitoring.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children
AU  - Hye Young Kim
AU  - Won Sang Lee
AU  - Won Jun Seo
AU  - Kyu Chang Lee
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
AB  - Background: Pre-anesthetic medication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and to lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and procedures. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous ketamine versus thiopental on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Methods: Eighty-two children aged 2-8 years scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospective double-blind, randomized study. The children were divided into two groups to receive either intravenous ketamine 1 mg/kg (Group K) or thiopental sodium 3 mg/kg (Group T) to facilitate separation from their parents in the preoperative holding area. Anesthesia was induced using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in group K and 2 mg/kg in group T, and was maintained using sevoflurane. The separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score, time from stopping the anesthetics to eye opening, extubation time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups K and T in the preoperative separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, time to eye opening from stopping the anesthetics and extubation time were significantly delayed in group K compared with group T. Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine or thiopental in the preoperative holding area are equally effective decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents and may not affect incidence of emergence agitation. The administration of thiopental used to induce anesthesia appears to be a better choice for preanesthetic medication with careful monitoring.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Hye Young Kim

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
Won Sang Lee

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
Won Jun Seo

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea
Kyu Chang Lee

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungju Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, Korea

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Hye Young Kim, Won Sang Lee, Won Jun Seo, Kyu Chang Lee. (2014). The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine, 2(2), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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ACS Style

Hye Young Kim; Won Sang Lee; Won Jun Seo; Kyu Chang Lee. The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. Int. J. Anesth. Clin. Med. 2014, 2(2), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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AMA Style

Hye Young Kim, Won Sang Lee, Won Jun Seo, Kyu Chang Lee. The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children. Int J Anesth Clin Med. 2014;2(2):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11,
  author = {Hye Young Kim and Won Sang Lee and Won Jun Seo and Kyu Chang Lee},
  title = {The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children},
  journal = {International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {13-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ja.20140202.11},
  abstract = {Background: Pre-anesthetic medication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and to lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and procedures. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous ketamine versus thiopental on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Methods: Eighty-two children aged 2-8 years scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospective double-blind, randomized study. The children were divided into two groups to receive either intravenous ketamine 1 mg/kg (Group K) or thiopental sodium 3 mg/kg (Group T) to facilitate separation from their parents in the preoperative holding area. Anesthesia was induced using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in group K and 2 mg/kg in group T, and was maintained using sevoflurane. The separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score, time from stopping the anesthetics to eye opening, extubation time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups K and T in the preoperative separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, time to eye opening from stopping the anesthetics and extubation time were significantly delayed in group K compared with group T. Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine or thiopental in the preoperative holding area are equally effective decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents and may not affect incidence of emergence agitation. The administration of thiopental used to induce anesthesia appears to be a better choice for preanesthetic medication with careful monitoring.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effect of intravenous Ketamine Versus Thiopental in the Preoperative Holding Area on the Separation Anxiety and Emergence Agitation in Children
AU  - Hye Young Kim
AU  - Won Sang Lee
AU  - Won Jun Seo
AU  - Kyu Chang Lee
Y1  - 2014/04/30
PY  - 2014
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
T2  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
JO  - International Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Medicine
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2997-2698
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ja.20140202.11
AB  - Background: Pre-anesthetic medication is often required in children to provide anxiolysis and to lessen the psychological impact of hospitalization and procedures. In this study, we compared the effects of intravenous ketamine versus thiopental on the separation anxiety and emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy. Methods: Eighty-two children aged 2-8 years scheduled for adenotonsillectomy were enrolled in this prospective double-blind, randomized study. The children were divided into two groups to receive either intravenous ketamine 1 mg/kg (Group K) or thiopental sodium 3 mg/kg (Group T) to facilitate separation from their parents in the preoperative holding area. Anesthesia was induced using 5 mg/kg thiopental sodium in group K and 2 mg/kg in group T, and was maintained using sevoflurane. The separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score, time from stopping the anesthetics to eye opening, extubation time, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were assessed. Results: There were no significant differences between groups K and T in the preoperative separation anxiety score, emergence agitation score and postoperative nausea and vomiting. However, time to eye opening from stopping the anesthetics and extubation time were significantly delayed in group K compared with group T. Conclusions: Intravenous ketamine or thiopental in the preoperative holding area are equally effective decreasing anxiety upon separation from parents and may not affect incidence of emergence agitation. The administration of thiopental used to induce anesthesia appears to be a better choice for preanesthetic medication with careful monitoring.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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