Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem; Ozuomba Simeon; Afolayan J. Jimoh

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem, Ozuomba Simeon, Afolayan J. Jimoh

Published in International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (Volume 3, Issue 2)

Received: 25 October 2016 Accepted: 17 January 2017 Published: 16 February 2017

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Abstract

In this paper, path loss prediction for near ground propagation of third generation (3G)-based Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band over a smooth-earth terrain is presented. Particularly, the attenuation due to diffraction is estimated based on ITU-R Recommendation P.526-13 for diffraction over smooth earth. Furthermore, the total pathloss is determined using the Blomquist empirical model which combined free-space loss, plane-earth loss and the diffraction loss over smooth earth. In the study, two drive tests are conducted for the UMTS 2100 MHz frequency band in suburban area of Uyo. The Blomquist empirical model was tuned with respect to the first drive test pathloss dataset. The results show that with the training data (first drive test data), the untuned Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=10.21344 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 89.92%, minimum Prediction error = 9.02 dB and maximum Prediction error = -34.05 dB. Also, with the training data, the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.625388dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.48%, minimum Prediction error = 5.34 dB and maximum Prediction error = -5.40 dB. Furthermore, with the cross validation data (second drive test data), the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.831368 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.24%, minimum Prediction error = 5.25 dB and maximum Prediction error = -6.15 dB. The results show that for the given terrain under study, the tuned or optimized Blomquist empirical model can effectively predict the pathloss for the UMTS network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band.

Published in	International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
Page(s)	70-76
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Blomquist Empirical Model, Plane-Earth Loss, Diffraction Loss, Pathloss, Cross Validation, UMTS Network

References

[1]	Isabona, J., Konyeha, C. C., Chinule, C. B., & Isaiah, G. P. (2008). Radio Field Strength Propagation Data and Path Loss Calculation Methods in UMTS Network. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications, 21 (1), 54-68.
[2]	Isabona J., Konyeha. C. C., Chinule. C. B. and Isaiah G. P. (2013) Radio Field Strength Propagation Data and Pathloss calculation Methods in UMTS Network. Advances in Physics Theories and Applications www.iiste.org Vol. 21, 2013.
[3]	Obot, A., Simeon, O., and Afolayan J. (2011). Comparative Analysis of Pathloss Prediction Models for Urban Microcellular, Nigerian Journal of Technology Vol. 30, No. 3, pp 50-59.
[4]	Aziz, J. S., And Hamada, S. T. (2008) Path Profile Analysis of a LOS System Using 3-D Digital Map. The 1 stRegional Conference of Eng. Sci. NUCEJ Spatial ISSUE vol.11, No.1, 2008 pp 28-37.
[5]	Linnartz, J. P. (2001). Wireless communication: the interactive multimedia CD-ROM. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
[6]	Linmartz J-P. M. G. (1996) Wireless Communication, The Interactive Multimedia CD-ROM, Baltzer Science Publishers, P. O. Box 37208, 1030 AE Amsterdam, ISSN 1383 4231, Vol. 1 (1996), No. 1.
[7]	Lodhi, A., Hathi, N., Gkekas, Y., & Nahi, P. (2008, January). Coverage comparison of UMTS networks in 900 and 2100 MHz frequency bands. InWireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, 2008. IET International Conference on (pp. 22-25). IET.
[8]	Chen, X. (2003). U. S. Patent Application No. 10/371,709.
[9]	Loureiro, A., Gallegos, D., & Caldwell, G. (2011, September). Interference analysis on UMTS-2100 co-existence with GSM-1900. In Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), 2011 IEEE (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
[10]	ACMA (2009) Radiocommunications Assignment and Licensing Instructions RALI FX3 (Microwave fixed services frequency coordination). Technical Publication of Australian Communications and Media Authority. Appendix 4: Fixed service propagation modeling. Available at:http://www.acma.gov.au/webwr/radcomm/frequency_planning/frequency_assignment/docs/fx3/fx3apx4.pdf.
[11]	Recommendation ITU-R P.526-13 (2013), “Propagation by Diffraction,” International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, Switzerland, November 2013.

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APA Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem, Ozuomba Simeon, Afolayan J. Jimoh. (2017). Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, 3(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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ACS Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem; Ozuomba Simeon; Afolayan J. Jimoh. Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Math. 2017, 3(2), 70-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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AMA Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem, Ozuomba Simeon, Afolayan J. Jimoh. Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. Int J Theor Appl Math. 2017;3(2):70-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14,
  author = {Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem and Ozuomba Simeon and Afolayan J. Jimoh},
  title = {Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain},
  journal = {International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-76},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  abstract = {In this paper, path loss prediction for near ground propagation of third generation (3G)-based Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band over a smooth-earth terrain is presented. Particularly, the attenuation due to diffraction is estimated based on ITU-R Recommendation P.526-13 for diffraction over smooth earth. Furthermore, the total pathloss is determined using the Blomquist empirical model which combined free-space loss, plane-earth loss and the diffraction loss over smooth earth. In the study, two drive tests are conducted for the UMTS 2100 MHz frequency band in suburban area of Uyo. The Blomquist empirical model was tuned with respect to the first drive test pathloss dataset. The results show that with the training data (first drive test data), the untuned Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=10.21344 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 89.92%, minimum Prediction error = 9.02 dB and maximum Prediction error = -34.05 dB. Also, with the training data, the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.625388dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.48%, minimum Prediction error = 5.34 dB and maximum Prediction error = -5.40 dB. Furthermore, with the cross validation data (second drive test data), the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.831368 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.24%, minimum Prediction error = 5.25 dB and maximum Prediction error = -6.15 dB. The results show that for the given terrain under study, the tuned or optimized Blomquist empirical model can effectively predict the pathloss for the UMTS network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain
AU  - Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem
AU  - Ozuomba Simeon
AU  - Afolayan J. Jimoh
Y1  - 2017/02/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
T2  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 70
EP  - 76
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5080
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
AB  - In this paper, path loss prediction for near ground propagation of third generation (3G)-based Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band over a smooth-earth terrain is presented. Particularly, the attenuation due to diffraction is estimated based on ITU-R Recommendation P.526-13 for diffraction over smooth earth. Furthermore, the total pathloss is determined using the Blomquist empirical model which combined free-space loss, plane-earth loss and the diffraction loss over smooth earth. In the study, two drive tests are conducted for the UMTS 2100 MHz frequency band in suburban area of Uyo. The Blomquist empirical model was tuned with respect to the first drive test pathloss dataset. The results show that with the training data (first drive test data), the untuned Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=10.21344 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 89.92%, minimum Prediction error = 9.02 dB and maximum Prediction error = -34.05 dB. Also, with the training data, the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.625388dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.48%, minimum Prediction error = 5.34 dB and maximum Prediction error = -5.40 dB. Furthermore, with the cross validation data (second drive test data), the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.831368 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.24%, minimum Prediction error = 5.25 dB and maximum Prediction error = -6.15 dB. The results show that for the given terrain under study, the tuned or optimized Blomquist empirical model can effectively predict the pathloss for the UMTS network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem

Department of Computer Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria
Ozuomba Simeon

Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
Afolayan J. Jimoh

Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria

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APA Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem, Ozuomba Simeon, Afolayan J. Jimoh. (2017). Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, 3(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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ACS Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem; Ozuomba Simeon; Afolayan J. Jimoh. Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Math. 2017, 3(2), 70-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

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AMA Style

Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem, Ozuomba Simeon, Afolayan J. Jimoh. Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain. Int J Theor Appl Math. 2017;3(2):70-76. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14,
  author = {Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem and Ozuomba Simeon and Afolayan J. Jimoh},
  title = {Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain},
  journal = {International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {3},
  number = {2},
  pages = {70-76},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtam.20170302.14},
  abstract = {In this paper, path loss prediction for near ground propagation of third generation (3G)-based Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band over a smooth-earth terrain is presented. Particularly, the attenuation due to diffraction is estimated based on ITU-R Recommendation P.526-13 for diffraction over smooth earth. Furthermore, the total pathloss is determined using the Blomquist empirical model which combined free-space loss, plane-earth loss and the diffraction loss over smooth earth. In the study, two drive tests are conducted for the UMTS 2100 MHz frequency band in suburban area of Uyo. The Blomquist empirical model was tuned with respect to the first drive test pathloss dataset. The results show that with the training data (first drive test data), the untuned Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=10.21344 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 89.92%, minimum Prediction error = 9.02 dB and maximum Prediction error = -34.05 dB. Also, with the training data, the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.625388dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.48%, minimum Prediction error = 5.34 dB and maximum Prediction error = -5.40 dB. Furthermore, with the cross validation data (second drive test data), the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.831368 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.24%, minimum Prediction error = 5.25 dB and maximum Prediction error = -6.15 dB. The results show that for the given terrain under study, the tuned or optimized Blomquist empirical model can effectively predict the pathloss for the UMTS network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Near Ground Path Loss Prediction for UMTS 2100 MHz Frequency Band Over Propagating Over a Smooth-Earth Terrain
AU  - Umesi Cosmos Nnanyerem
AU  - Ozuomba Simeon
AU  - Afolayan J. Jimoh
Y1  - 2017/02/16
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
T2  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 70
EP  - 76
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5080
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20170302.14
AB  - In this paper, path loss prediction for near ground propagation of third generation (3G)-based Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band over a smooth-earth terrain is presented. Particularly, the attenuation due to diffraction is estimated based on ITU-R Recommendation P.526-13 for diffraction over smooth earth. Furthermore, the total pathloss is determined using the Blomquist empirical model which combined free-space loss, plane-earth loss and the diffraction loss over smooth earth. In the study, two drive tests are conducted for the UMTS 2100 MHz frequency band in suburban area of Uyo. The Blomquist empirical model was tuned with respect to the first drive test pathloss dataset. The results show that with the training data (first drive test data), the untuned Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=10.21344 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 89.92%, minimum Prediction error = 9.02 dB and maximum Prediction error = -34.05 dB. Also, with the training data, the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.625388dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.48%, minimum Prediction error = 5.34 dB and maximum Prediction error = -5.40 dB. Furthermore, with the cross validation data (second drive test data), the optimized Blomquist empirical model has RMSE=1.831368 dB, Prediction Accuracy = 98.24%, minimum Prediction error = 5.25 dB and maximum Prediction error = -6.15 dB. The results show that for the given terrain under study, the tuned or optimized Blomquist empirical model can effectively predict the pathloss for the UMTS network signal in the 2100 MHz frequency band.
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
ER  -

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