Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Gudisa Bereda

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Gudisa Bereda

Published in International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 8 December 2022 Accepted: 16 March 2023 Published: 18 May 2023

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Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity or excessive motor activity, and impulsivity, which is disproportionate to age and the most common behavioral disorder in children and adolescents. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity means an individual may seem to move about constantly, including in conditions when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidget, tap, or talk. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occurs with specific and global developmental and learning problems that include autistic spectrum disorders, difficulties with speech and language, motor co-ordination, and reading, as well as with a range of psychiatric disorders, notably oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. Long-term outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be dangerous because they elevate the rates of serious accidental injury, medicine addiction, depression, school or occupational failure, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity can be characterized by being unable to concentrate on tasks, being unable to sit still, excessive physical movement, excessive talking, interrupting conversations, and acting without thinking. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with impairments in cognitive, academic, familial, and finally occupational domains of daily life functioning. Impaired social functioning can manifest as rejection by peers and conflicts with other children and adults. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is commonly associated with highly familial disorder, environmental and other modifiable risk factors such as prenatal substance exposures, heavy metal and chemical exposures, nutritional factors, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors.

Published in	International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
Page(s)	10-12
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Hyperactivity, Impulsivity, Inattention, Risk Factors, Symptoms

References

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[4]	Abolhassanzadeh M et al. The prevalence and risk factors of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among the elementary school students in Ardabil, Iran, in 2011-2012. J Anal Res Clin Med, 2016, 4 (3), 146-52.
[5]	Amiri S, Fakhari A, Maheri M, Mohammadpoor AA. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in primary school children of Tabriz, North-West Iran. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2010; 24 (6): 597-601.
[6]	Froehlich TE, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Kahn RS. Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of S children. Arch PediatrAdolesc Med 2007; 161 (9): 857-64.
[7]	Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E. Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 2007; 166 (2): 117-23.
[8]	Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2007; 164 (6): 942-8.
[9]	Scheffler RM, Hinshaw SP, Modrek S, Levine P. The global market for ADHD medications. Health Aff (Millwood) 2007; 26 (2): 450-7.
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[11]	Faraone S. V et al. Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry (2019) 24: 562–575.
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[13]	Nikolas MA, Burt SA. Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: a meta-analysis. J Abnorm Psychol. 2010; 119: 1–17.
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[15]	Larsson H, Asherson P, Chang Z, Ljung T, Friedrichs B, Larsson JO, et al. Genetic and environmental influences on adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms: a large Swedish population-based study of twins. Psychol Med. 2013; 43: 197–207.

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Gudisa Bereda. (2023). Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 8(1), 10-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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ACS Style

Gudisa Bereda. Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2023, 8(1), 10-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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AMA Style

Gudisa Bereda. Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2023;8(1):10-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12,
  author = {Gudisa Bereda},
  title = {Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity or excessive motor activity, and impulsivity, which is disproportionate to age and the most common behavioral disorder in children and adolescents. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity means an individual may seem to move about constantly, including in conditions when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidget, tap, or talk. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occurs with specific and global developmental and learning problems that include autistic spectrum disorders, difficulties with speech and language, motor co-ordination, and reading, as well as with a range of psychiatric disorders, notably oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. Long-term outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be dangerous because they elevate the rates of serious accidental injury, medicine addiction, depression, school or occupational failure, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity can be characterized by being unable to concentrate on tasks, being unable to sit still, excessive physical movement, excessive talking, interrupting conversations, and acting without thinking. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with impairments in cognitive, academic, familial, and finally occupational domains of daily life functioning. Impaired social functioning can manifest as rejection by peers and conflicts with other children and adults. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is commonly associated with highly familial disorder, environmental and other modifiable risk factors such as prenatal substance exposures, heavy metal and chemical exposures, nutritional factors, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
AU  - Gudisa Bereda
Y1  - 2023/05/18
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
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T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
AB  - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity or excessive motor activity, and impulsivity, which is disproportionate to age and the most common behavioral disorder in children and adolescents. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity means an individual may seem to move about constantly, including in conditions when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidget, tap, or talk. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occurs with specific and global developmental and learning problems that include autistic spectrum disorders, difficulties with speech and language, motor co-ordination, and reading, as well as with a range of psychiatric disorders, notably oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. Long-term outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be dangerous because they elevate the rates of serious accidental injury, medicine addiction, depression, school or occupational failure, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity can be characterized by being unable to concentrate on tasks, being unable to sit still, excessive physical movement, excessive talking, interrupting conversations, and acting without thinking. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with impairments in cognitive, academic, familial, and finally occupational domains of daily life functioning. Impaired social functioning can manifest as rejection by peers and conflicts with other children and adults. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is commonly associated with highly familial disorder, environmental and other modifiable risk factors such as prenatal substance exposures, heavy metal and chemical exposures, nutritional factors, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Gudisa Bereda

All Africa Leprosy, Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Gudisa Bereda. (2023). Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 8(1), 10-12. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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ACS Style

Gudisa Bereda. Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2023, 8(1), 10-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

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AMA Style

Gudisa Bereda. Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2023;8(1):10-12. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12,
  author = {Gudisa Bereda},
  title = {Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-12},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20230801.12},
  abstract = {Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity or excessive motor activity, and impulsivity, which is disproportionate to age and the most common behavioral disorder in children and adolescents. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity means an individual may seem to move about constantly, including in conditions when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidget, tap, or talk. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occurs with specific and global developmental and learning problems that include autistic spectrum disorders, difficulties with speech and language, motor co-ordination, and reading, as well as with a range of psychiatric disorders, notably oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. Long-term outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be dangerous because they elevate the rates of serious accidental injury, medicine addiction, depression, school or occupational failure, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity can be characterized by being unable to concentrate on tasks, being unable to sit still, excessive physical movement, excessive talking, interrupting conversations, and acting without thinking. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with impairments in cognitive, academic, familial, and finally occupational domains of daily life functioning. Impaired social functioning can manifest as rejection by peers and conflicts with other children and adults. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is commonly associated with highly familial disorder, environmental and other modifiable risk factors such as prenatal substance exposures, heavy metal and chemical exposures, nutritional factors, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Symptoms and Risk Factors of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
AU  - Gudisa Bereda
Y1  - 2023/05/18
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 10
EP  - 12
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20230801.12
AB  - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be characterized by impaired attention, hyperactivity or excessive motor activity, and impulsivity, which is disproportionate to age and the most common behavioral disorder in children and adolescents. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity means an individual may seem to move about constantly, including in conditions when it is not appropriate, or excessively fidget, tap, or talk. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently occurs with specific and global developmental and learning problems that include autistic spectrum disorders, difficulties with speech and language, motor co-ordination, and reading, as well as with a range of psychiatric disorders, notably oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and tic disorders. Long-term outcomes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can be dangerous because they elevate the rates of serious accidental injury, medicine addiction, depression, school or occupational failure, and involvement in the criminal justice system. Hyperactivity or excessive motor activity can be characterized by being unable to concentrate on tasks, being unable to sit still, excessive physical movement, excessive talking, interrupting conversations, and acting without thinking. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with impairments in cognitive, academic, familial, and finally occupational domains of daily life functioning. Impaired social functioning can manifest as rejection by peers and conflicts with other children and adults. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is commonly associated with highly familial disorder, environmental and other modifiable risk factors such as prenatal substance exposures, heavy metal and chemical exposures, nutritional factors, and lifestyle and psychosocial factors.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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