Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry

Phillip Mutambo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry

Phillip Mutambo

Published in International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 9 October 2017 Accepted: 24 October 2017 Published: 16 January 2018

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Abstract

Zambia’s tourism industry has been developing noticeably for the last decade and it has become one of the major potential options for economy growth and diversification. Zambia is one such a country that offers unique attractive tourist sites yet it is not among the top 50 worldwide tourist destinations. This research was undertaken in order to empirically analyze factors affecting international competitiveness of the tourism industry in Zambia. The study used Trade Specialization Coefficient (TSC) as a measure of Tourism Industry Competitiveness in Zambia, and carried out an Empirical Analysis using econometric variables selected based on Porters Diamond Model of competitiveness. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the study found that 78.3% of the International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry can be explained by the identified variables in this study. This study concludes that there is need to develop a tourism development plan that streams down from a national to regional level, which will strengthen actions on the ground, leading to a coordination necessary to create opportunities for linking the tourism industry to policies going hand in hand with investment opportunities provided by modern information and telecommunications, which are necessary for improving the Internationational competitiveness of Tourism Industry.

Published in	International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
Page(s)	7-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tourism, International Competitiveness, Porters-Diamond-Model, Affecting Factors

References

[1]	Tourism and Travel Council. WTTC, (2008). Tourism Satellite Account Publication.
[2]	ZambiaInvest.com, July 13, 2016 “Zambia Tourism” http://www.zambiainvest.com/tourism
[3]	Chen, C. M., Chen, S. H., Lee, H. T. and Tsai, T. H. (2016), “Exploring destination resources and competitiveness–A comparative analysis of tourists' perceptions and satisfaction toward an island of Taiwan”, Ocean & Coastal Management, Vol. 119, pp. 58-67.
[4]	Ritchie, J. R. B., Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Prospective, CABI Publishing.
[5]	Dwyer, L. and Kim, C. (2003), “Destination competitiveness: Determinants and indicators”, Current issues in Tourism, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 369-414.
[6]	Hanafiah, M. H., Hemdi, M. A., Ahmad, I. (2015), “Reflections on Tourism Destination Competitiveness (TDC) Determinants”, Advanced Science Letters, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 1571-1574.
[7]	Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report (TTCI) 2008 (World Economic Forum, 2008, 25).
[8]	(Gomezelj and Mihalic, 2008). Destination competitiveness—Applying different models, the case of Slovenia. Faculty of Management Koper, University of Primorska, Cankarjeva 5, 6000 Koper, Slovenia Faculty of Economics, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva pl. 17, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
[9]	Assaker, G., Vinzi, V. E. and O’Connor, P. (2011), “Extending a tourism causality network model: A crosscountry, multigroup empirical analysis”, Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 258-277.
[10]	Tseng, H. P. and Chen C. H. (2013), “Exploration of destination competitiveness framework – city as a destination”, Complex, Intelligent, and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS), 2013 Seventh International Conference, pp. 673-676.
[11]	Knezevic Cvelbar, Dwyer, L, Koman, M. and Mihalic, T. (2015), “Drivers of Destination Competitiveness in Tourism: A Global Investigation”, Journal of Travel Research, pp. 1-10.
[12]	Cucculelli, M. and Goffi, G. (2015), “Does sustainability enhance tourism destination competitiveness? Evidence from Italian Destinations of Excellence”, Journal of Clear Production, pp. 1-13.
[13]	Mu Quan and Zhang Shiqiu (2010): Factor Analysis of International Competitiveness of the Iron and Steel Industry in China, Peking University, Beijing, p. 8, http://www.kadinst.hku.hk/sdconf10/Papers_PDF/p163.pdf
[14]	Porter (1998), “The Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance”. NY: Free Press.
[15]	Peng (2004) “Global Strategy”. M. W. Peng, J. Tan, & T. Tong, 2004 www.utdallas.edu/~zlin/Chapter%202-BPS4305.ppt
[16]	Porter, M. & van der Linde, C. (1995). Green and competitive. Harvard Business Review, September-October, 120-134.
[17]	The World Bank (2012). World Development Indicators https://data.worldbank.org
[18]	Zambia Statistics Office http://zamstats.gov.zm

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APA Style

Phillip Mutambo. (2018). Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 3(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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ACS Style

Phillip Mutambo. Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2018, 3(1), 7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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AMA Style

Phillip Mutambo. Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2018;3(1):7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12,
  author = {Phillip Mutambo},
  title = {Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  abstract = {Zambia’s tourism industry has been developing noticeably for the last decade and it has become one of the major potential options for economy growth and diversification. Zambia is one such a country that offers unique attractive tourist sites yet it is not among the top 50 worldwide tourist destinations. This research was undertaken in order to empirically analyze factors affecting international competitiveness of the tourism industry in Zambia. The study used Trade Specialization Coefficient (TSC) as a measure of Tourism Industry Competitiveness in Zambia, and carried out an Empirical Analysis using econometric variables selected based on Porters Diamond Model of competitiveness. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the study found that 78.3% of the International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry can be explained by the identified variables in this study. This study concludes that there is need to develop a tourism development plan that streams down from a national to regional level, which will strengthen actions on the ground, leading to a coordination necessary to create opportunities for linking the tourism industry to policies going hand in hand with investment opportunities provided by modern information and telecommunications, which are necessary for improving the Internationational competitiveness of Tourism Industry.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry
AU  - Phillip Mutambo
Y1  - 2018/01/16
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
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EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
AB  - Zambia’s tourism industry has been developing noticeably for the last decade and it has become one of the major potential options for economy growth and diversification. Zambia is one such a country that offers unique attractive tourist sites yet it is not among the top 50 worldwide tourist destinations. This research was undertaken in order to empirically analyze factors affecting international competitiveness of the tourism industry in Zambia. The study used Trade Specialization Coefficient (TSC) as a measure of Tourism Industry Competitiveness in Zambia, and carried out an Empirical Analysis using econometric variables selected based on Porters Diamond Model of competitiveness. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the study found that 78.3% of the International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry can be explained by the identified variables in this study. This study concludes that there is need to develop a tourism development plan that streams down from a national to regional level, which will strengthen actions on the ground, leading to a coordination necessary to create opportunities for linking the tourism industry to policies going hand in hand with investment opportunities provided by modern information and telecommunications, which are necessary for improving the Internationational competitiveness of Tourism Industry.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
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Author Information

Phillip Mutambo

School of International Trade and Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China

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Phillip Mutambo. (2018). Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 3(1), 7-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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ACS Style

Phillip Mutambo. Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. Int. J. Psychol. Brain Sci. 2018, 3(1), 7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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AMA Style

Phillip Mutambo. Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry. Int J Psychol Brain Sci. 2018;3(1):7-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12,
  author = {Phillip Mutambo},
  title = {Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry},
  journal = {International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {7-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijpbs.20180301.12},
  abstract = {Zambia’s tourism industry has been developing noticeably for the last decade and it has become one of the major potential options for economy growth and diversification. Zambia is one such a country that offers unique attractive tourist sites yet it is not among the top 50 worldwide tourist destinations. This research was undertaken in order to empirically analyze factors affecting international competitiveness of the tourism industry in Zambia. The study used Trade Specialization Coefficient (TSC) as a measure of Tourism Industry Competitiveness in Zambia, and carried out an Empirical Analysis using econometric variables selected based on Porters Diamond Model of competitiveness. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the study found that 78.3% of the International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry can be explained by the identified variables in this study. This study concludes that there is need to develop a tourism development plan that streams down from a national to regional level, which will strengthen actions on the ground, leading to a coordination necessary to create opportunities for linking the tourism industry to policies going hand in hand with investment opportunities provided by modern information and telecommunications, which are necessary for improving the Internationational competitiveness of Tourism Industry.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry
AU  - Phillip Mutambo
Y1  - 2018/01/16
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
T2  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Psychological and Brain Sciences
SP  - 7
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1573
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijpbs.20180301.12
AB  - Zambia’s tourism industry has been developing noticeably for the last decade and it has become one of the major potential options for economy growth and diversification. Zambia is one such a country that offers unique attractive tourist sites yet it is not among the top 50 worldwide tourist destinations. This research was undertaken in order to empirically analyze factors affecting international competitiveness of the tourism industry in Zambia. The study used Trade Specialization Coefficient (TSC) as a measure of Tourism Industry Competitiveness in Zambia, and carried out an Empirical Analysis using econometric variables selected based on Porters Diamond Model of competitiveness. Using a Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, the study found that 78.3% of the International Competitiveness of Zambia’s Tourism Industry can be explained by the identified variables in this study. This study concludes that there is need to develop a tourism development plan that streams down from a national to regional level, which will strengthen actions on the ground, leading to a coordination necessary to create opportunities for linking the tourism industry to policies going hand in hand with investment opportunities provided by modern information and telecommunications, which are necessary for improving the Internationational competitiveness of Tourism Industry.
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download