Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou

Fangyuan Chen; Xiaojuan He; Junjie Tang; Yuanting Yang; Monzer Fatfat; Jian Chen; Qing Zhou

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou

Fangyuan Chen, Xiaojuan He, Junjie Tang, Yuanting Yang, Monzer Fatfat, Jian Chen, Qing Zhou

Published in International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 5, Issue 4)

Received: 17 October 2020 Accepted: 27 October 2020 Published: 4 November 2020

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Abstract

Introduction: To investigates the impact of online study during COVID-19 on myopia in Chinese primary school students and to further analyze the influencing factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of myopia. Objectives: Cross-sectional study. A total of 905 primary school students from grade 1-6 in Guangzhou city were included in the study. Data were collected from uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic photo refraction and an online questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity < 1.0 or spherical equivalent (SE) of ≤ − 0.50 diopters (D) in either eye. Chi-square and binary logistic regression analysis were applied to investigate the prevalence of myopia for different groups and potential risk factors on myopia. Results: A total of 905 students were evaluated. The mean (standard deviation) age was 9.7(±1.82) years. 699 students were identified to have myopic refractive error making the prevalence of 77.2% ([95% confidence interval (CI): 75.5%–80.0%]; myopia prevalence significantly increased with grade level, from 61.9% (95% CI: 54.0%–69.8%) at grade 1 to 84.0% (95% CI: 80.5%–90.1%) at grade 6. Low myopia (-3.0 D≤ SE ≤ -0.50 D) was account for 83.5% (95% CI: 80.3%–86.3%) among the myopia group, with the mean (standard deviation) SE (-1.32±0.66) D. Compared with children without myopia, the dry symptoms were more serious in myopic students (81.8% vs. 25.2%, χ² = 5.811, P = 0.016). Moreover, myopia prevalence significantly differences among different exposure natural light level (χ² = 8.382, P = 0.039). Binary logistic regression analysis showed children who spent more time on online-study or had higher grade level had a higher risk of myopia (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044–1.259; OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044-1.259). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in primary school students from grade 1 to grade 6 in Guangzhou city is higher than previous study conducted in Guangzhou after the online-study during COVID-19. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher grade, spending a less time outdoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.

Published in	International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
Page(s)	84-89
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Myopia, Primary School Student, Online Study, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Study

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APA Style

Fangyuan Chen, Xiaojuan He, Junjie Tang, Yuanting Yang, Monzer Fatfat, et al. (2020). Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 5(4), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Fangyuan Chen; Xiaojuan He; Junjie Tang; Yuanting Yang; Monzer Fatfat, et al. Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020, 5(4), 84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Fangyuan Chen, Xiaojuan He, Junjie Tang, Yuanting Yang, Monzer Fatfat, et al. Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;5(4):84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11,
  author = {Fangyuan Chen and Xiaojuan He and Junjie Tang and Yuanting Yang and Monzer Fatfat and Jian Chen and Qing Zhou},
  title = {Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {84-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: To investigates the impact of online study during COVID-19 on myopia in Chinese primary school students and to further analyze the influencing factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of myopia. Objectives: Cross-sectional study. A total of 905 primary school students from grade 1-6 in Guangzhou city were included in the study. Data were collected from uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic photo refraction and an online questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity 2 = 5.811, P = 0.016). Moreover, myopia prevalence significantly differences among different exposure natural light level (χ2 = 8.382, P = 0.039). Binary logistic regression analysis showed children who spent more time on online-study or had higher grade level had a higher risk of myopia (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044–1.259; OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044-1.259). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in primary school students from grade 1 to grade 6 in Guangzhou city is higher than previous study conducted in Guangzhou after the online-study during COVID-19. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher grade, spending a less time outdoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou
AU  - Fangyuan Chen
AU  - Xiaojuan He
AU  - Junjie Tang
AU  - Yuanting Yang
AU  - Monzer Fatfat
AU  - Jian Chen
AU  - Qing Zhou
Y1  - 2020/11/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 84
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
AB  - Introduction: To investigates the impact of online study during COVID-19 on myopia in Chinese primary school students and to further analyze the influencing factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of myopia. Objectives: Cross-sectional study. A total of 905 primary school students from grade 1-6 in Guangzhou city were included in the study. Data were collected from uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic photo refraction and an online questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity 2 = 5.811, P = 0.016). Moreover, myopia prevalence significantly differences among different exposure natural light level (χ2 = 8.382, P = 0.039). Binary logistic regression analysis showed children who spent more time on online-study or had higher grade level had a higher risk of myopia (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044–1.259; OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044-1.259). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in primary school students from grade 1 to grade 6 in Guangzhou city is higher than previous study conducted in Guangzhou after the online-study during COVID-19. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher grade, spending a less time outdoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Fangyuan Chen

First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Xiaojuan He

Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Junjie Tang

First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Yuanting Yang

First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Monzer Fatfat

First School of Clinical Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Jian Chen

Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Qing Zhou

Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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APA Style

Fangyuan Chen, Xiaojuan He, Junjie Tang, Yuanting Yang, Monzer Fatfat, et al. (2020). Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 5(4), 84-89. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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ACS Style

Fangyuan Chen; Xiaojuan He; Junjie Tang; Yuanting Yang; Monzer Fatfat, et al. Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2020, 5(4), 84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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AMA Style

Fangyuan Chen, Xiaojuan He, Junjie Tang, Yuanting Yang, Monzer Fatfat, et al. Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;5(4):84-89. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11,
  author = {Fangyuan Chen and Xiaojuan He and Junjie Tang and Yuanting Yang and Monzer Fatfat and Jian Chen and Qing Zhou},
  title = {Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {5},
  number = {4},
  pages = {84-89},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20200504.11},
  abstract = {Introduction: To investigates the impact of online study during COVID-19 on myopia in Chinese primary school students and to further analyze the influencing factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of myopia. Objectives: Cross-sectional study. A total of 905 primary school students from grade 1-6 in Guangzhou city were included in the study. Data were collected from uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic photo refraction and an online questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity 2 = 5.811, P = 0.016). Moreover, myopia prevalence significantly differences among different exposure natural light level (χ2 = 8.382, P = 0.039). Binary logistic regression analysis showed children who spent more time on online-study or had higher grade level had a higher risk of myopia (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044–1.259; OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044-1.259). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in primary school students from grade 1 to grade 6 in Guangzhou city is higher than previous study conducted in Guangzhou after the online-study during COVID-19. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher grade, spending a less time outdoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence of Myopia and Associated Risk Factors Among Primary Students in the Period of Online Study During COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study in Guangzhou
AU  - Fangyuan Chen
AU  - Xiaojuan He
AU  - Junjie Tang
AU  - Yuanting Yang
AU  - Monzer Fatfat
AU  - Jian Chen
AU  - Qing Zhou
Y1  - 2020/11/04
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 84
EP  - 89
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20200504.11
AB  - Introduction: To investigates the impact of online study during COVID-19 on myopia in Chinese primary school students and to further analyze the influencing factors of myopia, so as to provide theoretical basis for prevention and control of myopia. Objectives: Cross-sectional study. A total of 905 primary school students from grade 1-6 in Guangzhou city were included in the study. Data were collected from uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic photo refraction and an online questionnaire. Myopia was defined as visual acuity 2 = 5.811, P = 0.016). Moreover, myopia prevalence significantly differences among different exposure natural light level (χ2 = 8.382, P = 0.039). Binary logistic regression analysis showed children who spent more time on online-study or had higher grade level had a higher risk of myopia (OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044–1.259; OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 1.044-1.259). Conclusions: The prevalence of myopia in primary school students from grade 1 to grade 6 in Guangzhou city is higher than previous study conducted in Guangzhou after the online-study during COVID-19. Myopia was significantly positively associated with higher grade, spending a less time outdoors; notably, playing with electronics had the greatest influence on the risk of myopia.
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
ER  -

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