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Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya

Received: 2 October 2017     Accepted: 26 December 2017     Published: 16 January 2018
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Abstract

The competing water uses within the Mara River Basin MRB has increased water demand, which has affected the Mara river. In this paper, water resources and demands were modelled using Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP), by which different methods and strategies were assessed to mitigate the overuse practices from the Mara river. For this, water uses and resources in the basin were quantified and mapped in regard to their current and future statuses taking 2010 as a reference year for the simulation’ scenarios up to 2045. The Parameter Estimation Tool (PEST) was used to calibrate the model. The results showed that the total water demand within the basin under the reference scenario was 4.91 BCM, the demand dropped to 4.1 BCM under the ¨Demand Management Strategy DMS scenario and to 3.5 BCM under the Enhanced Policy Implementation and DMS scenario. The results also showed that the proposed DMS could increase water sustainability by reducing water demands at the basin.

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12
Page(s) 9-18
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Demand Management, Mitigation, PEST, Sustainability, Policy Implementation

References
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[2] Gereta, E.; Wolanski, E.;, Borner, M.; Serneels, S. Use of an ecohydrology model to predict the impact on the Serengeti ecosystem of deforestation, irrigation and the proposed Amala Weir Water Diversion Project in Kenya. Ecohydrology and Hydrology, 2002, 2, 135-142.
[3] Ottichilo, W. K., Leeuw, J.; Skidmore, A.; H. T, P.; Said, M. Population Trends of Large Non-Migratory Wild Herbivores and Livestock in the Masai Mara Ecosystem, Kenya, between 1977 and 1997. African Journal of Ecology, 2000, 38, 202-216.
[4] Dessu, S. B.; Melesse, A. M. Modelling the rainfall–runoff process of the Mara River basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool. Hydrological Processes, 2012, 26, 4038-4049.
[5] Dessu, S. B.; Melesse, A.; Bhat, M. Assessment of Water Resources Availability and Demand in the Mara River Basin, Kenya/Tanzania. Water Resources Management, 2014, 115, 104-114.
[6] Majule, A. E. Towards sustainable management of natural resources in the Mara river basin in Northeast Tanzania. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 2010, 2 (10), 213-224.
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[8] Gereta, E.; Wolanski, E.; Makus, B.; Serneels. Use of hydrological model to predict the impacts on Serengeti ecosystems of deforestation, irrigation and the proposed Amala weir in Kenya, 2001, Retrieved from http//www.2gf.de/mitarbeiterbereich/pdf/AmalaStudy.pdf.
[9] Mati, B. M.; Mutie, S.; Home, P.; Gadain, H.; Home, P.; Mtalo, F. Impacts of land-use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River Kenya/Tanzania. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management, 2008, 13: 169-177.
[10] Onjira P. Application of Remote sensing and Rainfall-Run-off Inundation Modeling to Near-Real Time Flood Monitoring in Kenya, 2014. Thesis for: Disaster Mangement, Advisor: Dr. Takahiro Sayama, DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.1283.3046
[11] Van Loon, A.; Droogers, P. Water Evaluation and Planning System Kitui – Kenya, 2006.
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[13] Yates, D.; Sieber, J.; Purkey, D. WEAP21 – A Demand-, Priority-, and Preference-Driven Water Planning Model. International Water Resources Association. International Water Resources Association Water International, 2005, 5 (4), 487–500.
[14] Akivanga, E. M.; Otieno, F., Kipkorir, E.; Kibiiy, S. Impact of introducing reserve flows on abstractive uses in a water stressed catchment in Kenya: Application of WEAP 21 Model. International Journal of the Physical Sciences, 2010, 5 (16), 2441-2449.
[15] Jenkins, M., Marques, G. F., Lelo, F. K., & Miller, S. N. (May 15-19, 2005). WEAP as a Participatory Tool for Shared Vision Planning in the River Njoro Watershed in Kenya. World Water and Environmental Resources Congress. Anchorage, Alaska: ASCE.
[16] Mourad, K. M.; Alshihabi, O. Assessment of future Syrian water resources supply and demand by WEAP model. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 2016, 61 (2), 393-401 DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2014.999779.
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[20] Mduma, S. A.; Sinclair, A. R.; Hilborn, R. Food regulates the Serengeti wildebeest: a 40-year record. Journal of Animal. Ecology, 1999, 68: 1101–1122.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa, Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad, Lars Ribbe. (2018). Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 3(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12

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    ACS Style

    Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa; Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad; Lars Ribbe. Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2018, 3(1), 9-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12

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    AMA Style

    Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa, Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad, Lars Ribbe. Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2018;3(1):9-18. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12,
      author = {Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa and Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad and Lars Ribbe},
      title = {Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya},
      journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
      volume = {3},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-18},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20180301.12},
      abstract = {The competing water uses within the Mara River Basin MRB has increased water demand, which has affected the Mara river. In this paper, water resources and demands were modelled using Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP), by which different methods and strategies were assessed to mitigate the overuse practices from the Mara river. For this, water uses and resources in the basin were quantified and mapped in regard to their current and future statuses taking 2010 as a reference year for the simulation’ scenarios up to 2045. The Parameter Estimation Tool (PEST) was used to calibrate the model. The results showed that the total water demand within the basin under the reference scenario was 4.91 BCM, the demand dropped to 4.1 BCM under the ¨Demand Management Strategy DMS scenario and to 3.5 BCM under the Enhanced Policy Implementation and DMS scenario. The results also showed that the proposed DMS could increase water sustainability by reducing water demands at the basin.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Water Demand Simulation Using WEAP 21: A Case Study of the Mara River Basin, Kenya
    AU  - Osoro George Marcellus Metobwa
    AU  - Khaldoon Abdalah Mourad
    AU  - Lars Ribbe
    Y1  - 2018/01/16
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12
    T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 18
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3061
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20180301.12
    AB  - The competing water uses within the Mara River Basin MRB has increased water demand, which has affected the Mara river. In this paper, water resources and demands were modelled using Water Evaluation and Planning system (WEAP), by which different methods and strategies were assessed to mitigate the overuse practices from the Mara river. For this, water uses and resources in the basin were quantified and mapped in regard to their current and future statuses taking 2010 as a reference year for the simulation’ scenarios up to 2045. The Parameter Estimation Tool (PEST) was used to calibrate the model. The results showed that the total water demand within the basin under the reference scenario was 4.91 BCM, the demand dropped to 4.1 BCM under the ¨Demand Management Strategy DMS scenario and to 3.5 BCM under the Enhanced Policy Implementation and DMS scenario. The results also showed that the proposed DMS could increase water sustainability by reducing water demands at the basin.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (Including Climate Change), University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

  • Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (Including Climate Change), University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria

  • The Institute for Technology & Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Applied Sciences, Cologne, Germany

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