Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan

Nedal Babiker Alawad; Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi; Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed; Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan

Nedal Babiker Alawad, Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla

Published in International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 14 May 2019 Accepted: 18 July 2019 Published: 31 July 2019

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Abstract

Background: Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure and kidney failure [1]. Worldwide, hypertension is estimated to cause (7.5) million deaths, about (12.8%) of the total of all deaths. In Africa, however, more than (40%) (And up to 50%) of adults in many countries are estimated to have hypertension [2]. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypertension and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) in hypertensive Sudanese males and females in Khartoum State. Material and Methods: Study Approach is A quantitative approach was used to measure Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ in hypertensive Sudanese patients in period from March to Augustus 2018. The study was designed as prospective, hospitals/laboratory based study, this study was performed in different hospitals at Khartoum State. This study was include 30 blood samples collected from patients with hypertension, the restriction of the sample size to (30) subjects is due to lack of financial support. Data was collected using questionnaire. Two and half ml from venous blood sample was collected in heparin container, by using sterile disposable plastic syringes and aseptic condition, vein puncture technique was applied. The sample was centrifuged at (3500 rpm) for (5 minute), and reading. A quantitative method can be used to measuring Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentration by used semi automation method by used spectrophotometer instrument, and the level of Na⁺ and K⁺ is determined by methodology is based on the selective electrode measurement (SLE) principle to precisely determine measurement values. Results: This study presented that there were non-significant correlations between levels of (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) of hypertensive patients compared to normal range. The illustrated that there were non-significant correlations between age, duration, social status, gander, job, education status of hypertensive tested group. The study revealed that there was a finding referring to significant correlation between level of (magnesium) and economic status of test group, but non-significant in (sodium, potassium, magnesium). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study was demonstrated the non-significant correlation between serum electrolyte and hypertension tested group compared with normal range. Also the study was not finding any correlation or effect of age, gender, duration of disease and education status of hypertensive patients on serum electrolytes levels, but depended on the finding of results study was presented prevailed significant correlation with economic status of tested group and level of magnesium serum. From this study concluded there was non physiological alteration in electrolytes balance in patients of hypertension.

Published in	International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
Page(s)	31-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hypertension, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sudanese

References

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[2]	WHO b (2015) Global Health Observatory (GHO) data, Raised blood pressure, Situation and trends. 11: 54 pm.
[3]	Fares, A (2013). "Winter Hypertension: Potential mechanisms". International journal of health sciences. 7 (2): 210–9. doi: 10.12816/0006044. PMC 3883610. PMID 24421749.
[4]	The fact about high Blood Pressure National Center for Chronic CDC: Deaths: Final Data for 2009www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_03. 12: Am.
[5]	Gennari FJ (2002). Disorders of potassium homeostasis. Hypokalemia and hyperkalemia. Crit Care Clin. 2002; 18: 273–88.
[6]	Sheen, E; Triadafilopoulos, G (2011). "Adverse effects of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy". Digestive diseases and sciences. 56 (4): 931–50. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1560-3.
[7]	Thomas, D; Barry, et al (2009). Definition and Classification of. The journal of clinical hypertension. 611-614.
[8]	Ayus JC, Moritz ML (2010). "Bone disease as a new complication of hyponatremia: moving beyond brain injury". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5 (2): 167–8. doi: 10.2215/CJN. 09281209. PMID 20089487.
[9]	Giles TD, Berk BC, et al (2015). On behalf of the Hypertension Writing Group. Expanding the definition and classification of hypertension. Hypertension. 2005; 7: 505–512.
[10]	Minisola, S; Pepe, J; et al (2015). "The diagnosis and management of hypercalcaemia". BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 350: h2723. doi: 10.1136/bmj.h2723. PMID 26037642.
[11]	Doherty, J (exclusive editor); Kenney, J. Mohr man; S (c. attributing editors) Shanta, V; Yovin, L (copy editors): (2007) Communicating Food for. Health www.foodandhealth.com; 2007: 42-487 "High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet". CDC. 19 February 2015. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
[12]	Lackland, DT; Weber, MA (2015). "Global burden of cardiovascular disease and stroke: hypertension at the core". The Canadian journal of cardiology. 31 (5): 569-71. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca. 2015.01.009. PMID 25795106.
[13]	Poulter, NR; Prabhakaran, D; et al (2015). "Hypertension". Lancet. 386 (9995): 801–12. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736 (14) 61468-9. PMID 25832858.
[14]	LeMone, Priscilla; Burke, Karen; et al (2015). Medical-Surgical Nursing. Pearson Higher Education AU. p. 237. ISBN 9781486014408. Archived from the original on 2016-10-02.
[15]	Viering, Daan H. H. M.; Baaij, et al (2016). "Genetic causes of hypomagnesemia, a clinical overview". Pediatric Nephrology: 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s00467-016-3416-3. ISSN 0931-041X.

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Nedal Babiker Alawad, Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. (2019). Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 5(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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ACS Style

Nedal Babiker Alawad; Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi; Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed; Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. Int. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 2019, 5(2), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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AMA Style

Nedal Babiker Alawad, Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. Int J Neurol Phys Ther. 2019;5(2):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11,
  author = {Nedal Babiker Alawad and Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi and Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed and Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla},
  title = {Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  abstract = {Background: Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure and kidney failure [1]. Worldwide, hypertension is estimated to cause (7.5) million deaths, about (12.8%) of the total of all deaths. In Africa, however, more than (40%) (And up to 50%) of adults in many countries are estimated to have hypertension [2]. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypertension and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) in hypertensive Sudanese males and females in Khartoum State. Material and Methods: Study Approach is A quantitative approach was used to measure Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in hypertensive Sudanese patients in period from March to Augustus 2018. The study was designed as prospective, hospitals/laboratory based study, this study was performed in different hospitals at Khartoum State. This study was include 30 blood samples collected from patients with hypertension, the restriction of the sample size to (30) subjects is due to lack of financial support. Data was collected using questionnaire. Two and half ml from venous blood sample was collected in heparin container, by using sterile disposable plastic syringes and aseptic condition, vein puncture technique was applied. The sample was centrifuged at (3500 rpm) for (5 minute), and reading. A quantitative method can be used to measuring Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration by used semi automation method by used spectrophotometer instrument, and the level of Na+ and K+ is determined by methodology is based on the selective electrode measurement (SLE) principle to precisely determine measurement values. Results: This study presented that there were non-significant correlations between levels of (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) of hypertensive patients compared to normal range. The illustrated that there were non-significant correlations between age, duration, social status, gander, job, education status of hypertensive tested group. The study revealed that there was a finding referring to significant correlation between level of (magnesium) and economic status of test group, but non-significant in (sodium, potassium, magnesium). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study was demonstrated the non-significant correlation between serum electrolyte and hypertension tested group compared with normal range. Also the study was not finding any correlation or effect of age, gender, duration of disease and education status of hypertensive patients on serum electrolytes levels, but depended on the finding of results study was presented prevailed significant correlation with economic status of tested group and level of magnesium serum. From this study concluded there was non physiological alteration in electrolytes balance in patients of hypertension.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan
AU  - Nedal Babiker Alawad
AU  - Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi
AU  - Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed
AU  - Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla
Y1  - 2019/07/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
T2  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1778
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
AB  - Background: Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure and kidney failure [1]. Worldwide, hypertension is estimated to cause (7.5) million deaths, about (12.8%) of the total of all deaths. In Africa, however, more than (40%) (And up to 50%) of adults in many countries are estimated to have hypertension [2]. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypertension and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) in hypertensive Sudanese males and females in Khartoum State. Material and Methods: Study Approach is A quantitative approach was used to measure Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in hypertensive Sudanese patients in period from March to Augustus 2018. The study was designed as prospective, hospitals/laboratory based study, this study was performed in different hospitals at Khartoum State. This study was include 30 blood samples collected from patients with hypertension, the restriction of the sample size to (30) subjects is due to lack of financial support. Data was collected using questionnaire. Two and half ml from venous blood sample was collected in heparin container, by using sterile disposable plastic syringes and aseptic condition, vein puncture technique was applied. The sample was centrifuged at (3500 rpm) for (5 minute), and reading. A quantitative method can be used to measuring Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration by used semi automation method by used spectrophotometer instrument, and the level of Na+ and K+ is determined by methodology is based on the selective electrode measurement (SLE) principle to precisely determine measurement values. Results: This study presented that there were non-significant correlations between levels of (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) of hypertensive patients compared to normal range. The illustrated that there were non-significant correlations between age, duration, social status, gander, job, education status of hypertensive tested group. The study revealed that there was a finding referring to significant correlation between level of (magnesium) and economic status of test group, but non-significant in (sodium, potassium, magnesium). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study was demonstrated the non-significant correlation between serum electrolyte and hypertension tested group compared with normal range. Also the study was not finding any correlation or effect of age, gender, duration of disease and education status of hypertensive patients on serum electrolytes levels, but depended on the finding of results study was presented prevailed significant correlation with economic status of tested group and level of magnesium serum. From this study concluded there was non physiological alteration in electrolytes balance in patients of hypertension.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nedal Babiker Alawad

Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan
Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi

Department of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Laboratory Science Program, Al-Yarmouk College, Khartoum, Sudan
Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed

Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan
Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla

Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shendi University, Shendi, Sudan

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APA Style

Nedal Babiker Alawad, Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. (2019). Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 5(2), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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ACS Style

Nedal Babiker Alawad; Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi; Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed; Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. Int. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 2019, 5(2), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

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AMA Style

Nedal Babiker Alawad, Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi, Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed, Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla. Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan. Int J Neurol Phys Ther. 2019;5(2):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11,
  author = {Nedal Babiker Alawad and Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi and Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed and Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla},
  title = {Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnpt.20190502.11},
  abstract = {Background: Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure and kidney failure [1]. Worldwide, hypertension is estimated to cause (7.5) million deaths, about (12.8%) of the total of all deaths. In Africa, however, more than (40%) (And up to 50%) of adults in many countries are estimated to have hypertension [2]. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypertension and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) in hypertensive Sudanese males and females in Khartoum State. Material and Methods: Study Approach is A quantitative approach was used to measure Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in hypertensive Sudanese patients in period from March to Augustus 2018. The study was designed as prospective, hospitals/laboratory based study, this study was performed in different hospitals at Khartoum State. This study was include 30 blood samples collected from patients with hypertension, the restriction of the sample size to (30) subjects is due to lack of financial support. Data was collected using questionnaire. Two and half ml from venous blood sample was collected in heparin container, by using sterile disposable plastic syringes and aseptic condition, vein puncture technique was applied. The sample was centrifuged at (3500 rpm) for (5 minute), and reading. A quantitative method can be used to measuring Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration by used semi automation method by used spectrophotometer instrument, and the level of Na+ and K+ is determined by methodology is based on the selective electrode measurement (SLE) principle to precisely determine measurement values. Results: This study presented that there were non-significant correlations between levels of (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) of hypertensive patients compared to normal range. The illustrated that there were non-significant correlations between age, duration, social status, gander, job, education status of hypertensive tested group. The study revealed that there was a finding referring to significant correlation between level of (magnesium) and economic status of test group, but non-significant in (sodium, potassium, magnesium). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study was demonstrated the non-significant correlation between serum electrolyte and hypertension tested group compared with normal range. Also the study was not finding any correlation or effect of age, gender, duration of disease and education status of hypertensive patients on serum electrolytes levels, but depended on the finding of results study was presented prevailed significant correlation with economic status of tested group and level of magnesium serum. From this study concluded there was non physiological alteration in electrolytes balance in patients of hypertension.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Serum Electrolytes in Sudanese Hypertensive Patients in Khartoum State-Sudan
AU  - Nedal Babiker Alawad
AU  - Salman Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi
AU  - Abdelwahab Abdien Saeed
AU  - Rashid Eltayeb Abdalla
Y1  - 2019/07/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
T2  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1778
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20190502.11
AB  - Background: Hypertension increases the risk of heart failure and kidney failure [1]. Worldwide, hypertension is estimated to cause (7.5) million deaths, about (12.8%) of the total of all deaths. In Africa, however, more than (40%) (And up to 50%) of adults in many countries are estimated to have hypertension [2]. The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypertension and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) in hypertensive Sudanese males and females in Khartoum State. Material and Methods: Study Approach is A quantitative approach was used to measure Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ in hypertensive Sudanese patients in period from March to Augustus 2018. The study was designed as prospective, hospitals/laboratory based study, this study was performed in different hospitals at Khartoum State. This study was include 30 blood samples collected from patients with hypertension, the restriction of the sample size to (30) subjects is due to lack of financial support. Data was collected using questionnaire. Two and half ml from venous blood sample was collected in heparin container, by using sterile disposable plastic syringes and aseptic condition, vein puncture technique was applied. The sample was centrifuged at (3500 rpm) for (5 minute), and reading. A quantitative method can be used to measuring Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentration by used semi automation method by used spectrophotometer instrument, and the level of Na+ and K+ is determined by methodology is based on the selective electrode measurement (SLE) principle to precisely determine measurement values. Results: This study presented that there were non-significant correlations between levels of (sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium) of hypertensive patients compared to normal range. The illustrated that there were non-significant correlations between age, duration, social status, gander, job, education status of hypertensive tested group. The study revealed that there was a finding referring to significant correlation between level of (magnesium) and economic status of test group, but non-significant in (sodium, potassium, magnesium). Conclusion: Based on the results of the study was demonstrated the non-significant correlation between serum electrolyte and hypertension tested group compared with normal range. Also the study was not finding any correlation or effect of age, gender, duration of disease and education status of hypertensive patients on serum electrolytes levels, but depended on the finding of results study was presented prevailed significant correlation with economic status of tested group and level of magnesium serum. From this study concluded there was non physiological alteration in electrolytes balance in patients of hypertension.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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