X-raying of the Lumbar Spine

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji; Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah; Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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X-raying of the Lumbar Spine

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji, Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah, Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen

Published in International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 24 September 2016 Accepted: 21 November 2016 Published: 12 December 2016

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Abstract

The lumbar spine consists of a series of five building blocks called vertebra, which lies between the thorax and sacrum. Degenerative change of the lumbar spine is a physiological response of the body occurring during the life of an adult. Many of these changes may be asymptomatic and this sometimes makes it difficult to detect the origin of pain. Hence, this paper presented a systematic review of the lumbar spine in the context of gross anatomy, variants, radiographic, pathophysiology and management. This review reported that the lumbar spines are remarkably strong vertebrae with highly flexible tendon, large muscles, and sensitive nerves which help to protect the spinal cord and bear the burden of the body weight. Also, it reported that the major common pathology and anomalies associated with the lumbar spines are Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), Radiculopathy, Spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Conclusively, it emphasized that although several modern techniques exist in the management of various lumbar spine pathologies, but the most reliable and safe procedure is fusion of the spine. It further recommends that prevention strategies such as healthy dietary lifestyles, reducing physical workload at workplace and public health surveillance may help to reduce the incidence of lumbar spine problems.

Published in	International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
Page(s)	24-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vertebrae, Lumbar Spine, Gross Anatomy, Pathophysiology, Management, Healthy Dietary Lifestyles, Physical Workload

References

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[3]	Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P (1997). The vertebral canal, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and segmental innervation. Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P, eds. Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. Chapters 12-13.
[4]	Blake, G. M., J. C. Parker, F. M. A. Buxton, and I. Fogelman (1993). Dual x-ray absorptiometry: A comparison between fan beam and pencil beam scans. Br. J. Radiol. 66: 902–906. [PubMed].
[5]	Wang VY1, and Chou D (2007). The cervicothoracic junction. NeurosurgClin N Am. Apr; 18(2): 365-71. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17556139.
[6]	Hall-Craggs ECB (1990). Anatomy as a Basis for Clinical Medicine. 2nd ed. Baltimore, Md: Urban &Schwarzenberg.
[7]	Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Bernard TN Jr (1999). The anatomy of the lumbosacral spine. Managing Low Back Pain. 4th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1999. Chapter 2.
[8]	Moore KL, Dalley AF. Back (2004). Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 5th ed. Baltimore, Md: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. chapter 4.
[9]	Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P (1997). The vertebral canal, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and segmental innervation. Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P, eds. Hollinshead's Textbook of Anatomy. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven. Chapters 12-13.
[10]	Wong DA, Transfeldt E (2007). Musculoskeletal anatomy, neuroanatomy, and biomechanics of the lumbar spine. Wong DA, Transfeldt E, eds. Macnab's Backache. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. chapter 1.
[11]	Harrison, D. E., Harrison, D. D., Cailliet, R., Janik, T. J., & Holland, B. (2001). Radiographic Analysis of Lumbar Lordosis. Spine. http://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200106010-00003.
[12]	Bogduk N (1976). The anatomy of the lumbar intervertebral disc syndrome. Med J Aust. Jun 5. 1(23):878-81. [Medline].
[13]	Fischer L. R., Culver, D. G., Tennart, P., Davies A. A., Wang, M. A., Castellan Sanchez, A., Khan, I., Polak, M. A., and Glass, I. D. (2004). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a distal axonopathy: evidence in mice and man. Exp. Neurol 185, 232–240.
[14]	Asch HL, Lewis PJ, Moreland DB, Egnatchik JG, Yu YJ, Clabeaux DE, Hyland AH (2002). Prospective multiple outcomes study of outpatient lumbar microdiscectomy: should 75 to 80% success rates be the norm? J Neurosurg. 96: 34–44. [PubMed].
[15]	Atlas, S. J., Chang, Y., Kammann, E., Keller, R. B., Deyo, R. A., Singer, D. E (2000). Long term disability and return to work among patients who have a herniated lumbar disc: the effect of disability compensation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 82: 4-15, 2000.
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[17]	Atlas SJ, and Deyo RA (2001). Evaluating and managing acute low back pain in the primary care setting. J Gen Intern Med; 16: 120–31.

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APA Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji, Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah, Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. (2016). X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 2(4), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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ACS Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji; Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah; Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. Int. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 2016, 2(4), 24-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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AMA Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji, Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah, Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. Int J Neurol Phys Ther. 2016;2(4):24-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11,
  author = {Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji and Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah and Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen},
  title = {X-raying of the Lumbar Spine},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {24-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  abstract = {The lumbar spine consists of a series of five building blocks called vertebra, which lies between the thorax and sacrum. Degenerative change of the lumbar spine is a physiological response of the body occurring during the life of an adult. Many of these changes may be asymptomatic and this sometimes makes it difficult to detect the origin of pain. Hence, this paper presented a systematic review of the lumbar spine in the context of gross anatomy, variants, radiographic, pathophysiology and management. This review reported that the lumbar spines are remarkably strong vertebrae with highly flexible tendon, large muscles, and sensitive nerves which help to protect the spinal cord and bear the burden of the body weight. Also, it reported that the major common pathology and anomalies associated with the lumbar spines are Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), Radiculopathy, Spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Conclusively, it emphasized that although several modern techniques exist in the management of various lumbar spine pathologies, but the most reliable and safe procedure is fusion of the spine. It further recommends that prevention strategies such as healthy dietary lifestyles, reducing physical workload at workplace and public health surveillance may help to reduce the incidence of lumbar spine problems.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - X-raying of the Lumbar Spine
AU  - Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji
AU  - Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah
AU  - Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen
Y1  - 2016/12/12
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
T2  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
SP  - 24
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1778
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
AB  - The lumbar spine consists of a series of five building blocks called vertebra, which lies between the thorax and sacrum. Degenerative change of the lumbar spine is a physiological response of the body occurring during the life of an adult. Many of these changes may be asymptomatic and this sometimes makes it difficult to detect the origin of pain. Hence, this paper presented a systematic review of the lumbar spine in the context of gross anatomy, variants, radiographic, pathophysiology and management. This review reported that the lumbar spines are remarkably strong vertebrae with highly flexible tendon, large muscles, and sensitive nerves which help to protect the spinal cord and bear the burden of the body weight. Also, it reported that the major common pathology and anomalies associated with the lumbar spines are Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), Radiculopathy, Spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Conclusively, it emphasized that although several modern techniques exist in the management of various lumbar spine pathologies, but the most reliable and safe procedure is fusion of the spine. It further recommends that prevention strategies such as healthy dietary lifestyles, reducing physical workload at workplace and public health surveillance may help to reduce the incidence of lumbar spine problems.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University (LAUTECH), Ogbomosho, Nigeria
Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji, Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah, Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. (2016). X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 2(4), 24-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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ACS Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji; Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah; Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. Int. J. Neurol. Phys. Ther. 2016, 2(4), 24-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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AMA Style

Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji, Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah, Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen. X-raying of the Lumbar Spine. Int J Neurol Phys Ther. 2016;2(4):24-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11,
  author = {Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji and Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah and Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen},
  title = {X-raying of the Lumbar Spine},
  journal = {International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {24-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnpt.20160204.11},
  abstract = {The lumbar spine consists of a series of five building blocks called vertebra, which lies between the thorax and sacrum. Degenerative change of the lumbar spine is a physiological response of the body occurring during the life of an adult. Many of these changes may be asymptomatic and this sometimes makes it difficult to detect the origin of pain. Hence, this paper presented a systematic review of the lumbar spine in the context of gross anatomy, variants, radiographic, pathophysiology and management. This review reported that the lumbar spines are remarkably strong vertebrae with highly flexible tendon, large muscles, and sensitive nerves which help to protect the spinal cord and bear the burden of the body weight. Also, it reported that the major common pathology and anomalies associated with the lumbar spines are Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), Radiculopathy, Spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Conclusively, it emphasized that although several modern techniques exist in the management of various lumbar spine pathologies, but the most reliable and safe procedure is fusion of the spine. It further recommends that prevention strategies such as healthy dietary lifestyles, reducing physical workload at workplace and public health surveillance may help to reduce the incidence of lumbar spine problems.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - X-raying of the Lumbar Spine
AU  - Sokan–Adeaga Micheal Ayodeji
AU  - Sokan-Adeaga Eniola Deborah
AU  - Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen
Y1  - 2016/12/12
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
T2  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JF  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
JO  - International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy
SP  - 24
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1778
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20160204.11
AB  - The lumbar spine consists of a series of five building blocks called vertebra, which lies between the thorax and sacrum. Degenerative change of the lumbar spine is a physiological response of the body occurring during the life of an adult. Many of these changes may be asymptomatic and this sometimes makes it difficult to detect the origin of pain. Hence, this paper presented a systematic review of the lumbar spine in the context of gross anatomy, variants, radiographic, pathophysiology and management. This review reported that the lumbar spines are remarkably strong vertebrae with highly flexible tendon, large muscles, and sensitive nerves which help to protect the spinal cord and bear the burden of the body weight. Also, it reported that the major common pathology and anomalies associated with the lumbar spines are Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP), Radiculopathy, Spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV). Conclusively, it emphasized that although several modern techniques exist in the management of various lumbar spine pathologies, but the most reliable and safe procedure is fusion of the spine. It further recommends that prevention strategies such as healthy dietary lifestyles, reducing physical workload at workplace and public health surveillance may help to reduce the incidence of lumbar spine problems.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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