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Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia

Received: 10 August 2018     Accepted: 4 September 2018     Published: 28 September 2018
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Abstract

Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.

Published in International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
Page(s) 155-159
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cambodia, School-Aged Children, Recommended Dietary Allowance, Development, Reference Weight

References
[1] National Institute of Statistics, Ministry of Planning, Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey 2013. Phonm Penh, 2013. Available at http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/ci_fn02.pdf(Accessed June 1, 2018).
[2] E-Siong Tee, Rodolfo F. Florentino, Recommended dietary allowances: Harmonization in Southeast Asia. International Life Sciences Institute, Singapore, 2005. Available at http://ilsisea-region.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/06/ILSI-SEAR-Monograph-ASEAN-RDAs.pdf. (Accessed June 1, 2018).
[3] Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR), Development of Recommended Dietary Allowance and Food Based Dietary Guidelines for school-aged children in Cambodia 2017. Available at http://www.fao.org/3/I9704EN/i9704en.pdf (Accessed June 8, 2018).
[4] E-Siong Tee, 1998. Current Status of Recommended Dietary Allowances in Southeast Asia: A Regional Overview. Nutrition Reviews 56, 10-18. doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1998.tb01709.x.
[5] Puwastien P, Burlingame B, Raroengwichit M, Sungpuag P, ASEAN Food Composition Tables 2000. Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand, 2000.
[6] INFOODS, SMILING food composition table for Cambodia. 2013. Available at http://www.fao.org/infoods/infoods/tables-and-databases/asia/en/. (Accessed June 1, 2018).
[7] WHO, Energy and protein requirements: Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 724. Geneva, 1985.
[8] FAO, Human energy requirements. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation. 17-24. Rome, 2001.
[9] WHO, Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2012.
[10] WHO, Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva, 2012.
[11] WHO, Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 916. Geneva, 2003.
[12] Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (Scientific Committee of Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese), Dietary reference intakes for Japanese (2015 revision). Tokyo, 2014. (in Japanese).
[13] Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1997. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK109825/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK109825.pdf (Accessed May 30, 2018).
[14] Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Nutrition, Council for Public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese. Tokyo, 1959. (in Japanese).
[15] Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Nutrition, Council for Public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (1969 revision). Tokyo, 1969. (in Japanese).
[16] Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Health Promotion, Council for public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (5th revision). Tokyo, 1994. (in Japanese).
[17] Ministry of Health and Welfare (Section of Health Promotion, Council for public Health), Recommended dietary allowance for Japanese (6th revision). Tokyo, 1999. (in Japanese).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. (2018). Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 7(5), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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    ACS Style

    Yoko Horiuchi; Kaoru Kusama; Hiroko Oji; Sar Kanha; Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2018, 7(5), 155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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    AMA Style

    Yoko Horiuchi, Kaoru Kusama, Hiroko Oji, Sar Kanha, Nobuo Yoshiike. Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2018;7(5):155-159. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11,
      author = {Yoko Horiuchi and Kaoru Kusama and Hiroko Oji and Sar Kanha and Nobuo Yoshiike},
      title = {Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia},
      journal = {International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {5},
      pages = {155-159},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnfs.20180705.11},
      abstract = {Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Short Communication: Recommended Dietary Allowance for School-Aged Children in Cambodia
    AU  - Yoko Horiuchi
    AU  - Kaoru Kusama
    AU  - Hiroko Oji
    AU  - Sar Kanha
    AU  - Nobuo Yoshiike
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    JF  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences
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    EP  - 159
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2716
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20180705.11
    AB  - Nutrient standards have not been developed for school-aged children in Cambodia, which has led to a lack of basic nutritional education and feeding programs in schools. This article highlights the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for school-aged children in Cambodia, which was developed by the Ministry of Health in 2016 with the participation of representatives from relevant government agencies, international organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Because of the limited amount of data and scientific knowledge specified for Cambodia, this new RDA (CAM-RDA) was based on Southeast Asian RDAs (SEA-RDA) and used extrapolation methods shown in various guidelines such as those of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations, Japan, or the USA/Canada. First, the Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR) conducted a nutritional survey using a 24-h dietary method combined with anthropometric measurements among 2,020 children aged 6–17 years throughout Cambodia between November 2014 and July 2015 (CAM-data). The body weight and height values recorded were much lower than the reference values used in SEA-RDA. Therefore, an estimated ideal weight was determined as the reference value for CAM-RDA; that is, the intermediate value between of the reference value from SEA-RDA and the median value from the CAM-data was set to the reference weight values to calculate the requirements for energy and 19 nutrients in the CAM-RDA. Because an increase in body weight of Cambodian children is expected in the future due to nutrition transition, the reference values should be reviewed. We hope that the CAM-RDA will help in guiding the national nutritional policies in Cambodia.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan

  • Department of Food and Health sciences, Faculty of Health and Human Development, The University of Nagano, Nagano, Japan

  • NOM POPOK, Phnom Penh, Cambodia

  • Foundation for International Development/Relief (FIDR), Phnom Penh, Cambodia

  • Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori, Japan

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