Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures

Viktor Novikov; Mark Levin; Vyacheslav Pevgov; Viktor Ulyanov

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures

Viktor Novikov, Mark Levin, Vyacheslav Pevgov, Viktor Ulyanov

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 1)

Received: 11 April 2019 Accepted: 30 May 2019 Published: 12 June 2019

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Abstract

The experimental results analysis of a metals property changes under vacancy-cluster structure effects are shown. Two technological approaches of such structures obtaining are considered. The first is a nanopowders compaction under high (up to 5GPa) hydrostatic compression, on example of a Ni nanopowder (70nm). The second is the Al and Pb crystallization under the high-intensity plastic deformation [ε¢ = (10²-10⁴) sec^-1] (НIPD) conditions on the "solid-liquid" boundary in the centrifugal casting machine with rotary speed up to 2000 rpm. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM), vacancy cluster tubes (VCT) with average diameters of 39 nm for Al and 25 nm for Pb have been detected in the crystallized volume of Al and Pb metals. Discussed the physical model of a new substructure formation within the metals in the form of vacancy cluster tubes, obtained in the process of high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb and the changes in the mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties of the above metals, which followed this process. During Al and Pb crystallization under high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) range about [ε′ = (10²–10⁴) sec^-1] with specially selected modes of metals crystallization in high-speed centrifugal casting machine the special conditions are being created to achieve the dimensional effect of dynamic (shifting) re-crystallization. Shifting deformation during centrifugal crystallization caused primarily by a large incline of the temperature field from the periphery (relative to the cold wall of the rotor) to the molten central part of the rotor. The difference in the angular velocities of the already-frozen part of the metal (adjacent to the outer surface of the rotor wall) and the central part, where the metal still remains in the molten state, leads to a high-intensity deformation [ε′ = (10²–10⁴) sec^-1] of the crystallized metal melt solidified phase. Since the grain sizes at the crystallized phase initially comprise around tens of nano-meters (approximately crystal nucleation size), it becomes possible to achieve the dimensional effect of the dynamic re-crystallization of a «nanocrystalline» solidified metal at high shift of strain velocities. The ≪non-equilibrium vacancies≫ formed this way condense into vacancy clusters, which are formed in the centrifugal force field in the form of vacancy-shaped cluster tubes stretched out to the center of rotation of the rotor. The process proceeds under conditions far from the equilibrium in comparison with the usual crystallization of the metal from the melt. Such processes can lead to the formation of highly ordered non-equilibrium statescharacteristic of non-equilibrium open systems. Discussed the physical model of a metals vacancy-cluster structures formation at high hydrostatic nanopowders compression (up to 5 GPa) and high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) at the stage of Al and Pb alloys mass crystallization during centrifugation. Conclusion of the article is that the high-intensity plastic deformation (НIPD) at the melt crystallization stage against a background of high stationary nonequilibrium vacancies concentration brings to the new type of the elements structure formation - vacancy cluster tubes (VCT). A comparative analysis of mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties changes for structured metals introduced.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
Page(s)	1-11
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vacancy Clusters, Vacancy-Cluster Structure, Intense Plastic Deformation, Dynamic Recrystallization, Nonequilibrium Vacancies, Vacancy Cluster Tubes, Solid-Phase Recrystallization

References

[1]	V. I. Novikov, L. I. Trusov, V. G. Gryaznov, etc. “Dimensional effect of recrystallization. Surface” \\Physics, chemistry, mechanics. 1986. №1, 134-139 pp.
[2]	V. I. Novikov, V. N. Lapovok, S. V. Svirida et al. “Formation of nonequilibrium vacancies in ultrafine Nickel powder under plastic flow under pressure” \\Physics of metals and metallology. 1984. Vol. 57, Issue 4, 718-721pp.
[3]	V. I. Novikov, L. I. Trusov, V. G. Gryaznov, “Solid-phase transformations, initiated by the migrating boundaries" \\Sat. The growth of crystals. Red. Givargizov E. I. and Greenberg S. A., Vol. 17 (1988) Science. M. S, 69-86 pp.
[4]	L. I. Trusov, V. I. Novikov, Y. A. Lopukhov, V. N. Lapovok, “Recrystallization in ultrafine systems” \\Physicochemistry of ultradispersed systems.-M.: Science. 1987. 67-74 pp.
[5]	J. E. Geguzin, L. N. Paritskaya, V. V. Bogdanov, V. I. Novikov “The features of recrystallization of ultrafine powder during sintering" \\Physics of metals and metallurgy. 1983. Vol. 55, issue 4, 768-773 pp.
[6]	V. N. Lapovok, V. I. Novikov, S. V. Svirida, etc. “Formation of nonequilibrium vacancies during recrystallization of ultrafine powder of Nickel” \\FIZ. 1983. Vol. 25, issue 6, 1846-1848 pp.
[7]	S. S. Gorelik, M. S. Blanter, “Education job at recrystallization” \\Izv. USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Metals. 1982. №2, 90-93 pp.
[8]	G. Gleiter, B. Chalmers, ‘Large-Angle grain boundaries” \\M.: World, 1975. 374 p.
[9]	V. M. Ievlev, “Thin films of inorganic materials: growth mechanism and structure: studies”, \\Benefit. - Voronezh: Ed. VSU. 2008. 496 p.
[10]	W. M. Kosevich, V. M. Ievlev, L. S. Palatnik, A. I. Fedorenko, “Structure of intergranular and interphase boundaries” \\M.: Metallurgy. 1980. 256 p.
[11]	V. I. Novikov and V. Ya. Ganelin, L. I. Trusov, etc. “The Effect of dilatation in the ultrafine crystal recrystallization in Nickel” \\Solid State Physics. 1986. Vol. 28, №4, 1251-1254 pp.
[12]	J. Friedel, “Dislocations” \\M.: World. 1967. 643p.
[13]	V. I. Novikov, V. Ya. Ganelin, L. I. Trusov, etc. “Inhibition of recrystallization of ultrafine Ni powder under high hydrostatic pressure” \\Physics of metals. 1986. Vol. 8. B, 2p. 111-113 pp.
[14]	L. I. Trusov, V. I. Novikov, I. A. Repin, E. E. Kazilin, V. Ya. Ganelin, “Deformation of Ni ultrafine structure” \\Physics of metals. 1988. Vol. 10, №1, 104-107 рр.
[15]	L. I. Trusov and T. P. Khvostantseva, V. A. Solov'ev, V. A. Mel'nikova, “Low temperature stress relaxation of nanocrystalline nickel” \\Journal of Materials Science. 1995. V. 30, №11, pp. 2956-2961.
[16]	L. I. Trusov, T. P. Khvostantseva, V. A. Solov'ev, V. A. Mel'nikova, “Stress relaxation following heating of nanocrystalline nickel” \\Nanostructured Materials. 1994. V. 4, №7, 803-813 pp.
[17]	R. Z. Valiev, Z. Z. Mulikov, H. Y. Mulikov, V. I. Novikov, L. I. Trusov, “Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of Nickel with subgrain structure” \\Technical physics letters. 1989. Volume 15, vol. 1, 78-81 pp.
[18]	Y. I. Tarasov, V. V. Kryachko, V. I. Novikov, “Development of new structured materials for aerospace industry” \\Sat. scientific. article on the materials of the V International scientific.- prakt. Conf. "Academic Zhukovsky reading". 22-23 Nov 2107. Voronezh: VUNTS VVS "VVA". 2018. 255-257 pp.
[19]	Y. I. Tarasov, V. V. Kryachko, V. I. Novikov, “Structuring Features at mass crystallization of melts Al and Pb under conditions of high-intensity plastic deformation during centrifugation” \\Condensed matter and interphase boundaries. 2018. Vol. 20, №1б, 125-134 pp.
[20]	Y. I. Tarasov, V. V. Kryachko, V. I. Novikov, “Peculiarities of structuring during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb melts under conditions of high-intensity plastic deformation during centrifugation” \\Book of abstract of the XIV International Conference on Nanostructured Materials (NANO 2018) 24-29 June, 2018. "City University of Hong Kong", 57 p.
[21]	V. I. Novikov, “Peculiarities of structuring during the process of mass crystallization of Al, Pb, Zn melts under conditions of high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) during centrifugation” \\2018 Russia Advanced Technology Transfer Matchmaking Conference and ACCICB International ST Project Meeting. Sep. 25, 2018. Deijing. 12-15 p.
[22]	V. I. Novikov, B. V. Spitsyn, E. M. Soloviev and others, “The physical model of the formation of vacancy cluster of tubes and change the properties of metals at dynamic centrifugal casting” \\International scientific journal "Alternative energy and ecology". 2016. № 15-18 (203-208), 96-103 pp.
[23]	Y. I. Tarasov, V. V. Kryachko, V. I. Novikov, “The Vacancy Cluster Tubes Formation and Metal Properties Changes After Dynamic Centrifugal Casting” \\American Journal of Modern Physics. 2018. Vol. 7, № 6, 194-202 pp.
[24]	Haken G. Synergetics, “Hierarchies of instabilities in self-organizing systems and devices”. \\M.: World. 1985. 419 p.

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Viktor Novikov, Mark Levin, Vyacheslav Pevgov, Viktor Ulyanov. (2019). Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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ACS Style

Viktor Novikov; Mark Levin; Vyacheslav Pevgov; Viktor Ulyanov. Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2019, 8(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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AMA Style

Viktor Novikov, Mark Levin, Vyacheslav Pevgov, Viktor Ulyanov. Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2019;8(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11,
  author = {Viktor Novikov and Mark Levin and Vyacheslav Pevgov and Viktor Ulyanov},
  title = {Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  abstract = {The experimental results analysis of a metals property changes under vacancy-cluster structure effects are shown. Two technological approaches of such structures obtaining are considered. The first is a nanopowders compaction under high (up to 5GPa) hydrostatic compression, on example of a Ni nanopowder (70nm). The second is the Al and Pb crystallization under the high-intensity plastic deformation [ε¢ = (102-104) sec-1] (НIPD) conditions on the "solid-liquid" boundary in the centrifugal casting machine with rotary speed up to 2000 rpm. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM), vacancy cluster tubes (VCT) with average diameters of 39 nm for Al and 25 nm for Pb have been detected in the crystallized volume of Al and Pb metals. Discussed the physical model of a new substructure formation within the metals in the form of vacancy cluster tubes, obtained in the process of high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb and the changes in the mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties of the above metals, which followed this process. During Al and Pb crystallization under high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) range about [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] with specially selected modes of metals crystallization in high-speed centrifugal casting machine the special conditions are being created to achieve the dimensional effect of dynamic (shifting) re-crystallization. Shifting deformation during centrifugal crystallization caused primarily by a large incline of the temperature field from the periphery (relative to the cold wall of the rotor) to the molten central part of the rotor. The difference in the angular velocities of the already-frozen part of the metal (adjacent to the outer surface of the rotor wall) and the central part, where the metal still remains in the molten state, leads to a high-intensity deformation [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] of the crystallized metal melt solidified phase. Since the grain sizes at the crystallized phase initially comprise around tens of nano-meters (approximately crystal nucleation size), it becomes possible to achieve the dimensional effect of the dynamic re-crystallization of a «nanocrystalline» solidified metal at high shift of strain velocities. The ≪non-equilibrium vacancies≫ formed this way condense into vacancy clusters, which are formed in the centrifugal force field in the form of vacancy-shaped cluster tubes stretched out to the center of rotation of the rotor. The process proceeds under conditions far from the equilibrium in comparison with the usual crystallization of the metal from the melt. Such processes can lead to the formation of highly ordered non-equilibrium statescharacteristic of non-equilibrium open systems. Discussed the physical model of a metals vacancy-cluster structures formation at high hydrostatic nanopowders compression (up to 5 GPa) and high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) at the stage of Al and Pb alloys mass crystallization during centrifugation. Conclusion of the article is that the high-intensity plastic deformation (НIPD) at the melt crystallization stage against a background of high stationary nonequilibrium vacancies concentration brings to the new type of the elements structure formation - vacancy cluster tubes (VCT). A comparative analysis of mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties changes for structured metals introduced.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures
AU  - Viktor Novikov
AU  - Mark Levin
AU  - Vyacheslav Pevgov
AU  - Viktor Ulyanov
Y1  - 2019/06/12
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
AB  - The experimental results analysis of a metals property changes under vacancy-cluster structure effects are shown. Two technological approaches of such structures obtaining are considered. The first is a nanopowders compaction under high (up to 5GPa) hydrostatic compression, on example of a Ni nanopowder (70nm). The second is the Al and Pb crystallization under the high-intensity plastic deformation [ε¢ = (102-104) sec-1] (НIPD) conditions on the "solid-liquid" boundary in the centrifugal casting machine with rotary speed up to 2000 rpm. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM), vacancy cluster tubes (VCT) with average diameters of 39 nm for Al and 25 nm for Pb have been detected in the crystallized volume of Al and Pb metals. Discussed the physical model of a new substructure formation within the metals in the form of vacancy cluster tubes, obtained in the process of high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb and the changes in the mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties of the above metals, which followed this process. During Al and Pb crystallization under high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) range about [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] with specially selected modes of metals crystallization in high-speed centrifugal casting machine the special conditions are being created to achieve the dimensional effect of dynamic (shifting) re-crystallization. Shifting deformation during centrifugal crystallization caused primarily by a large incline of the temperature field from the periphery (relative to the cold wall of the rotor) to the molten central part of the rotor. The difference in the angular velocities of the already-frozen part of the metal (adjacent to the outer surface of the rotor wall) and the central part, where the metal still remains in the molten state, leads to a high-intensity deformation [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] of the crystallized metal melt solidified phase. Since the grain sizes at the crystallized phase initially comprise around tens of nano-meters (approximately crystal nucleation size), it becomes possible to achieve the dimensional effect of the dynamic re-crystallization of a «nanocrystalline» solidified metal at high shift of strain velocities. The ≪non-equilibrium vacancies≫ formed this way condense into vacancy clusters, which are formed in the centrifugal force field in the form of vacancy-shaped cluster tubes stretched out to the center of rotation of the rotor. The process proceeds under conditions far from the equilibrium in comparison with the usual crystallization of the metal from the melt. Such processes can lead to the formation of highly ordered non-equilibrium statescharacteristic of non-equilibrium open systems. Discussed the physical model of a metals vacancy-cluster structures formation at high hydrostatic nanopowders compression (up to 5 GPa) and high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) at the stage of Al and Pb alloys mass crystallization during centrifugation. Conclusion of the article is that the high-intensity plastic deformation (НIPD) at the melt crystallization stage against a background of high stationary nonequilibrium vacancies concentration brings to the new type of the elements structure formation - vacancy cluster tubes (VCT). A comparative analysis of mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties changes for structured metals introduced.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Viktor Novikov

Department of Innovation Energy Systems “INESYS”, National University of Science and Technology ?MISIS?, Moscow, Russia
Mark Levin

Department of Innovation Energy Systems “INESYS”, National University of Science and Technology ?MISIS?, Moscow, Russia
Vyacheslav Pevgov

Department of Innovation Energy Systems “INESYS”, National University of Science and Technology ?MISIS?, Moscow, Russia
Viktor Ulyanov

Department of Innovation Energy Systems “INESYS”, National University of Science and Technology ?MISIS?, Moscow, Russia

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APA Style

Viktor Novikov, Mark Levin, Vyacheslav Pevgov, Viktor Ulyanov. (2019). Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 8(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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ACS Style

Viktor Novikov; Mark Levin; Vyacheslav Pevgov; Viktor Ulyanov. Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2019, 8(1), 1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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AMA Style

Viktor Novikov, Mark Levin, Vyacheslav Pevgov, Viktor Ulyanov. Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2019;8(1):1-11. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11,
  author = {Viktor Novikov and Mark Levin and Vyacheslav Pevgov and Viktor Ulyanov},
  title = {Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {8},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-11},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20190801.11},
  abstract = {The experimental results analysis of a metals property changes under vacancy-cluster structure effects are shown. Two technological approaches of such structures obtaining are considered. The first is a nanopowders compaction under high (up to 5GPa) hydrostatic compression, on example of a Ni nanopowder (70nm). The second is the Al and Pb crystallization under the high-intensity plastic deformation [ε¢ = (102-104) sec-1] (НIPD) conditions on the "solid-liquid" boundary in the centrifugal casting machine with rotary speed up to 2000 rpm. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM), vacancy cluster tubes (VCT) with average diameters of 39 nm for Al and 25 nm for Pb have been detected in the crystallized volume of Al and Pb metals. Discussed the physical model of a new substructure formation within the metals in the form of vacancy cluster tubes, obtained in the process of high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb and the changes in the mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties of the above metals, which followed this process. During Al and Pb crystallization under high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) range about [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] with specially selected modes of metals crystallization in high-speed centrifugal casting machine the special conditions are being created to achieve the dimensional effect of dynamic (shifting) re-crystallization. Shifting deformation during centrifugal crystallization caused primarily by a large incline of the temperature field from the periphery (relative to the cold wall of the rotor) to the molten central part of the rotor. The difference in the angular velocities of the already-frozen part of the metal (adjacent to the outer surface of the rotor wall) and the central part, where the metal still remains in the molten state, leads to a high-intensity deformation [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] of the crystallized metal melt solidified phase. Since the grain sizes at the crystallized phase initially comprise around tens of nano-meters (approximately crystal nucleation size), it becomes possible to achieve the dimensional effect of the dynamic re-crystallization of a «nanocrystalline» solidified metal at high shift of strain velocities. The ≪non-equilibrium vacancies≫ formed this way condense into vacancy clusters, which are formed in the centrifugal force field in the form of vacancy-shaped cluster tubes stretched out to the center of rotation of the rotor. The process proceeds under conditions far from the equilibrium in comparison with the usual crystallization of the metal from the melt. Such processes can lead to the formation of highly ordered non-equilibrium statescharacteristic of non-equilibrium open systems. Discussed the physical model of a metals vacancy-cluster structures formation at high hydrostatic nanopowders compression (up to 5 GPa) and high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) at the stage of Al and Pb alloys mass crystallization during centrifugation. Conclusion of the article is that the high-intensity plastic deformation (НIPD) at the melt crystallization stage against a background of high stationary nonequilibrium vacancies concentration brings to the new type of the elements structure formation - vacancy cluster tubes (VCT). A comparative analysis of mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties changes for structured metals introduced.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Metals Property Changes Under Effect of Vacancy-Cluster Structures
AU  - Viktor Novikov
AU  - Mark Levin
AU  - Vyacheslav Pevgov
AU  - Viktor Ulyanov
Y1  - 2019/06/12
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20190801.11
AB  - The experimental results analysis of a metals property changes under vacancy-cluster structure effects are shown. Two technological approaches of such structures obtaining are considered. The first is a nanopowders compaction under high (up to 5GPa) hydrostatic compression, on example of a Ni nanopowder (70nm). The second is the Al and Pb crystallization under the high-intensity plastic deformation [ε¢ = (102-104) sec-1] (НIPD) conditions on the "solid-liquid" boundary in the centrifugal casting machine with rotary speed up to 2000 rpm. Using the method of atomic force microscopy (AFM), vacancy cluster tubes (VCT) with average diameters of 39 nm for Al and 25 nm for Pb have been detected in the crystallized volume of Al and Pb metals. Discussed the physical model of a new substructure formation within the metals in the form of vacancy cluster tubes, obtained in the process of high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) during the process of mass crystallization of Al and Pb and the changes in the mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties of the above metals, which followed this process. During Al and Pb crystallization under high-intensive plastic deformation (HIPD) range about [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] with specially selected modes of metals crystallization in high-speed centrifugal casting machine the special conditions are being created to achieve the dimensional effect of dynamic (shifting) re-crystallization. Shifting deformation during centrifugal crystallization caused primarily by a large incline of the temperature field from the periphery (relative to the cold wall of the rotor) to the molten central part of the rotor. The difference in the angular velocities of the already-frozen part of the metal (adjacent to the outer surface of the rotor wall) and the central part, where the metal still remains in the molten state, leads to a high-intensity deformation [ε′ = (102–104) sec-1] of the crystallized metal melt solidified phase. Since the grain sizes at the crystallized phase initially comprise around tens of nano-meters (approximately crystal nucleation size), it becomes possible to achieve the dimensional effect of the dynamic re-crystallization of a «nanocrystalline» solidified metal at high shift of strain velocities. The ≪non-equilibrium vacancies≫ formed this way condense into vacancy clusters, which are formed in the centrifugal force field in the form of vacancy-shaped cluster tubes stretched out to the center of rotation of the rotor. The process proceeds under conditions far from the equilibrium in comparison with the usual crystallization of the metal from the melt. Such processes can lead to the formation of highly ordered non-equilibrium statescharacteristic of non-equilibrium open systems. Discussed the physical model of a metals vacancy-cluster structures formation at high hydrostatic nanopowders compression (up to 5 GPa) and high-intensity plastic deformation (HIPD) at the stage of Al and Pb alloys mass crystallization during centrifugation. Conclusion of the article is that the high-intensity plastic deformation (НIPD) at the melt crystallization stage against a background of high stationary nonequilibrium vacancies concentration brings to the new type of the elements structure formation - vacancy cluster tubes (VCT). A comparative analysis of mechanical, magnetic and superconducting properties changes for structured metals introduced.
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
ER  -

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