Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites

B. NagarajaGanesh; R. Muralikannan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

| Peer-Reviewed

Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites

B. NagarajaGanesh, R. Muralikannan

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 6)

Received: 7 October 2016 Accepted: 3 November 2016 Published: 18 December 2016

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This work is focused to fabricate and characterize hybrid polyester composites containing equal weight percentages of lignocellulosic fruit fibers namely Cocos nucifera and Luffa cylindrica. Samples with four different compositions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) containing random fiber orientation are fabricated using handlayup technique and their effect on the flexural strength and impact strength is studied and compared with their individual counterparts. Enhanced mechanical properties are obtained when the combined weight percentage of both fibers is 30% by weight. This hybrid composite sample is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. Surface morphology of the fractured sample with elemental analysis is studied using scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays. FTIR peaks confirm the presence of biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The thermogram confirms the presence of lignin, an amorphous hydrophobic biopolymer with strong intermolecular, intramolecular hydrogen bond and cross linking of the molecules requiring more energy to breakdown resulting in good thermal stability of the hybrid composites around 200°C. Elemental analysis gives O/C ratio of 0.45 corroborating the lignin presence at the surface.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21
Page(s)	302-307
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hybrid Composites, Lignocellulosic Fibers, Characterization Studies, Mechanical Property, SEM with EDAX

References

[1]	Wambua, Paul, Jan Ivens, and Ignaas Verpoest. (2003). Natural fibres: can they replace glass in fibre reinforced plastics?. Compos. Sci. Tech. 63 (9): 1259-1264.
[2]	Thakur, V. K., M. K. Thakur, and R. K. Gupta. (2014). Review: raw natural fiber–based polymer composites. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact 19 (3): 256-271.
[3]	Jawaid, M., and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. (2011). Cellulosic /synthetic fiber reinforced polymer hybrid composites: A review. Carbohydr. Polym. 86 (1): 1–18.
[4]	Ho, Mei-po, Hao Wang, Joong-Hee Lee, Chun-kit Ho, Kin-tak Lau, Jinsong Leng, and David Hui. (2012). Critical factors on manufacturing processes of natural fibre composites. Compos Part B: Eng 43 (8): 3549-3562.
[5]	Saheb, D. Nabi, and J. P. Jog. "Natural fiber polymer composites: a review.” Adv. Polym. Tech. 18, no. 4 (1999): 351-363.
[6]	Thakur, Vijay Kumar, and Manju Kumari Thakur. (2014) "Processing and characterization of natural cellulose fibers/thermoset polymer composites." Carbohydr. Polym. 109: 102-117.
[7]	NagarajaGanesh, B., and Rekha, B., (2013) “A Comparative Study on Tensile Behaviour of Plant and Animal Fiber Reinforced Composites,” International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 645–648.
[8]	Hussain Barbhuiya, A., and Ismail. K., (2016): Characterization of Hybrid Epoxy Composites Reinforced by Murta and Jute Fibers, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact, DOI: 10.1080/1023666X.2016.1183276.
[9]	Harish, S., D. Peter Michael, A. Bensely, D. Mohan Lal, and A. Rajadurai. (2009). Mechanical property evaluation of natural fiber coir composite. Mater. Character. 60 (1): 44-49.
[10]	NagarajaGanesh, B., and Muralikannan, R., (2016): "Physico-chemical, thermal, and flexural characterization of Cocos nucifera fibers." Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact, 21, no. 3: 244-250.
[11]	Valcineide O. A. Tanobea, Thais H. D. Sydenstrickera, Marilda Munarob, Sandro C. Amicoa. (2005) A comprehensive characterization of chemically treated Brazilian sponge-gourds (Luffa cylindrica) Polym. Test. 24 (4): 474–482.
[12]	NagarajaGanesh, B., and R. Muralikannan, R., (2016): "Extraction and characterization of lignocellulosic fibers from Luffa cylindrica fruit", Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact, 21, no. 3: 259-266.
[13]	Karbowiak, T., Ferret, E., Debeaufort, F., Voilley, A., Cayot, P., (2011) Investigation of water transfer across thin layer biopolymer films by infrared spectroscopy. J. Membr. Sci. 370 (1): 82-90.
[14]	Lasagabaster, Aurora, María José Abad, Luis Barral, and Ana Ares. (2006) FTIR study on the nature of water sorbed in polypropylene (PP)/ethylene alcohol vinyl (EVOH) films. Eur. Polym. J. 42 (11): 3121-3132.
[15]	Alemdar, Ayse, and Mohini Sain. (2008) Isolation and characterization of nanofibers from agricultural residues–Wheat straw and soy hulls. Bioresour. Technol. 99 (6): 1664-1671.
[16]	Lionetto, Francesca, Roberta Del Sole, Donato Cannoletta, Giuseppe Vasapollo, and Alfonso Maffezzoli.(2012). Monitoring wood degradation during weathering by cellulose crystallinity. Materials 5 (10): 1910-1922.
[17]	Kim, Jun Tae, and Anil N. Netravali. "Mercerization of sisal fibers (2010): Effect of tension on mechanical properties of sisal fiber and fiber-reinforced composites." Composites Part A., 41 (9): 1245-1252.
[18]	Ray, Dipa, and B. K. Sarkar (2001) "Characterization of alkali‐treated jute fibers for physical and mechanical properties." J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 80, no. 7: 1013-1020.
[19]	Priya Dasan, K., "Nanoclay/Polymer Composites: (2015) Recent Developments and Future Prospects." In Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites, pp. 561-579. Springer India.
[20]	White, John E., W. James Catallo, and Benjamin L. Legendre. (2011). Biomass pyrolysis kinetics: a comparative critical review with relevant agricultural residue case studies. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 91 (1): 1-33.
[21]	Nair KM, Thomas S and Groeninckx G. (2001) Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of polystyrene composites reinforced with short sisal fibres. Compos. Sci. Tech. 61 (16): 2519–2529.
[22]	Monteiro, Sergio Neves, Verônica Calado, Rubén JS Rodriguez, and Frederico M. Margem. (2012) Thermogravimetric stability of polymer composites reinforced with less common lignocellulosic fibers–an Overview. J. Mater. Res. Technol. 1 (2): 117-126.
[23]	Kim, Hee-Soo, Sumin Kim, Hyun-Joong Kim, and Han-Seung Yang.(2006). Thermal properties of bio-flour-filled polyolefin composites with different compatibilizing agent type and content. Thermochimica Acta 451 (1): 181-188.
[24]	Ishak. H., Sapuan S, Leman, Z., Rahman, H. and Anwar, U. (2012) Characterization of sugarpalm (Arenga pinnata) fibers. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 109 (2): 981-989.
[25]	Atiqah, A., M. A. Maleque, Mohammad Jawaid, and Mohammad Iqbal (2014)."Development of kenaf-glass reinforced unsaturated polyester hybrid composite for structural applications." Composites Part B: 56: 68-73.
[26]	Mohanty S, Verma SK, Nayak SK. (2006). Dynamic mechanical and thermal properties of MAPE treated jute/HDPE composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 66 (3): 538-47.
[27]	Ramanaiah, K., Ratna Prasad, A. V., and Hema Chandra Reddy, K., (2013). Mechanical and Thermo-Physical Properties of Fish Tail Palm Tree Natural Fiber–Reinforced Polyester Composites. Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 18 (2): 126-136.
[28]	Mohanta, N., and S. K. Acharya. (2015), "Fiber surface treatment: Its effect on structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of Luffa cylindrica fiber and its composite." J. Compos. Mater.: 0021998315615654.
[29]	Sgriccia N, Hawley MC, Misra M. (2008) Characterization of natural fiber surfaces and natural fiber composites. Composites Part A. 39 (10): 1632-37.
[30]	Toth A, Faix O, Rachor G, Bertoti I, Szekely T. (1993), ESCA (XPS) study on light-induced yellowing of thermomechanical and chemothermomechanical pulps. Appl. Surf. Sci.; 72 (3): 209-13.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

B. NagarajaGanesh, R. Muralikannan. (2016). Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 5(6), 302-307. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

B. NagarajaGanesh; R. Muralikannan. Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2016, 5(6), 302-307. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

B. NagarajaGanesh, R. Muralikannan. Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2016;5(6):302-307. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21,
  author = {B. NagarajaGanesh and R. Muralikannan},
  title = {Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {302-307},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  abstract = {This work is focused to fabricate and characterize hybrid polyester composites containing equal weight percentages of lignocellulosic fruit fibers namely Cocos nucifera and Luffa cylindrica. Samples with four different compositions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) containing random fiber orientation are fabricated using handlayup technique and their effect on the flexural strength and impact strength is studied and compared with their individual counterparts. Enhanced mechanical properties are obtained when the combined weight percentage of both fibers is 30% by weight. This hybrid composite sample is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. Surface morphology of the fractured sample with elemental analysis is studied using scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays. FTIR peaks confirm the presence of biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The thermogram confirms the presence of lignin, an amorphous hydrophobic biopolymer with strong intermolecular, intramolecular hydrogen bond and cross linking of the molecules requiring more energy to breakdown resulting in good thermal stability of the hybrid composites around 200°C. Elemental analysis gives O/C ratio of 0.45 corroborating the lignin presence at the surface.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites
AU - B. NagarajaGanesh
AU - R. Muralikannan
Y1 - 2016/12/18
PY - 2016
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21
T2 - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP - 302
EP - 307
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2643
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21
AB - This work is focused to fabricate and characterize hybrid polyester composites containing equal weight percentages of lignocellulosic fruit fibers namely Cocos nucifera and Luffa cylindrica. Samples with four different compositions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) containing random fiber orientation are fabricated using handlayup technique and their effect on the flexural strength and impact strength is studied and compared with their individual counterparts. Enhanced mechanical properties are obtained when the combined weight percentage of both fibers is 30% by weight. This hybrid composite sample is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. Surface morphology of the fractured sample with elemental analysis is studied using scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays. FTIR peaks confirm the presence of biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The thermogram confirms the presence of lignin, an amorphous hydrophobic biopolymer with strong intermolecular, intramolecular hydrogen bond and cross linking of the molecules requiring more energy to breakdown resulting in good thermal stability of the hybrid composites around 200°C. Elemental analysis gives O/C ratio of 0.45 corroborating the lignin presence at the surface.
VL - 5
IS - 6
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

B. NagarajaGanesh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madurai Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pottapalayam, Sivagangai District, Tamil Nadu, India
R. Muralikannan

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sethu Institute of Technology, Kariapatti, Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

B. NagarajaGanesh, R. Muralikannan. (2016). Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 5(6), 302-307. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

B. NagarajaGanesh; R. Muralikannan. Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2016, 5(6), 302-307. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

B. NagarajaGanesh, R. Muralikannan. Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2016;5(6):302-307. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21,
  author = {B. NagarajaGanesh and R. Muralikannan},
  title = {Comprehensive Characterization of Lignocellulosic Fruit Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Polyester Composites},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {6},
  pages = {302-307},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20160506.21},
  abstract = {This work is focused to fabricate and characterize hybrid polyester composites containing equal weight percentages of lignocellulosic fruit fibers namely Cocos nucifera and Luffa cylindrica. Samples with four different compositions (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) containing random fiber orientation are fabricated using handlayup technique and their effect on the flexural strength and impact strength is studied and compared with their individual counterparts. Enhanced mechanical properties are obtained when the combined weight percentage of both fibers is 30% by weight. This hybrid composite sample is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Thermogravimetric analysis. Surface morphology of the fractured sample with elemental analysis is studied using scanning electron microscope and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays. FTIR peaks confirm the presence of biopolymers cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The thermogram confirms the presence of lignin, an amorphous hydrophobic biopolymer with strong intermolecular, intramolecular hydrogen bond and cross linking of the molecules requiring more energy to breakdown resulting in good thermal stability of the hybrid composites around 200°C. Elemental analysis gives O/C ratio of 0.45 corroborating the lignin presence at the surface.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download