Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer

Michael. O. Obaji

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer

Michael. O. Obaji

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 5)

Received: 11 August 2016 Accepted: 22 August 2016 Published: 9 September 2016

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Abstract

The excellent qualities possessed by silicon elastomer when used in designing flexible parts of mechanical systems, make it imperative that we analyze its deformations and distributed axial forces in a matrix of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers designed as possible appendages for gripping robots. The essence of these analyses is to determine the shear-lag parameter which has influence on the axial distributed forces proposed as a gauge for testing the structure in a high yield, high force and high strain mechanical environment. The insertion of SMA fibers in flexible rods cast using silicon elastomer results in the deformation of the host medium once shape recovery of the fiber occurs. This paper aims to analyze the mechanics of the said shape recovery in a modeled silicon elastomer rod with a single off-axis reinforced SMA actuator. The compressive force distribution mechanism and the bending moment caused by phase transformation in the design are determined using an approximate analytical model. The deformations on the structure proposed as an appendage on gripping robots were further analyzed by determining their equations of equilibrium, force factors and their comparative shear-lag models to be able to estimate the force distribution on the structure.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
Page(s)	194-201
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

SMA Actuator, Mechanics, Silicon Elastomer, Deformation, Soft Robots

References

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[2]	K. Yang and C. L. Gu. “Design, drive and control of a novel SMA-actuated humanoid flexible gripper”, J. Mech, Sci. Technol., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 895-904, May 2008.
[3]	Denny, M. W. 1988. “Biology and the Mechanics of the Wave-swept Environment”; Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
[4]	J. Jayender, R. V. Patel, S. Nikumb, and M. Ostojic, “Modeling and Control of Shape Memory Alloy Actuators”, IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 279-287, Mar. 2008.
[5]	Toi, Y., Lee, J. B, and Taya, M. (2004). “Finite element analysis of superelastic, large deformation behavior of shape memory alloy helical springs” Comput. Struct. 82 1685–93.
[6]	Love, A. E. H. 1944. “A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity” (New York: Dover).
[7]	Wolfram Research, Inc., 1991 Mathematica, Version 2.0 (Wolfram Research, Inc., Champaign, Illinois).
[8]	Jackson, C. M., H. J. Wagner, and R. J. Wasilewski. “55-Nitinol- -The Alloy with a Memory: Its Physical Metallurgy, Properties, and Applications: A Report”. Washington: NASA, 1972.
[9]	Keller et al., “A Self-Healing Poly (dimethyl siloxane) Elastomer”; Advanced Functional Materials, v. 17, p. 2399–2404 (2007).
[10]	W. M. Kier and K. K. Smith, “Tongues, Tentacles, and Trunks: The Biomechanics of Movement in Muscular-hydrostats”, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 83, pp. 307-324, 1985.
[11]	Michael. O. Obaji and Shiwu Zhang. “Investigation into the Force Distribution Mechanism of a Soft Robot Gripper Modeled for Picking Complex Objects Using Shape Memory Alloy Actuators”. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Cybernetics, Intelligent Systems and Robotics, Automation & Mechatronics (CIS-RAM), Manila Philippines, Nov. 11-16, 2013, P. 7. ISBN: 978-1-4799-1198-1.
[12]	Tanaka, K., and Nagaki, S. (1982). “A thermo mechanical description of materials with internal variables in the process of phase Transitions”, Ing.-Arch. 51 287–99.
[13]	Online Journal on production of silicone elastomers. Accessed; April 2013 http://www.silicone.jp/e/catalog/pdf/rubber_e.pdf
[14]	Stockwell Elastomerics: “Silicone Sponge and Silicone Rubber Gaskets, Seals, Cushions, and Material”. http://www.stockwell.com/data-sheets/silicone-materials-guide.pdf: Accessed January 1, 2014.
[15]	O’Halloran A and O’Malley F (2004)., Materials and technologies for artificial muscle: a review for the mechatronic muscle project Topics in Bio-Mechanical Engineering ed P J Prendergast and P E McHugh pp 184–215.

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APA Style

Michael. O. Obaji. (2016). Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 5(5), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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ACS Style

Michael. O. Obaji. Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2016, 5(5), 194-201. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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AMA Style

Michael. O. Obaji. Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2016;5(5):194-201. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13,
  author = {Michael. O. Obaji},
  title = {Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {194-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  abstract = {The excellent qualities possessed by silicon elastomer when used in designing flexible parts of mechanical systems, make it imperative that we analyze its deformations and distributed axial forces in a matrix of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers designed as possible appendages for gripping robots. The essence of these analyses is to determine the shear-lag parameter which has influence on the axial distributed forces proposed as a gauge for testing the structure in a high yield, high force and high strain mechanical environment. The insertion of SMA fibers in flexible rods cast using silicon elastomer results in the deformation of the host medium once shape recovery of the fiber occurs. This paper aims to analyze the mechanics of the said shape recovery in a modeled silicon elastomer rod with a single off-axis reinforced SMA actuator. The compressive force distribution mechanism and the bending moment caused by phase transformation in the design are determined using an approximate analytical model. The deformations on the structure proposed as an appendage on gripping robots were further analyzed by determining their equations of equilibrium, force factors and their comparative shear-lag models to be able to estimate the force distribution on the structure.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer
AU  - Michael. O. Obaji
Y1  - 2016/09/09
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 194
EP  - 201
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
AB  - The excellent qualities possessed by silicon elastomer when used in designing flexible parts of mechanical systems, make it imperative that we analyze its deformations and distributed axial forces in a matrix of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers designed as possible appendages for gripping robots. The essence of these analyses is to determine the shear-lag parameter which has influence on the axial distributed forces proposed as a gauge for testing the structure in a high yield, high force and high strain mechanical environment. The insertion of SMA fibers in flexible rods cast using silicon elastomer results in the deformation of the host medium once shape recovery of the fiber occurs. This paper aims to analyze the mechanics of the said shape recovery in a modeled silicon elastomer rod with a single off-axis reinforced SMA actuator. The compressive force distribution mechanism and the bending moment caused by phase transformation in the design are determined using an approximate analytical model. The deformations on the structure proposed as an appendage on gripping robots were further analyzed by determining their equations of equilibrium, force factors and their comparative shear-lag models to be able to estimate the force distribution on the structure.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Michael. O. Obaji

Department of Precision Machinery and Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

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APA Style

Michael. O. Obaji. (2016). Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 5(5), 194-201. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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ACS Style

Michael. O. Obaji. Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2016, 5(5), 194-201. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

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AMA Style

Michael. O. Obaji. Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2016;5(5):194-201. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13,
  author = {Michael. O. Obaji},
  title = {Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {5},
  number = {5},
  pages = {194-201},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20160505.13},
  abstract = {The excellent qualities possessed by silicon elastomer when used in designing flexible parts of mechanical systems, make it imperative that we analyze its deformations and distributed axial forces in a matrix of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers designed as possible appendages for gripping robots. The essence of these analyses is to determine the shear-lag parameter which has influence on the axial distributed forces proposed as a gauge for testing the structure in a high yield, high force and high strain mechanical environment. The insertion of SMA fibers in flexible rods cast using silicon elastomer results in the deformation of the host medium once shape recovery of the fiber occurs. This paper aims to analyze the mechanics of the said shape recovery in a modeled silicon elastomer rod with a single off-axis reinforced SMA actuator. The compressive force distribution mechanism and the bending moment caused by phase transformation in the design are determined using an approximate analytical model. The deformations on the structure proposed as an appendage on gripping robots were further analyzed by determining their equations of equilibrium, force factors and their comparative shear-lag models to be able to estimate the force distribution on the structure.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Matrix Shear-Lag Parameter in a Shape Memory Alloy-Actuator-Reinforced Silicon Elastomer
AU  - Michael. O. Obaji
Y1  - 2016/09/09
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 194
EP  - 201
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20160505.13
AB  - The excellent qualities possessed by silicon elastomer when used in designing flexible parts of mechanical systems, make it imperative that we analyze its deformations and distributed axial forces in a matrix of shape memory alloy (SMA) fibers designed as possible appendages for gripping robots. The essence of these analyses is to determine the shear-lag parameter which has influence on the axial distributed forces proposed as a gauge for testing the structure in a high yield, high force and high strain mechanical environment. The insertion of SMA fibers in flexible rods cast using silicon elastomer results in the deformation of the host medium once shape recovery of the fiber occurs. This paper aims to analyze the mechanics of the said shape recovery in a modeled silicon elastomer rod with a single off-axis reinforced SMA actuator. The compressive force distribution mechanism and the bending moment caused by phase transformation in the design are determined using an approximate analytical model. The deformations on the structure proposed as an appendage on gripping robots were further analyzed by determining their equations of equilibrium, force factors and their comparative shear-lag models to be able to estimate the force distribution on the structure.
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download