Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong; Owunna Ikechukwu; Patrick O. Ebunilo; Ememobong E. Ikpe

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong, Owunna Ikechukwu, Patrick O. Ebunilo, Ememobong E. Ikpe

Published in International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 1)

Received: 9 June 2016 Accepted: 17 June 2016 Published: 29 June 2016

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Abstract

A vehicle tie rod manufactured with materials that can resist the vertical, lateral and horizontal forces acting on the suspension system when the car is in operation may last for a longer period of time provided the operating condition of the vehicle is such that, the tie rod material does not exceed its elastic limit. CES EduPack 2013 database level 2 was used in material selection of the tie rod which showed possible materials such as Nickel alloys, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, low alloy steel etc. but low alloy steel was chosen based on the low cost, stiffness and yield strength. In terms of material properties, a tie rod requires high value of modulus of elasticity for stiffness, high fracture toughness against cracks and wear, and high yield strength against fatigue, and these properties were found in low alloy steel which conventional tie rods are manufactured from. The tie rod was designed using SOLIDWORKS 2012 version and static analysis was carried out to determine buckling displacements of a vehicle tie rod with a force of 18,563.7102N acting from each ends under pinned-pinned and fixed-pinned condition. Under the influence of this force, the tie rod in pinned-pinned position gave a maximum buckling displacement of 0.0156133mm whereas, tie rod under the influence of the same force buckled with a maximum displacement of 27.5852mm. This is because the pinned ends of the tie rod were sliding and exhibiting instability when the load (18,563.7102N) was applied from one end whereas, the fixed-pinned ends behavior of the tie rod was fixed and stable under the applied force from the pinned-end. The 18,563.7102N force load is the bump, braking and cornering force generated when a vehicle is in motion and was obtained from ADAMS simulation model of McPherson Subaru suspension system. Hence, the tie rod ends should be taken into consideration during manufacturing and installation, as buckling with low deflection can still carry more loads before the critical load is reached.

Published in	International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Volume 1, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
Page(s)	16-24
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tie Rod, Vehicle, Suspension System, Buckling Displacement, Forces, Failure

References

[1]	All About Automotive (2014) What are the Tie Rods in My Vehicle? [online] available from <http://allaboutautomotive.com/blog/what-are-the-tie-rods-in-my-vehicle/> [10 March 2015]
[2]	Ashby M. F. (1992) Materials Selection in Mechanical Design. Oxford: Pergamon Press
[3]	Budynas, R. G. and Nisbett, J. K. (2008) Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design. Eighth Edition, McGraw-Hill
[4]	Falah, A. H., Alfares, M. A., and Elkholy A. H. (2006) Failure investigation of a tie rod end of an automobile steering System. Mechanical Engineering Department, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
[5]	Guler, D. (2006) Dynamic Analysis of Double Wishbone Suspension. Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey. [online] available from <http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/makinamuh/T000523.pdf> [20 November 2014]
[6]	Guiggiani, M. (2014) The Science of Vehicle Dynamics-1^st ed. Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN: 978-94-017-8532-7
[7]	Kalny, O. And Napier, A. (2014) Meshing. Computers and Structures, Inc. [online] available from <https://wiki.csiamerica.com/display/kb/Meshing> [10 March 2014]
[8]	Kim, H., Seo, M. and Bae, W. (2002) A Study of the Manufacturing of Tie Rod Ends with Casting/Forging Process. Journal of Material Processing Technology 125, 471-476
[9]	Manik, A. P., Chavan, D. S., Kavade, M. V. and Umesh, S. G. (2013) FEA of Tie Rod of Steering System of Car. International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management 2 (5), 2319-4847
[10]	Rasmus, O. (2008) Buckling Driven Debonding in Sandwich Columns. [online] available from <http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020768307003666> [3 May 2014]
[11]	Slocum, S (2008) Fundamentals of Design Topic 4 Linkages
[12]	Suresh, V. and Vijay, K. J. (2010) Analysis and Design of Machine elements. IK International Publishing House Pvt Ltd, India. ISBN: 109380026471
[13]	Turner Motorsport (2014) E 36 Tie Rod Assembly [online] available from <http://turnermotorsport.com/p-3523-e36-tie-rod-assembly.aspx.htm>[20 May 2014]
[14]	William, H. (2016) How Cars Suspension Work, How Stuffworks, a division of Infospace LLC. [online] available from <http://auto.howstuffworks.com/car-suspension.htm> [18 May 2014]

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APA Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong, Owunna Ikechukwu, Patrick O. Ebunilo, Ememobong E. Ikpe. (2016). Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, 1(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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ACS Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong; Owunna Ikechukwu; Patrick O. Ebunilo; Ememobong E. Ikpe. Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. Int. J. Ind. Manuf. Syst. Eng. 2016, 1(1), 16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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AMA Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong, Owunna Ikechukwu, Patrick O. Ebunilo, Ememobong E. Ikpe. Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. Int J Ind Manuf Syst Eng. 2016;1(1):16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13,
  author = {Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong and Owunna Ikechukwu and Patrick O. Ebunilo and Ememobong E. Ikpe},
  title = {Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement},
  journal = {International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  abstract = {A vehicle tie rod manufactured with materials that can resist the vertical, lateral and horizontal forces acting on the suspension system when the car is in operation may last for a longer period of time provided the operating condition of the vehicle is such that, the tie rod material does not exceed its elastic limit. CES EduPack 2013 database level 2 was used in material selection of the tie rod which showed possible materials such as Nickel alloys, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, low alloy steel etc. but low alloy steel was chosen based on the low cost, stiffness and yield strength. In terms of material properties, a tie rod requires high value of modulus of elasticity for stiffness, high fracture toughness against cracks and wear, and high yield strength against fatigue, and these properties were found in low alloy steel which conventional tie rods are manufactured from. The tie rod was designed using SOLIDWORKS 2012 version and static analysis was carried out to determine buckling displacements of a vehicle tie rod with a force of 18,563.7102N acting from each ends under pinned-pinned and fixed-pinned condition. Under the influence of this force, the tie rod in pinned-pinned position gave a maximum buckling displacement of 0.0156133mm whereas, tie rod under the influence of the same force buckled with a maximum displacement of 27.5852mm. This is because the pinned ends of the tie rod were sliding and exhibiting instability when the load (18,563.7102N) was applied from one end whereas, the fixed-pinned ends behavior of the tie rod was fixed and stable under the applied force from the pinned-end. The 18,563.7102N force load is the bump, braking and cornering force generated when a vehicle is in motion and was obtained from ADAMS simulation model of McPherson Subaru suspension system. Hence, the tie rod ends should be taken into consideration during manufacturing and installation, as buckling with low deflection can still carry more loads before the critical load is reached.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement
AU  - Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong
AU  - Owunna Ikechukwu
AU  - Patrick O. Ebunilo
AU  - Ememobong E. Ikpe
Y1  - 2016/06/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
T2  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
SP  - 16
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3142
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
AB  - A vehicle tie rod manufactured with materials that can resist the vertical, lateral and horizontal forces acting on the suspension system when the car is in operation may last for a longer period of time provided the operating condition of the vehicle is such that, the tie rod material does not exceed its elastic limit. CES EduPack 2013 database level 2 was used in material selection of the tie rod which showed possible materials such as Nickel alloys, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, low alloy steel etc. but low alloy steel was chosen based on the low cost, stiffness and yield strength. In terms of material properties, a tie rod requires high value of modulus of elasticity for stiffness, high fracture toughness against cracks and wear, and high yield strength against fatigue, and these properties were found in low alloy steel which conventional tie rods are manufactured from. The tie rod was designed using SOLIDWORKS 2012 version and static analysis was carried out to determine buckling displacements of a vehicle tie rod with a force of 18,563.7102N acting from each ends under pinned-pinned and fixed-pinned condition. Under the influence of this force, the tie rod in pinned-pinned position gave a maximum buckling displacement of 0.0156133mm whereas, tie rod under the influence of the same force buckled with a maximum displacement of 27.5852mm. This is because the pinned ends of the tie rod were sliding and exhibiting instability when the load (18,563.7102N) was applied from one end whereas, the fixed-pinned ends behavior of the tie rod was fixed and stable under the applied force from the pinned-end. The 18,563.7102N force load is the bump, braking and cornering force generated when a vehicle is in motion and was obtained from ADAMS simulation model of McPherson Subaru suspension system. Hence, the tie rod ends should be taken into consideration during manufacturing and installation, as buckling with low deflection can still carry more loads before the critical load is reached.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, West Midlands, UK
Owunna Ikechukwu

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Coventry University, West Midlands, UK
Patrick O. Ebunilo

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
Ememobong E. Ikpe

Department of Instrumentation and Control, Exxon Mobil Producing Nigeria, Eket, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong, Owunna Ikechukwu, Patrick O. Ebunilo, Ememobong E. Ikpe. (2016). Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, 1(1), 16-24. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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ACS Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong; Owunna Ikechukwu; Patrick O. Ebunilo; Ememobong E. Ikpe. Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. Int. J. Ind. Manuf. Syst. Eng. 2016, 1(1), 16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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AMA Style

Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong, Owunna Ikechukwu, Patrick O. Ebunilo, Ememobong E. Ikpe. Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement. Int J Ind Manuf Syst Eng. 2016;1(1):16-24. doi: 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13,
  author = {Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong and Owunna Ikechukwu and Patrick O. Ebunilo and Ememobong E. Ikpe},
  title = {Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement},
  journal = {International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering},
  volume = {1},
  number = {1},
  pages = {16-24},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijimse.20160101.13},
  abstract = {A vehicle tie rod manufactured with materials that can resist the vertical, lateral and horizontal forces acting on the suspension system when the car is in operation may last for a longer period of time provided the operating condition of the vehicle is such that, the tie rod material does not exceed its elastic limit. CES EduPack 2013 database level 2 was used in material selection of the tie rod which showed possible materials such as Nickel alloys, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, low alloy steel etc. but low alloy steel was chosen based on the low cost, stiffness and yield strength. In terms of material properties, a tie rod requires high value of modulus of elasticity for stiffness, high fracture toughness against cracks and wear, and high yield strength against fatigue, and these properties were found in low alloy steel which conventional tie rods are manufactured from. The tie rod was designed using SOLIDWORKS 2012 version and static analysis was carried out to determine buckling displacements of a vehicle tie rod with a force of 18,563.7102N acting from each ends under pinned-pinned and fixed-pinned condition. Under the influence of this force, the tie rod in pinned-pinned position gave a maximum buckling displacement of 0.0156133mm whereas, tie rod under the influence of the same force buckled with a maximum displacement of 27.5852mm. This is because the pinned ends of the tie rod were sliding and exhibiting instability when the load (18,563.7102N) was applied from one end whereas, the fixed-pinned ends behavior of the tie rod was fixed and stable under the applied force from the pinned-end. The 18,563.7102N force load is the bump, braking and cornering force generated when a vehicle is in motion and was obtained from ADAMS simulation model of McPherson Subaru suspension system. Hence, the tie rod ends should be taken into consideration during manufacturing and installation, as buckling with low deflection can still carry more loads before the critical load is reached.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Static Analysis on a Vehicle Tie Rod to Determine the Resulting Buckling Displacement
AU  - Ikpe Aniekan Essienubong
AU  - Owunna Ikechukwu
AU  - Patrick O. Ebunilo
AU  - Ememobong E. Ikpe
Y1  - 2016/06/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
T2  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
SP  - 16
EP  - 24
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3142
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijimse.20160101.13
AB  - A vehicle tie rod manufactured with materials that can resist the vertical, lateral and horizontal forces acting on the suspension system when the car is in operation may last for a longer period of time provided the operating condition of the vehicle is such that, the tie rod material does not exceed its elastic limit. CES EduPack 2013 database level 2 was used in material selection of the tie rod which showed possible materials such as Nickel alloys, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy, low alloy steel etc. but low alloy steel was chosen based on the low cost, stiffness and yield strength. In terms of material properties, a tie rod requires high value of modulus of elasticity for stiffness, high fracture toughness against cracks and wear, and high yield strength against fatigue, and these properties were found in low alloy steel which conventional tie rods are manufactured from. The tie rod was designed using SOLIDWORKS 2012 version and static analysis was carried out to determine buckling displacements of a vehicle tie rod with a force of 18,563.7102N acting from each ends under pinned-pinned and fixed-pinned condition. Under the influence of this force, the tie rod in pinned-pinned position gave a maximum buckling displacement of 0.0156133mm whereas, tie rod under the influence of the same force buckled with a maximum displacement of 27.5852mm. This is because the pinned ends of the tie rod were sliding and exhibiting instability when the load (18,563.7102N) was applied from one end whereas, the fixed-pinned ends behavior of the tie rod was fixed and stable under the applied force from the pinned-end. The 18,563.7102N force load is the bump, braking and cornering force generated when a vehicle is in motion and was obtained from ADAMS simulation model of McPherson Subaru suspension system. Hence, the tie rod ends should be taken into consideration during manufacturing and installation, as buckling with low deflection can still carry more loads before the critical load is reached.
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
ER  -

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