In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Danjuma Lawal; Bobai Mathew; Sani Muhammad Nura

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains

Danjuma Lawal, Bobai Mathew, Sani Muhammad Nura

Published in International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 11 June 2022 Accepted: 29 June 2022 Published: 17 August 2022

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Abstract

Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P < 0.05). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts ranged from 56.2500 ± 29.1241 – 31.2500 + 22.16013 gm/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.

Published in	International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
Page(s)	14-28
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Staphylococcus aureus, Multidrug Resistance, Wound, Antibacterial Terminalia avicennioides

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APA Style

Danjuma Lawal, Bobai Mathew, Sani Muhammad Nura. (2022). In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines, 8(2), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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ACS Style

Danjuma Lawal; Bobai Mathew; Sani Muhammad Nura. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int. J. Homeopathy Nat. Med. 2022, 8(2), 14-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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AMA Style

Danjuma Lawal, Bobai Mathew, Sani Muhammad Nura. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med. 2022;8(2):14-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11,
  author = {Danjuma Lawal and Bobai Mathew and Sani Muhammad Nura},
  title = {In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains},
  journal = {International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  abstract = {Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P  0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
AU  - Danjuma Lawal
AU  - Bobai Mathew
AU  - Sani Muhammad Nura
Y1  - 2022/08/17
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
T2  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
JF  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
JO  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
SP  - 14
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-2316
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
AB  - Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P  0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Danjuma Lawal

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria
Bobai Mathew

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria
Sani Muhammad Nura

Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria

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Danjuma Lawal, Bobai Mathew, Sani Muhammad Nura. (2022). In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines, 8(2), 14-28. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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ACS Style

Danjuma Lawal; Bobai Mathew; Sani Muhammad Nura. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int. J. Homeopathy Nat. Med. 2022, 8(2), 14-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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AMA Style

Danjuma Lawal, Bobai Mathew, Sani Muhammad Nura. In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Int J Homeopathy Nat Med. 2022;8(2):14-28. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11,
  author = {Danjuma Lawal and Bobai Mathew and Sani Muhammad Nura},
  title = {In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains},
  journal = {International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {14-28},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhnm.20220802.11},
  abstract = {Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P  0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Terminalia avicennioides Extracts Against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains
AU  - Danjuma Lawal
AU  - Bobai Mathew
AU  - Sani Muhammad Nura
Y1  - 2022/08/17
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
T2  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
JF  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
JO  - International Journal of Homeopathy & Natural Medicines
SP  - 14
EP  - 28
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-2316
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhnm.20220802.11
AB  - Infections caused by multidrug resistance bacteria are now alarming globally, and the increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are resulting in fewer treatment options. The search for new phytochemicals that could be developed as useful drugs for treatment of infectious diseases consequently increased with medicinal plants extracts receiving greater attention. This study was carried out to determine in vitro antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from wound infections. Wound swab samples were collected from patients attending Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital Kaduna, Nigeria. Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus was carried out using standard phenotypic and genotypic identification methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolates was carried out using standard procedures. Also, Terminalia avicennioides extracts were prepared and their in vitro antimicrobial activities tested against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus using standard procedures. The results of the susceptibility profile showed Staphylococcus aureus isolates to be resistant to a ranged of 8.18% to 100% conventional antibiotics used. However, the isolates were 100% sensitive to imipenem. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of tannin, alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycoside, phenols, saponins and terpenoids and absent of anthraquinones in all extracts. Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia avicennioides extracts against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates showed zones of growth inhibition ranged from 16.28±10.45 – 23.81±6.69 mm and showed significant difference (P  0.05). The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranged from 175.000 ± 64.2910 – 68.7500 ± 45.8063 mg/ml and showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Remarkably, the antimicrobial activity of the Terminalia avicennioides extracts exhibit higher inhibitory effects against the multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, hence, can further be study and developed for wound infection therapeutic purpose.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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