Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is considered as a negative regulator of T cell activation and its role in maintaining immune tolerance is well established. The present case-control study aimed to investigate the CTLA-4 +49 A/G, -1661 A/G, -318 C/T and -1722 T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and predisposition to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Gaza Strip - Palestine. The study was performed on 200 women with a history of two or more pregnancy losses (case group) and 200 control women with at least two live births and without any previous history of abortion. PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) method was used for genotyping CTLA-4 polymorphisms. Study results revealed that there is no significant association between the allele/genotype frequencies of the four investigated CTLA-4 SNPs and RPL. This trend remained true under dominant, co-dominant and recessive models. The A\G genotype of -1661 A\G polymorphism was higher in patients (45%) as compared to controls (39.5%) but without statistical significance. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in the patient/control group were as follows: +49A>G: 0.22/0.22, -318 C>T: 0.15/0.11, -1661 A>G: 0.30/0.26 and -1722 T>C: 0.08/0.08. The four investigated CTLA-4 polymorphisms do not contribute to the risk of RPL in the study population. Testing other CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and the level of CTLA-4 expression in RPL patients is recommended.
| Published in | International Journal of Genetics and Genomics (Volume 4, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11 |
| Page(s) | 31-35 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, CTLA-4, Gene Polymorphism, PCR-RFLP
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APA Style
Eman N. Helles, Mohammed J. Ashour, Fadel A. Sharif. (2016). CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. International Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 4(4), 31-35. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11
ACS Style
Eman N. Helles; Mohammed J. Ashour; Fadel A. Sharif. CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Int. J. Genet. Genomics 2016, 4(4), 31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11
AMA Style
Eman N. Helles, Mohammed J. Ashour, Fadel A. Sharif. CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss. Int J Genet Genomics. 2016;4(4):31-35. doi: 10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11,
author = {Eman N. Helles and Mohammed J. Ashour and Fadel A. Sharif},
title = {CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss},
journal = {International Journal of Genetics and Genomics},
volume = {4},
number = {4},
pages = {31-35},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijgg.20160404.11},
abstract = {Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is considered as a negative regulator of T cell activation and its role in maintaining immune tolerance is well established. The present case-control study aimed to investigate the CTLA-4 +49 A/G, -1661 A/G, -318 C/T and -1722 T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and predisposition to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Gaza Strip - Palestine. The study was performed on 200 women with a history of two or more pregnancy losses (case group) and 200 control women with at least two live births and without any previous history of abortion. PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) method was used for genotyping CTLA-4 polymorphisms. Study results revealed that there is no significant association between the allele/genotype frequencies of the four investigated CTLA-4 SNPs and RPL. This trend remained true under dominant, co-dominant and recessive models. The A\G genotype of -1661 A\G polymorphism was higher in patients (45%) as compared to controls (39.5%) but without statistical significance. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in the patient/control group were as follows: +49A>G: 0.22/0.22, -318 C>T: 0.15/0.11, -1661 A>G: 0.30/0.26 and -1722 T>C: 0.08/0.08. The four investigated CTLA-4 polymorphisms do not contribute to the risk of RPL in the study population. Testing other CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and the level of CTLA-4 expression in RPL patients is recommended.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphism in Women with Idiopathic Recurrent Pregnancy Loss AU - Eman N. Helles AU - Mohammed J. Ashour AU - Fadel A. Sharif Y1 - 2016/09/05 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11 T2 - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics JF - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics JO - International Journal of Genetics and Genomics SP - 31 EP - 35 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-7359 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijgg.20160404.11 AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is considered as a negative regulator of T cell activation and its role in maintaining immune tolerance is well established. The present case-control study aimed to investigate the CTLA-4 +49 A/G, -1661 A/G, -318 C/T and -1722 T/C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and predisposition to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Gaza Strip - Palestine. The study was performed on 200 women with a history of two or more pregnancy losses (case group) and 200 control women with at least two live births and without any previous history of abortion. PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) method was used for genotyping CTLA-4 polymorphisms. Study results revealed that there is no significant association between the allele/genotype frequencies of the four investigated CTLA-4 SNPs and RPL. This trend remained true under dominant, co-dominant and recessive models. The A\G genotype of -1661 A\G polymorphism was higher in patients (45%) as compared to controls (39.5%) but without statistical significance. The minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms in the patient/control group were as follows: +49A>G: 0.22/0.22, -318 C>T: 0.15/0.11, -1661 A>G: 0.30/0.26 and -1722 T>C: 0.08/0.08. The four investigated CTLA-4 polymorphisms do not contribute to the risk of RPL in the study population. Testing other CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms and the level of CTLA-4 expression in RPL patients is recommended. VL - 4 IS - 4 ER -
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