Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu; Oluwabanke Ademola; Olugbenga O. Oluwasina; Ademola F. Aiyesanmi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

| Peer-Reviewed

Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu, Oluwabanke Ademola, Olugbenga O. Oluwasina, Ademola F. Aiyesanmi

Published in International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 11 June 2017 Accepted: 4 July 2017 Published: 29 November 2017

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This research seeks to evaluate the extent of metallic release into food condiment due to the use of grinder machine. Grinders aged between approximately 24 months and 42 months were used to grind soup condiments and the latter were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods. The results revealed that grinder whose age was less than 24 months contained Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr (in mg/kg) to be 90.15 ± 35.73, 627.64 ± 247.29, 59.89 ± 26.96, 54.21 ± 21.45, 34.85 ± 4.44, 227.05 ± 34.73, BDL ± BDL and 137.68 ± 49.19 respectively. As the grinder’s age increased, it was observed that metal contribution also increased, with grinder of aged 42 months showing concentrations for the above-stated metals to be 161.42 ± 56.67, 818.10 ± 229.84, 72.20 ± 40.33, 122.38 ± 103.10, 150.22 ± 9.59, 318.54 ± 51.48, 5.89 ± 5.16 and 88.50 ± 13.79 respectively. Between the period of 24 and 42 months, it was observed that contribution of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) by the grinder increased by at least 300% and there was an equally noticeable increase for other metals under consideration high values obtained for these toxic metals pose great health dangers for humans who might be in regular consumption of foods processed with old grinders.

Published in	International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
Page(s)	130-133
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy-Metal, Soup-condiments, Grinders, Toxicity

References

[1]	Duffus, J. H. (2002). “Heavy Metals” – A meaningless term. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 793-807.
[2]	Alloway, B. J. (1995): The Origins of Heavy Metals in Soils. Heavy Metals in Soils. 2nd Edition. Blackie Academic & Professional.
[3]	Dallman P. R. (1986). Biochemical basis for the Manifestations of Iron deficiency, Annual Review of Nutrition, 6, 13-40.
[4]	Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (2012). Investigation of Metal Contaminants in Locally Ground Foods, Scholarlink Research Institute Journals.
[5]	U. S. National Library of Medicine (2015). Medine Plus Trusted Health Information for You; Iron.
[6]	Edward Group (2013). Metal Toxicity- Health Dangers of Nickel, Global Healing Centre.
[7]	Higdon Jane & Drake Victoria (2003). MicroNutrient Information Centre- Zinc, Linus Pauling Institute; Oregon State University.
[8]	The Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) of the National Institutes of Health (2016). Health Information; Iron Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet.
[9]	Opaluwa O. D, Aremu M. O, Ogbo L. O, Abiola K. A, Odiba I. E, Abubakar M. & Nweze N. O. (2012). Heavy Metal constant in soils, plant leaves and crops grown around dumpsite in Lafia Metropolis, Nassarawa State, Nigeria. Advances in Applied Science Research, 3 (2), 780-784.
[10]	Mohamed H. H & Khairia M. Al-Qahtani (2012). Assessment of some heavy metals in vegetables, cereals and fruits in Saudi Arabian markets, The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research..
[11]	WHO Media Centre (2015). Food Safety fact sheet. http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs399/en.
[12]	Aremu M. O, Arolaiye B. O. & Labaran L. (2010). Environmental Implication of Metal Concentrations in soil, plant foods and pond in area around the derelict Udege mines of Nassarawa State, Nigeria. Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 24 (3), 351-360.
[13]	Patrick O, Bamuwamye M, Apili G. & Musalima J. H. (2014). Health Risk Posed by Lead, Copper and Iron via Consumption of Organ Meats in Kampala City (Uganda). Journal of Environment Pollution and Human Health, 2 (3), 6.
[14]	Codex Alimentarius International Food Standards (2015). General Standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed (CODEX STAN 193-1995).
[15]	Royal Society of Chemistry (2016). Periodic Table App. http://rsc.org/periodic-table/element/25/manganese.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu, Oluwabanke Ademola, Olugbenga O. Oluwasina, Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. (2017). Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2(4), 130-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu; Oluwabanke Ademola; Olugbenga O. Oluwasina; Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(4), 130-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu, Oluwabanke Ademola, Olugbenga O. Oluwasina, Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2017;2(4):130-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16,
  author = {Oluwafemi Ogunlalu and Oluwabanke Ademola and Olugbenga O. Oluwasina and Ademola F. Aiyesanmi},
  title = {Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {130-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  abstract = {This research seeks to evaluate the extent of metallic release into food condiment due to the use of grinder machine. Grinders aged between approximately 24 months and 42 months were used to grind soup condiments and the latter were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods. The results revealed that grinder whose age was less than 24 months contained Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr (in mg/kg) to be 90.15 ± 35.73, 627.64 ± 247.29, 59.89 ± 26.96, 54.21 ± 21.45, 34.85 ± 4.44, 227.05 ± 34.73, BDL ± BDL and 137.68 ± 49.19 respectively. As the grinder’s age increased, it was observed that metal contribution also increased, with grinder of aged 42 months showing concentrations for the above-stated metals to be 161.42 ± 56.67, 818.10 ± 229.84, 72.20 ± 40.33, 122.38 ± 103.10, 150.22 ± 9.59, 318.54 ± 51.48, 5.89 ± 5.16 and 88.50 ± 13.79 respectively. Between the period of 24 and 42 months, it was observed that contribution of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) by the grinder increased by at least 300% and there was an equally noticeable increase for other metals under consideration high values obtained for these toxic metals pose great health dangers for humans who might be in regular consumption of foods processed with old grinders.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments
AU  - Oluwafemi Ogunlalu
AU  - Oluwabanke Ademola
AU  - Olugbenga O. Oluwasina
AU  - Ademola F. Aiyesanmi
Y1  - 2017/11/29
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 130
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
AB  - This research seeks to evaluate the extent of metallic release into food condiment due to the use of grinder machine. Grinders aged between approximately 24 months and 42 months were used to grind soup condiments and the latter were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods. The results revealed that grinder whose age was less than 24 months contained Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr (in mg/kg) to be 90.15 ± 35.73, 627.64 ± 247.29, 59.89 ± 26.96, 54.21 ± 21.45, 34.85 ± 4.44, 227.05 ± 34.73, BDL ± BDL and 137.68 ± 49.19 respectively. As the grinder’s age increased, it was observed that metal contribution also increased, with grinder of aged 42 months showing concentrations for the above-stated metals to be 161.42 ± 56.67, 818.10 ± 229.84, 72.20 ± 40.33, 122.38 ± 103.10, 150.22 ± 9.59, 318.54 ± 51.48, 5.89 ± 5.16 and 88.50 ± 13.79 respectively. Between the period of 24 and 42 months, it was observed that contribution of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) by the grinder increased by at least 300% and there was an equally noticeable increase for other metals under consideration high values obtained for these toxic metals pose great health dangers for humans who might be in regular consumption of foods processed with old grinders.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
Oluwabanke Ademola

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
Olugbenga O. Oluwasina

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
Ademola F. Aiyesanmi

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu, Oluwabanke Ademola, Olugbenga O. Oluwasina, Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. (2017). Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 2(4), 130-133. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu; Oluwabanke Ademola; Olugbenga O. Oluwasina; Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2017, 2(4), 130-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oluwafemi Ogunlalu, Oluwabanke Ademola, Olugbenga O. Oluwasina, Ademola F. Aiyesanmi. Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2017;2(4):130-133. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16,
  author = {Oluwafemi Ogunlalu and Oluwabanke Ademola and Olugbenga O. Oluwasina and Ademola F. Aiyesanmi},
  title = {Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments},
  journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {130-133},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20170204.16},
  abstract = {This research seeks to evaluate the extent of metallic release into food condiment due to the use of grinder machine. Grinders aged between approximately 24 months and 42 months were used to grind soup condiments and the latter were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods. The results revealed that grinder whose age was less than 24 months contained Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr (in mg/kg) to be 90.15 ± 35.73, 627.64 ± 247.29, 59.89 ± 26.96, 54.21 ± 21.45, 34.85 ± 4.44, 227.05 ± 34.73, BDL ± BDL and 137.68 ± 49.19 respectively. As the grinder’s age increased, it was observed that metal contribution also increased, with grinder of aged 42 months showing concentrations for the above-stated metals to be 161.42 ± 56.67, 818.10 ± 229.84, 72.20 ± 40.33, 122.38 ± 103.10, 150.22 ± 9.59, 318.54 ± 51.48, 5.89 ± 5.16 and 88.50 ± 13.79 respectively. Between the period of 24 and 42 months, it was observed that contribution of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) by the grinder increased by at least 300% and there was an equally noticeable increase for other metals under consideration high values obtained for these toxic metals pose great health dangers for humans who might be in regular consumption of foods processed with old grinders.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Grinding Machine on Trace Metal Levels in Soup Condiments
AU  - Oluwafemi Ogunlalu
AU  - Oluwabanke Ademola
AU  - Olugbenga O. Oluwasina
AU  - Ademola F. Aiyesanmi
Y1  - 2017/11/29
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
T2  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JF  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
SP  - 130
EP  - 133
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20170204.16
AB  - This research seeks to evaluate the extent of metallic release into food condiment due to the use of grinder machine. Grinders aged between approximately 24 months and 42 months were used to grind soup condiments and the latter were analyzed for heavy metals using standard methods. The results revealed that grinder whose age was less than 24 months contained Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd and Cr (in mg/kg) to be 90.15 ± 35.73, 627.64 ± 247.29, 59.89 ± 26.96, 54.21 ± 21.45, 34.85 ± 4.44, 227.05 ± 34.73, BDL ± BDL and 137.68 ± 49.19 respectively. As the grinder’s age increased, it was observed that metal contribution also increased, with grinder of aged 42 months showing concentrations for the above-stated metals to be 161.42 ± 56.67, 818.10 ± 229.84, 72.20 ± 40.33, 122.38 ± 103.10, 150.22 ± 9.59, 318.54 ± 51.48, 5.89 ± 5.16 and 88.50 ± 13.79 respectively. Between the period of 24 and 42 months, it was observed that contribution of toxic metals (Pb and Cd) by the grinder increased by at least 300% and there was an equally noticeable increase for other metals under consideration high values obtained for these toxic metals pose great health dangers for humans who might be in regular consumption of foods processed with old grinders.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download