Land degradation, which includes all elements that reduce the land's ability to function and generate ecosystem products and services, is the ongoing deterioration of the land's loss of productive capacity. 50% of the Ethiopian highlands had experienced major erosion, posing serious ecological and socioeconomic problems for both the rural populations' way of life and the environment. To reduce these problems locals’ experienced different mechanisms from the Exclosures is the one. Exclosures are places that are off-limits to domestic animals and humans in order to encourage plant regeneration naturally and lessen the degradation of formerly deteriorated communal grazing fields. Exclosures have been used extensively and have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in restoring damaged areas through natural regeneration with little financial or input needed. The review paper's overall goal is to examine the effects of exclosures on increases in soil fertility and vegetative growth in Ethiopia's highlands. Exacerbates the degradation of Ethiopia's soil, vegetation cover, and nutrient depletion, land degradation poses a serious challenge to sustainable land use and impacts the livelihood of the country's rural population. In contrast to open land, which had low species richness and evenly dispersed species, exclosures had higher diversity, richer biodiversity, and a less even distribution of species. Scholars found that after 22 years of establishment, exclosures in the Ethiopian highlands had double the plant species richness and diversity value compared to communal grazing pastures. Exclosures are often the best way to improve soil fertility and vegetation diversity and richness in Ethiopia's highlands when compared to open ground, grazing land, crop land, and communal land.
| Published in | International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 13, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12 |
| Page(s) | 152-160 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Exclosures, Vegetation, Diversity, Richness, Land Degradation, and Soil Fertility
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APA Style
Nigus, A. M., Messalea, G. A., Kebede, A. K. (2025). Effects of Exclosures on Vegetative and Soil Fertility Improvement in the Highlands of Ethiopia: Review. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 13(6), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12
ACS Style
Nigus, A. M.; Messalea, G. A.; Kebede, A. K. Effects of Exclosures on Vegetative and Soil Fertility Improvement in the Highlands of Ethiopia: Review. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2025, 13(6), 152-160. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12,
author = {Adane Mulat Nigus and Getu Abebe Messalea and Abere Kibeb Kebede},
title = {Effects of Exclosures on Vegetative and Soil Fertility Improvement in the Highlands of Ethiopia: Review
},
journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
volume = {13},
number = {6},
pages = {152-160},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20251306.12},
abstract = {Land degradation, which includes all elements that reduce the land's ability to function and generate ecosystem products and services, is the ongoing deterioration of the land's loss of productive capacity. 50% of the Ethiopian highlands had experienced major erosion, posing serious ecological and socioeconomic problems for both the rural populations' way of life and the environment. To reduce these problems locals’ experienced different mechanisms from the Exclosures is the one. Exclosures are places that are off-limits to domestic animals and humans in order to encourage plant regeneration naturally and lessen the degradation of formerly deteriorated communal grazing fields. Exclosures have been used extensively and have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in restoring damaged areas through natural regeneration with little financial or input needed. The review paper's overall goal is to examine the effects of exclosures on increases in soil fertility and vegetative growth in Ethiopia's highlands. Exacerbates the degradation of Ethiopia's soil, vegetation cover, and nutrient depletion, land degradation poses a serious challenge to sustainable land use and impacts the livelihood of the country's rural population. In contrast to open land, which had low species richness and evenly dispersed species, exclosures had higher diversity, richer biodiversity, and a less even distribution of species. Scholars found that after 22 years of establishment, exclosures in the Ethiopian highlands had double the plant species richness and diversity value compared to communal grazing pastures. Exclosures are often the best way to improve soil fertility and vegetation diversity and richness in Ethiopia's highlands when compared to open ground, grazing land, crop land, and communal land.
},
year = {2025}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effects of Exclosures on Vegetative and Soil Fertility Improvement in the Highlands of Ethiopia: Review AU - Adane Mulat Nigus AU - Getu Abebe Messalea AU - Abere Kibeb Kebede Y1 - 2025/12/03 PY - 2025 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12 T2 - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy JF - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy JO - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy SP - 152 EP - 160 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-7536 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20251306.12 AB - Land degradation, which includes all elements that reduce the land's ability to function and generate ecosystem products and services, is the ongoing deterioration of the land's loss of productive capacity. 50% of the Ethiopian highlands had experienced major erosion, posing serious ecological and socioeconomic problems for both the rural populations' way of life and the environment. To reduce these problems locals’ experienced different mechanisms from the Exclosures is the one. Exclosures are places that are off-limits to domestic animals and humans in order to encourage plant regeneration naturally and lessen the degradation of formerly deteriorated communal grazing fields. Exclosures have been used extensively and have demonstrated encouraging outcomes in restoring damaged areas through natural regeneration with little financial or input needed. The review paper's overall goal is to examine the effects of exclosures on increases in soil fertility and vegetative growth in Ethiopia's highlands. Exacerbates the degradation of Ethiopia's soil, vegetation cover, and nutrient depletion, land degradation poses a serious challenge to sustainable land use and impacts the livelihood of the country's rural population. In contrast to open land, which had low species richness and evenly dispersed species, exclosures had higher diversity, richer biodiversity, and a less even distribution of species. Scholars found that after 22 years of establishment, exclosures in the Ethiopian highlands had double the plant species richness and diversity value compared to communal grazing pastures. Exclosures are often the best way to improve soil fertility and vegetation diversity and richness in Ethiopia's highlands when compared to open ground, grazing land, crop land, and communal land. VL - 13 IS - 6 ER -
College of Natural Resource and Environmental Science, Oda Bultum University, Chiro, Ethiopia
Gondar Agricultural Research Centre (GARC), Amhara Agricultural Research Institute (ARARI), Gondar, Ethiopia
Ethiopian Forestry Development, Plantation and Restoration Section in Central Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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