Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 17 May 2016 Accepted: 25 May 2016 Published: 7 June 2016

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Abstract

The vertical diffusion of salt and heat throughout the water column at two stations along the northern Egyptian continental slope has been investigated. Seasonal profiles of the vertical transport salt showed that generally a downward salt flux occurred throughout the water column; however, upward salt fluxes intermittently occurred in the sub surface layer at depths between 75 m - 150 m. Seasonal averages of salt flux ranged from a minimum of -1.7 X 10^-11 kg m^-2s^-1 directed downwards during autumn to a maximum of 1.6 X 10^-8 kg m^-2s^-1 directed upwards during winter. Vertical diffusion of heat for the four seasons has been found to be directed downwards throughout the whole water column. Estimates of seasonally averages of heat flux varied from a minimum of -1.6 X 10^-5 m^-2s^-1 attained during spring to a maximum of -1.1 X 10^-2 m^-2s^-1 attained during summer.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
Page(s)	110-114
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salt Diffusion, Heat Diffusion, Vertical Mixing

References

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[2]	T. R. Osborn, "Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements", J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10: 83-89, 1980.
[3]	W. Munka and, C. Wunschb, "Abyssal Recipes II: Energetics of tidal and wind mixing". Deep sea research, Part I: 45 (12): 1977-2010, 1998.
[4]	S. Kobayashia, J. H. Simpson, T. Fujiwarab, and K. J. Porburghc, "Tidal stirring and its impact on water column stability and property distribution in a semi enclosed shelf sea (Seto Island, Japan)". Continental shelf Res. 26 (11): 1295-1306, 2006.
[5]	E. P. Hornea, J. W. Lodera, C. E. Naimeb and N. S. Oakeyb, "Turbulent dissipation rates and nitrate supply in the upper water column on Georges Bank, Canada". Deep sea Res. Part II. Topical studies in Oceanography, 43 (7-8): 1683-1712, 1996.
[6]	L. N. Ly, W. Roland and Jr. Garwood, "Numerical modeling of wave-enhanced turbulence in the oceanic upper layer. J. Oceanography, Vol. 56, pp. 473-483, 2000.
[7]	S. H. Sharaf El Din, F. M. Eid, N. N. Saad, K. A. Alam El Din and M. S. Elsharkawy. "A numerical study of turbulent mixing parameters at the Nile Delta, north of the Egyptian coast". Inter. J. of Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 2 (12), pp. 422-428, 2010.
[8]	S. H. Sharaf El Din, M. S. Elsharkawy. "Mixing pattern off north eastern Egyptian continental slope". Proc. 15th Inter. Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo-Conferences, SGEM 2015. pp. 659-666, 2015.
[9]	H. Peters, "Spatial and temporal variability of turbulent mixing in an estuary", J. Mar. Sci, 57: 805-845, 1999.
[10]	T. R. Osborn "Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements". J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10: 83-89, 1980.
[11]	R. L. Molinari, J. Swallow and J. F. Festa, "Evolution of the near surface thermal structure in the western Indian Ocean during FGGE, 1979". J. Mar. Sci. 44: 739-762, 1986.

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Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. (2016). Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(3), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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ACS Style

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(3), 110-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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AMA Style

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(3):110-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17,
  author = {Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy},
  title = {Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {110-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160403.17},
  abstract = {The vertical diffusion of salt and heat throughout the water column at two stations along the northern Egyptian continental slope has been investigated. Seasonal profiles of the vertical transport salt showed that generally a downward salt flux occurred throughout the water column; however, upward salt fluxes intermittently occurred in the sub surface layer at depths between 75 m - 150 m. Seasonal averages of salt flux ranged from a minimum of -1.7 X 10-11 kg m-2s-1 directed downwards during autumn to a maximum of 1.6 X 10-8 kg m-2s-1 directed upwards during winter. Vertical diffusion of heat for the four seasons has been found to be directed downwards throughout the whole water column. Estimates of seasonally averages of heat flux varied from a minimum of -1.6 X 10-5 m-2s-1 attained during spring to a maximum of -1.1 X 10-2 m-2s-1 attained during summer.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope
AU  - Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy
Y1  - 2016/06/07
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 110
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
AB  - The vertical diffusion of salt and heat throughout the water column at two stations along the northern Egyptian continental slope has been investigated. Seasonal profiles of the vertical transport salt showed that generally a downward salt flux occurred throughout the water column; however, upward salt fluxes intermittently occurred in the sub surface layer at depths between 75 m - 150 m. Seasonal averages of salt flux ranged from a minimum of -1.7 X 10-11 kg m-2s-1 directed downwards during autumn to a maximum of 1.6 X 10-8 kg m-2s-1 directed upwards during winter. Vertical diffusion of heat for the four seasons has been found to be directed downwards throughout the whole water column. Estimates of seasonally averages of heat flux varied from a minimum of -1.6 X 10-5 m-2s-1 attained during spring to a maximum of -1.1 X 10-2 m-2s-1 attained during summer.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Physical Laboratory, Alexandria, Egypt

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APA Style

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. (2016). Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 4(3), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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ACS Style

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2016, 4(3), 110-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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AMA Style

Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy. Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(3):110-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17,
  author = {Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy},
  title = {Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {110-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20160403.17},
  abstract = {The vertical diffusion of salt and heat throughout the water column at two stations along the northern Egyptian continental slope has been investigated. Seasonal profiles of the vertical transport salt showed that generally a downward salt flux occurred throughout the water column; however, upward salt fluxes intermittently occurred in the sub surface layer at depths between 75 m - 150 m. Seasonal averages of salt flux ranged from a minimum of -1.7 X 10-11 kg m-2s-1 directed downwards during autumn to a maximum of 1.6 X 10-8 kg m-2s-1 directed upwards during winter. Vertical diffusion of heat for the four seasons has been found to be directed downwards throughout the whole water column. Estimates of seasonally averages of heat flux varied from a minimum of -1.6 X 10-5 m-2s-1 attained during spring to a maximum of -1.1 X 10-2 m-2s-1 attained during summer.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Seasonal Variability of Salt and Heat Diffusion off North Eastern Egyptian Continental Slope
AU  - Mohamed Salama Elsharkawy
Y1  - 2016/06/07
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP  - 110
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7667
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20160403.17
AB  - The vertical diffusion of salt and heat throughout the water column at two stations along the northern Egyptian continental slope has been investigated. Seasonal profiles of the vertical transport salt showed that generally a downward salt flux occurred throughout the water column; however, upward salt fluxes intermittently occurred in the sub surface layer at depths between 75 m - 150 m. Seasonal averages of salt flux ranged from a minimum of -1.7 X 10-11 kg m-2s-1 directed downwards during autumn to a maximum of 1.6 X 10-8 kg m-2s-1 directed upwards during winter. Vertical diffusion of heat for the four seasons has been found to be directed downwards throughout the whole water column. Estimates of seasonally averages of heat flux varied from a minimum of -1.6 X 10-5 m-2s-1 attained during spring to a maximum of -1.1 X 10-2 m-2s-1 attained during summer.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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