Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe

Muisa Norah; Zingundu Shumirai; Mangori Lynda Zelma; Mupfiga Upenyu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe

Muisa Norah, Zingundu Shumirai, Mangori Lynda Zelma, Mupfiga Upenyu

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 27 March 2015 Accepted: 15 April 2015 Published: 27 April 2015

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Abstract

Disposal of untreated sewage into surface waters is common in most developing countries. Any physico-chemical, or biological condition that prevents the designated uses of a water body represents poor water quality. This study was carried out on Middle Manyame River, a major source of potable water in Chinhoyi town. The study sought to ascertain the impacts of discharging untreated sewage on the water quality of Middle Manyame River. The following parameters were determined using APHA standard methods; nitrates, phosphates, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Sampling was done in November 2013, March 2014, and May 2014. All the parameters, except for pH and temperature, exceeded acceptable water quality standards for the sites downstream of the sewage discharge points. This indicated that the improper sewage discharge was the major contributor to poor water quality, among other activities such as agricultural runoff. It was concluded from the study that sewage effluent from the Municipality of Chinhoyi sewage works was mainly responsible for pollution along Middle Manyame River. This pollution has also put the river at risk of eutrophication. It was recommended that there should be rehabilitation and upgrading of sewage systems in Chinhoyi.

Published in	International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14
Page(s)	133-138
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Middle Manyame River, Chinhoyi, Sewage, Water Quality, Eutrophication

References

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[17]	Zimbabwe National Water Authority (cited as ZINWA). (2000). Operational Guidelines for the Control of Water Pollution in Zimbabwe, 2000. Harare, Zimbabwe: Government Publishers.
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APA Style

Muisa Norah, Zingundu Shumirai, Mangori Lynda Zelma, Mupfiga Upenyu. (2015). Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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ACS Style

Muisa Norah; Zingundu Shumirai; Mangori Lynda Zelma; Mupfiga Upenyu. Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 133-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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AMA Style

Muisa Norah, Zingundu Shumirai, Mangori Lynda Zelma, Mupfiga Upenyu. Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):133-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14,
  author = {Muisa Norah and Zingundu Shumirai and Mangori Lynda Zelma and Mupfiga Upenyu},
  title = {Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-138},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.14},
  abstract = {Disposal of untreated sewage into surface waters is common in most developing countries. Any physico-chemical, or biological condition that prevents the designated uses of a water body represents poor water quality. This study was carried out on Middle Manyame River, a major source of potable water in Chinhoyi town. The study sought to ascertain the impacts of discharging untreated sewage on the water quality of Middle Manyame River. The following parameters were determined using APHA standard methods; nitrates, phosphates, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Sampling was done in November 2013, March 2014, and May 2014. All the parameters, except for pH and temperature, exceeded acceptable water quality standards for the sites downstream of the sewage discharge points. This indicated that the improper sewage discharge was the major contributor to poor water quality, among other activities such as agricultural runoff. It was concluded from the study that sewage effluent from the Municipality of Chinhoyi sewage works was mainly responsible for pollution along Middle Manyame River. This pollution has also put the river at risk of eutrophication. It was recommended that there should be rehabilitation and upgrading of sewage systems in Chinhoyi.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe
AU - Muisa Norah
AU - Zingundu Shumirai
AU - Mangori Lynda Zelma
AU - Mupfiga Upenyu
Y1 - 2015/04/27
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14
T2 - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JF - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
JO - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
SP - 133
EP - 138
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-7667
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14
AB - Disposal of untreated sewage into surface waters is common in most developing countries. Any physico-chemical, or biological condition that prevents the designated uses of a water body represents poor water quality. This study was carried out on Middle Manyame River, a major source of potable water in Chinhoyi town. The study sought to ascertain the impacts of discharging untreated sewage on the water quality of Middle Manyame River. The following parameters were determined using APHA standard methods; nitrates, phosphates, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Sampling was done in November 2013, March 2014, and May 2014. All the parameters, except for pH and temperature, exceeded acceptable water quality standards for the sites downstream of the sewage discharge points. This indicated that the improper sewage discharge was the major contributor to poor water quality, among other activities such as agricultural runoff. It was concluded from the study that sewage effluent from the Municipality of Chinhoyi sewage works was mainly responsible for pollution along Middle Manyame River. This pollution has also put the river at risk of eutrophication. It was recommended that there should be rehabilitation and upgrading of sewage systems in Chinhoyi.
VL - 3
IS - 3
ER -

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Author Information

Muisa Norah

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Environmental Science and Technology Department, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Zingundu Shumirai

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Environmental Science and Technology Department, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Mangori Lynda Zelma

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Environmental Science and Technology Department, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Mupfiga Upenyu

Chinhoyi University of Technology, Environmental Science and Technology Department, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe

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APA Style

Muisa Norah, Zingundu Shumirai, Mangori Lynda Zelma, Mupfiga Upenyu. (2015). Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(3), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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ACS Style

Muisa Norah; Zingundu Shumirai; Mangori Lynda Zelma; Mupfiga Upenyu. Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(3), 133-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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AMA Style

Muisa Norah, Zingundu Shumirai, Mangori Lynda Zelma, Mupfiga Upenyu. Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(3):133-138. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14,
  author = {Muisa Norah and Zingundu Shumirai and Mangori Lynda Zelma and Mupfiga Upenyu},
  title = {Impacts of Untreated Sewage Discharge on Water Quality of Middle Manyame River: A Case of Chinhoyi Town, Zimbabwe},
  journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {133-138},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150303.14},
  abstract = {Disposal of untreated sewage into surface waters is common in most developing countries. Any physico-chemical, or biological condition that prevents the designated uses of a water body represents poor water quality. This study was carried out on Middle Manyame River, a major source of potable water in Chinhoyi town. The study sought to ascertain the impacts of discharging untreated sewage on the water quality of Middle Manyame River. The following parameters were determined using APHA standard methods; nitrates, phosphates, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Sampling was done in November 2013, March 2014, and May 2014. All the parameters, except for pH and temperature, exceeded acceptable water quality standards for the sites downstream of the sewage discharge points. This indicated that the improper sewage discharge was the major contributor to poor water quality, among other activities such as agricultural runoff. It was concluded from the study that sewage effluent from the Municipality of Chinhoyi sewage works was mainly responsible for pollution along Middle Manyame River. This pollution has also put the river at risk of eutrophication. It was recommended that there should be rehabilitation and upgrading of sewage systems in Chinhoyi.},
 year = {2015}
}

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