Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO<sub>2</sub> Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and Using Mauna Loa as Background

Matar Sène; Maurice Ndeye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO₂ Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO₂ and Using Mauna Loa as Background

Matar Sène, Maurice Ndeye

Published in International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 4, Issue 4)

Received: 2 July 2019 Accepted: 26 July 2019 Published: 3 September 2019

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Abstract

We investigated the atmospheric ∆¹⁴C level and the fossil fuel CO₂ concentration in Dakar area from 1960 to 2010 by using the radiocarbon measurements obtained from tree leaves samples. We used the Carbon-14 dating method with a Liquid Scintillation Counter and an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical pretreatments, then, they were transformed into benzene for the counting. The results show that the largest maxima of the ¹⁴C concentration (∆¹⁴C) are recorded at sites such as the SAR Factory (773‰ in 1964), Mbao Forest 2 (677‰ in 1966) and UCAD Botanic Garden (522‰ in 1970) and the smallest minima are the Airport Runway (45‰ in 2010), the Beach 2 (48‰ in 2009), the Mbao Forest 2 (59‰ in 2007), the SAR Factory (71‰ in 2005), Soumbedioune Market (80‰ in 2003) and Ucad Botanic Garden (91‰ in 2000). The Comparative curve of the minimum and the maximum values of ∆¹⁴C_bg (background) and ∆¹⁴C_meas (measured) show that ¹⁴C concentration of the sites are lower than ¹⁴C concentration in clean air. This can be correlated with the increase of the fossil fuel derived CO₂ caused by human activities such as population density, industrials emissions, and traffic. The evaluation of the fossil fuel concentration (CO_2ff) by mass balance equations, show, in most of the sites, an increase of the level of CO_2ff. Exceptional cases are obtained in Mbao Forest 1 and for UCAD Botanic Garden sites. One explanation of the values is that sites are much wooded these last years.

Published in	International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 4, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
Page(s)	52-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fossil Fuel CO₂, ¹⁴C Concentration (∆¹⁴C), Radiocarbon, Leaves, Clean Area

References

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APA Style

Matar Sène, Maurice Ndeye. (2019). Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 4(4), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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ACS Style

Matar Sène; Maurice Ndeye. Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 4(4), 52-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Matar Sène, Maurice Ndeye. Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2019;4(4):52-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11,
  author = {Matar Sène and Maurice Ndeye},
  title = {Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20190404.11},
  abstract = {We investigated the atmospheric ∆14C level and the fossil fuel CO2 concentration in Dakar area from 1960 to 2010 by using the radiocarbon measurements obtained from tree leaves samples. We used the Carbon-14 dating method with a Liquid Scintillation Counter and an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical pretreatments, then, they were transformed into benzene for the counting. The results show that the largest maxima of the 14C concentration (∆14C) are recorded at sites such as the SAR Factory (773‰ in 1964), Mbao Forest 2 (677‰ in 1966) and UCAD Botanic Garden (522‰ in 1970) and the smallest minima are the Airport Runway (45‰ in 2010), the Beach 2 (48‰ in 2009), the Mbao Forest 2 (59‰ in 2007), the SAR Factory (71‰ in 2005), Soumbedioune Market (80‰ in 2003) and Ucad Botanic Garden (91‰ in 2000). The Comparative curve of the minimum and the maximum values of ∆14Cbg (background) and ∆14Cmeas (measured) show that 14C concentration of the sites are lower than 14C concentration in clean air. This can be correlated with the increase of the fossil fuel derived CO2 caused by human activities such as population density, industrials emissions, and traffic. The evaluation of the fossil fuel concentration (CO2ff) by mass balance equations, show, in most of the sites, an increase of the level of CO2ff. Exceptional cases are obtained in Mbao Forest 1 and for UCAD Botanic Garden sites. One explanation of the values is that sites are much wooded these last years.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background
AU  - Matar Sène
AU  - Maurice Ndeye
Y1  - 2019/09/03
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
SP  - 52
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9546
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
AB  - We investigated the atmospheric ∆14C level and the fossil fuel CO2 concentration in Dakar area from 1960 to 2010 by using the radiocarbon measurements obtained from tree leaves samples. We used the Carbon-14 dating method with a Liquid Scintillation Counter and an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical pretreatments, then, they were transformed into benzene for the counting. The results show that the largest maxima of the 14C concentration (∆14C) are recorded at sites such as the SAR Factory (773‰ in 1964), Mbao Forest 2 (677‰ in 1966) and UCAD Botanic Garden (522‰ in 1970) and the smallest minima are the Airport Runway (45‰ in 2010), the Beach 2 (48‰ in 2009), the Mbao Forest 2 (59‰ in 2007), the SAR Factory (71‰ in 2005), Soumbedioune Market (80‰ in 2003) and Ucad Botanic Garden (91‰ in 2000). The Comparative curve of the minimum and the maximum values of ∆14Cbg (background) and ∆14Cmeas (measured) show that 14C concentration of the sites are lower than 14C concentration in clean air. This can be correlated with the increase of the fossil fuel derived CO2 caused by human activities such as population density, industrials emissions, and traffic. The evaluation of the fossil fuel concentration (CO2ff) by mass balance equations, show, in most of the sites, an increase of the level of CO2ff. Exceptional cases are obtained in Mbao Forest 1 and for UCAD Botanic Garden sites. One explanation of the values is that sites are much wooded these last years.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Matar Sène

Department of Physics, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
Maurice Ndeye

Radiocarbon Laboratory, Institut Fondamentale d’Afrique Noire (IFAN), Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal

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APA Style

Matar Sène, Maurice Ndeye. (2019). Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 4(4), 52-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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ACS Style

Matar Sène; Maurice Ndeye. Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 4(4), 52-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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AMA Style

Matar Sène, Maurice Ndeye. Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2019;4(4):52-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11,
  author = {Matar Sène and Maurice Ndeye},
  title = {Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {4},
  pages = {52-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20190404.11},
  abstract = {We investigated the atmospheric ∆14C level and the fossil fuel CO2 concentration in Dakar area from 1960 to 2010 by using the radiocarbon measurements obtained from tree leaves samples. We used the Carbon-14 dating method with a Liquid Scintillation Counter and an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical pretreatments, then, they were transformed into benzene for the counting. The results show that the largest maxima of the 14C concentration (∆14C) are recorded at sites such as the SAR Factory (773‰ in 1964), Mbao Forest 2 (677‰ in 1966) and UCAD Botanic Garden (522‰ in 1970) and the smallest minima are the Airport Runway (45‰ in 2010), the Beach 2 (48‰ in 2009), the Mbao Forest 2 (59‰ in 2007), the SAR Factory (71‰ in 2005), Soumbedioune Market (80‰ in 2003) and Ucad Botanic Garden (91‰ in 2000). The Comparative curve of the minimum and the maximum values of ∆14Cbg (background) and ∆14Cmeas (measured) show that 14C concentration of the sites are lower than 14C concentration in clean air. This can be correlated with the increase of the fossil fuel derived CO2 caused by human activities such as population density, industrials emissions, and traffic. The evaluation of the fossil fuel concentration (CO2ff) by mass balance equations, show, in most of the sites, an increase of the level of CO2ff. Exceptional cases are obtained in Mbao Forest 1 and for UCAD Botanic Garden sites. One explanation of the values is that sites are much wooded these last years.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Quantifying Fossil Fuel CO2 Component over Dakar from 1960 to 2010 by Radiocarbon Observation in Atmospheric CO2 and Using Mauna Loa as Background
AU  - Matar Sène
AU  - Maurice Ndeye
Y1  - 2019/09/03
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
SP  - 52
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9546
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190404.11
AB  - We investigated the atmospheric ∆14C level and the fossil fuel CO2 concentration in Dakar area from 1960 to 2010 by using the radiocarbon measurements obtained from tree leaves samples. We used the Carbon-14 dating method with a Liquid Scintillation Counter and an Accelerator Mass Spectrometer. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical pretreatments, then, they were transformed into benzene for the counting. The results show that the largest maxima of the 14C concentration (∆14C) are recorded at sites such as the SAR Factory (773‰ in 1964), Mbao Forest 2 (677‰ in 1966) and UCAD Botanic Garden (522‰ in 1970) and the smallest minima are the Airport Runway (45‰ in 2010), the Beach 2 (48‰ in 2009), the Mbao Forest 2 (59‰ in 2007), the SAR Factory (71‰ in 2005), Soumbedioune Market (80‰ in 2003) and Ucad Botanic Garden (91‰ in 2000). The Comparative curve of the minimum and the maximum values of ∆14Cbg (background) and ∆14Cmeas (measured) show that 14C concentration of the sites are lower than 14C concentration in clean air. This can be correlated with the increase of the fossil fuel derived CO2 caused by human activities such as population density, industrials emissions, and traffic. The evaluation of the fossil fuel concentration (CO2ff) by mass balance equations, show, in most of the sites, an increase of the level of CO2ff. Exceptional cases are obtained in Mbao Forest 1 and for UCAD Botanic Garden sites. One explanation of the values is that sites are much wooded these last years.
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
ER  -

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