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Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia

Received: 5 March 2019     Accepted: 15 April 2019     Published: 23 July 2019
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Abstract

Major problems facing modern society include the provision of energy with the minimum generation of pollution, and the environmentally friendly disposal of waste. This work was part of a major study that examined the policy and technology implications of alternatives for managing the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of Adama (Nazareth) City (Town). Consequently, to accomplish the objectives both primary and secondary data sources applied for the study. The primary data were collected via questionnaires, interview, and field observations. Whereas the secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials. At this time, of the 71700 metric tons of MSW collected by the town annually are land filled. Despite the heterogeneity of organic materials in MSW, the composite molecular structure can be approximated by the organic compound C6H10O4. A formula was derived that allows the prediction of the heating value of MSW as a function of moisture content and compares well with experimentally derived values. The performance of a leading Waste-to-Energy plant that utilizes suspension firing of shredded MSW, processes one 71700 metric tons of MSW per year, and generates a net of 3.1 MW/yr electricity was examined. The results of this study showed that WTE processing of the MSW reduces fossil fuel consumption and is environmentally superior to land filling.

Published in International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11
Page(s) 35-46
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Municipal Solid Waste, Energy Recovery, Waste-to-Energy Balance, Equipment Sizing, Feasibility Cost Analysis

References
[1] Ayodeji Ifegbesan, Exploring secondary school students’ understanding and practices of waste management in Ogun State, Nigeria, International jornual of environmental &science education, Vol. 5, No. 2, April 2010, 201-215.
[2] L. A. Guerrero, G. Maas, and W. Hogland, Solid waste management challenges for cities in developing countries. Waste Management, 2013. 33: p. 220-232.
[3] R. Marshall, and K. Farahbakhsh, Systems approaches to integrated solid waste management in developing countries. Waste Management, 2013. 33: p. 988-1003.
[4] Mesfin Assefa1, Muktar Mohammed2, Solid Waste Generation Rate and Characterization Study for Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Town, Oromia, Ethiopia, International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy 2017; 5 (6): 84-93.
[5] Adama town Administration Municipality, 2005.
[6] Harker JH, Buckhurst JR. Fuel and energy, Composition of municipal waste arising in the European country, London: Academic Press, 1981.
[7] John W. Bartok, Heating value of each component of solid waste (Approximate Heating Value of Common Fuels), December 2004)
[8] Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, 1996.
[9] http://www.matche.com, 2013.
[10] Kreith F. (1994), Hand book of Solid Waste Management, Mc Graw-Hill Inc. U.S.A.
[11] Berenyi, E. (1999), Methane Recovery from Landfill Yearbook, 5th Edition, Governmental Advisory Associates, Westport, CT.
[12] Brady, M. H. (2000), “Materials and Energy Recovery from the Dry Stream of New York City’s Residential Waste”, M. S. Thesis, Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.
[13] Municipal solid wastes (management and handling) rules, 2000 annual report 2004-2005.
[14] Tchobanoglous G., Theisen H., and Eliasssen R., 1977. Principles and Management Issues Mc Grow-Hill Kogakush, Tokyo. Solid Waste Engineering.
[15] Brady, M. H. (2000) “Materials and Energy Recovery from the Dry Stream of New York City’s Residential Waste”, M. S. Thesis, Earth Resources Engineering, Columbia University.
[16] Walsh 2000, Walsh, D. C., S. N. Chillrud, H. J. Simpson, and R. F. Bopp, 2000, “Refuse Incinerator Particulate Emissions and Combustion Residues for New York City during the 20th Century”, Environmental Science and Technology, in press.
[17] Lema Asfaw. Truck in a duty of primary and secondary waste collection. Journal of Environmental Science (2004).
[18] Julius N. Fobil. Evaluation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) for utilization in energy production in developing countries (2005).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Melaku Tafese Awulachew. (2019). Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 4(3), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11

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    ACS Style

    Melaku Tafese Awulachew. Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 4(3), 35-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11

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    AMA Style

    Melaku Tafese Awulachew. Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2019;4(3):35-46. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11,
      author = {Melaku Tafese Awulachew},
      title = {Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {35-46},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20190403.11},
      abstract = {Major problems facing modern society include the provision of energy with the minimum generation of pollution, and the environmentally friendly disposal of waste. This work was part of a major study that examined the policy and technology implications of alternatives for managing the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of Adama (Nazareth) City (Town). Consequently, to accomplish the objectives both primary and secondary data sources applied for the study. The primary data were collected via questionnaires, interview, and field observations. Whereas the secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials. At this time, of the 71700 metric tons of MSW collected by the town annually are land filled. Despite the heterogeneity of organic materials in MSW, the composite molecular structure can be approximated by the organic compound C6H10O4. A formula was derived that allows the prediction of the heating value of MSW as a function of moisture content and compares well with experimentally derived values. The performance of a leading Waste-to-Energy plant that utilizes suspension firing of shredded MSW, processes one 71700 metric tons of MSW per year, and generates a net of 3.1 MW/yr electricity was examined. The results of this study showed that WTE processing of the MSW reduces fossil fuel consumption and is environmentally superior to land filling.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Energy Recovery from Solid Waste for Nazareth/Adama City, Ethiopia
    AU  - Melaku Tafese Awulachew
    Y1  - 2019/07/23
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11
    T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
    SP  - 35
    EP  - 46
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9546
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190403.11
    AB  - Major problems facing modern society include the provision of energy with the minimum generation of pollution, and the environmentally friendly disposal of waste. This work was part of a major study that examined the policy and technology implications of alternatives for managing the municipal solid wastes (MSW) of Adama (Nazareth) City (Town). Consequently, to accomplish the objectives both primary and secondary data sources applied for the study. The primary data were collected via questionnaires, interview, and field observations. Whereas the secondary data were extracted from different published and unpublished materials. At this time, of the 71700 metric tons of MSW collected by the town annually are land filled. Despite the heterogeneity of organic materials in MSW, the composite molecular structure can be approximated by the organic compound C6H10O4. A formula was derived that allows the prediction of the heating value of MSW as a function of moisture content and compares well with experimentally derived values. The performance of a leading Waste-to-Energy plant that utilizes suspension firing of shredded MSW, processes one 71700 metric tons of MSW per year, and generates a net of 3.1 MW/yr electricity was examined. The results of this study showed that WTE processing of the MSW reduces fossil fuel consumption and is environmentally superior to land filling.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Food Science and Nutrition Research Process, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Assela, Ethiopia

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