Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis; N’Guessan Kotchi Remi; Adama Ouattara

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis, N’Guessan Kotchi Remi, Adama Ouattara

Published in International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 29 January 2019 Accepted: 13 March 2019 Published: 10 April 2019

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Abstract

The latest analysis realized by the Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) of Côte d’Ivoire in March 2017, reveals that the liquid effluents resulting from the processing of palm oil fruits in the industrial process of palm oil that is studied in this work are, highly charge in organic matter (COD are between 60 000 mg/l to 90 000 mg/l; and there BOD₅ are situated between 15 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l for a volume of 0.7 m³/ T). This is not in accordance with ISO environmental protection requirement and the decree N^° 01164 - MINEF- CIAPOL- SDIID of 04/11/2008 which recommend a decrease of their BOD₅ from 30 000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l by treating liquid effluents in an effective anaerobic device with an recuperation and valorization (combustion in an biogas engine witch produce electricity) of methane that these liquid effluents contain. Doing so, this methane will not be rejected in the atmosphere. In the second hand by a final treatment of degraded effluents through the irrigation system of industrial plantations. It should be noted that for the case studied here, the average tonnage of production of Palm Oil fruit bunches is 200000 tons per year. This transformation of palm oil fruits will produce about 140 000 m³ of liquid wastes per year. Base on laboratory experiences, the conclusion is that, 1m³ of waste can produce 32 Nm³ of biogas. Knowing that 1 Nm³ of biogas equal 5000 kcal which equal 5.81 kWh, in consequence a 17 GWh producible of electricity per year is expected. The generated electricity can supplement all external energy power supplies to the plants and provide needed energy to all villages around. The project will allow the industrial process to reduce their energy cost as well as protecting the environment around. The work done here will be beneficial for the industrial process because it will allow on one hand to save energy and on the other hand to produce fertilizer for palm oil fields.

Published in	International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
Page(s)	10-17
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Palm Oil, Waste Effluents, Sustainable Development, Energy, Biogas, Electricity, Environmental Protection

References

[1]	CIAPOL, MISE EN CONFORMITE DES HUILERIES DE PALMCI, Convention n0002/07/04/2015/ CIAPOL-PALMCI, Inspection et Evaluation de la qualité des rejets et émissions des eaux usées de process des huileries de PALMCI et leur impact dans le milieu récepteur.
[2]	Ministère de l’Environnement, des Eaux et Forêts, (2008). Arrêté N°01164/MINEEF/CIAPOL/SDIIC du 04 Nov. 2008, portant Réglementation des Rejets et Emissions des Installations Classées pour la Protection de l’Environnement. Ministère de l’Environnement, des Eaux et Forêts/Centre Ivoirien Antipollution.
[3]	Ph. Dufour, (1982), Influence des conditions de milieu sur la biodégradation des matières organiques dans une lagune tropicale, Antenne ORSTOM, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), 74203 Thonon-les-Bains, France. OCEANOLOGICA ACTA 1982 - VOL. 5 - No 3, ISSN: 0399-1 784/.
[4]	Effebi K. R. (2009) lagunage anaérobie: modélisation combinant la decantation primaire et la degradation anaérobie, Thèse de doctorat, Sciences et gestion de l’environnement, Université de Liège.
[5]	Schanes, K., Dobernig, K., & Gözet, B, (2018), Food waste matters-A systematic review of household food waste practices and their policy implications. Journal of Cleaner Production, 182, 978-991.
[6]	Zamanzadeh, M., Hagen, L. H., Svensson, K., Linjordet, R., & Horn, S. J. (2017). Biogas production from food waste via co-digestion and digestion-effects on performance and microbial ecology. Scientific reports, 7(1), 17664.
[7]	R. Borja, C. J. Banks, (1994), kinetics of methane production from palm oil mill effluent in an immobilised cell bioreactor using saponite as support medium, Elsevier, p209- 214, ISSN 0960-8524.
[8]	R. Bourgeois et D. Cogniel, «Mémotech électrotechnique plus», 7 édition page 95-192; 449-452 et 592. ème.
[9]	ADEME, (1999), le Biogaz et sa valorisation, Guide méthodologique, ADEME – GDF Paris.
[10]	KOUADIO MARC CYRIL1, KOUAKOU ADJOUMANI RODRIGUE; KRA ESSI; TROKOUREY ALBERT 1, AKICHI AGBOUÉ, (2018), anaerobic bioconversion of food waste into energy: Case study of the food waste from Akouedo landfill, Côte d’Ivoire, JOURNAL OF ULTRA CHEMISTRY. JUC Vol. 14(4), 142-145 Periodicity 2-Monthly. ISSN 0973-3450.
[11]	P Arveen Fatemeh Rupani, Rajeev Pratap Singh, M. Hakimi Ibrahim and Norizan Esa, (2010), Review of Current Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment Methods: Vermicomposting as a Sustainable Practice, World Applied Sciences Journal 10(10): 1190-1201, ISSN 1818-4952.
[12]	Chin, M. J., P. E. Poh, B. T. Tey, E. S. Chan and K. L. Chin, (2013), Biogas from palm oil mill effluent (POME): Opportunities and challenges from Malaysia's perspective. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev, 26: 717-726.
[13]	Metcalf, Eddy, (2003), Wastewater engineering treatment and reuse. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill; p. 96–7. ISBN-13: 978-0071241403.
[14]	Yacob, S., Hassan, M. A., Shirai, Y., Wakisaka, M., and Subash, M., (2006), “Baseline Study of Methane Emission from Anaerobic Ponds of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment,” Sci. Total Environ. 366, pp. 187-196.

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Kra Essi Kouadio Francis, N’Guessan Kotchi Remi, Adama Ouattara. (2019). Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 4(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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ACS Style

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis; N’Guessan Kotchi Remi; Adama Ouattara. Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 4(1), 10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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AMA Style

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis, N’Guessan Kotchi Remi, Adama Ouattara. Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2019;4(1):10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12,
  author = {Kra Essi Kouadio Francis and N’Guessan Kotchi Remi and Adama Ouattara},
  title = {Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20190401.12},
  abstract = {The latest analysis realized by the Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) of Côte d’Ivoire in March 2017, reveals that the liquid effluents resulting from the processing of palm oil fruits in the industrial process of palm oil that is studied in this work are, highly charge in organic matter (COD are between 60 000 mg/l to 90 000 mg/l; and there BOD5 are situated between 15 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l for a volume of 0.7 m3/ T). This is not in accordance with ISO environmental protection requirement and the decree N° 01164 - MINEF- CIAPOL- SDIID of 04/11/2008 which recommend a decrease of their BOD5 from 30 000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l by treating liquid effluents in an effective anaerobic device with an recuperation and valorization (combustion in an biogas engine witch produce electricity) of methane that these liquid effluents contain. Doing so, this methane will not be rejected in the atmosphere. In the second hand by a final treatment of degraded effluents through the irrigation system of industrial plantations. It should be noted that for the case studied here, the average tonnage of production of Palm Oil fruit bunches is 200000 tons per year. This transformation of palm oil fruits will produce about 140 000 m3 of liquid wastes per year. Base on laboratory experiences, the conclusion is that, 1m3 of waste can produce 32 Nm3 of biogas. Knowing that 1 Nm3 of biogas equal 5000 kcal which equal 5.81 kWh, in consequence a 17 GWh producible of electricity per year is expected. The generated electricity can supplement all external energy power supplies to the plants and provide needed energy to all villages around. The project will allow the industrial process to reduce their energy cost as well as protecting the environment around. The work done here will be beneficial for the industrial process because it will allow on one hand to save energy and on the other hand to produce fertilizer for palm oil fields.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone
AU  - Kra Essi Kouadio Francis
AU  - N’Guessan Kotchi Remi
AU  - Adama Ouattara
Y1  - 2019/04/10
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
SP  - 10
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9546
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
AB  - The latest analysis realized by the Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) of Côte d’Ivoire in March 2017, reveals that the liquid effluents resulting from the processing of palm oil fruits in the industrial process of palm oil that is studied in this work are, highly charge in organic matter (COD are between 60 000 mg/l to 90 000 mg/l; and there BOD5 are situated between 15 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l for a volume of 0.7 m3/ T). This is not in accordance with ISO environmental protection requirement and the decree N° 01164 - MINEF- CIAPOL- SDIID of 04/11/2008 which recommend a decrease of their BOD5 from 30 000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l by treating liquid effluents in an effective anaerobic device with an recuperation and valorization (combustion in an biogas engine witch produce electricity) of methane that these liquid effluents contain. Doing so, this methane will not be rejected in the atmosphere. In the second hand by a final treatment of degraded effluents through the irrigation system of industrial plantations. It should be noted that for the case studied here, the average tonnage of production of Palm Oil fruit bunches is 200000 tons per year. This transformation of palm oil fruits will produce about 140 000 m3 of liquid wastes per year. Base on laboratory experiences, the conclusion is that, 1m3 of waste can produce 32 Nm3 of biogas. Knowing that 1 Nm3 of biogas equal 5000 kcal which equal 5.81 kWh, in consequence a 17 GWh producible of electricity per year is expected. The generated electricity can supplement all external energy power supplies to the plants and provide needed energy to all villages around. The project will allow the industrial process to reduce their energy cost as well as protecting the environment around. The work done here will be beneficial for the industrial process because it will allow on one hand to save energy and on the other hand to produce fertilizer for palm oil fields.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis

Laboratory of Motors and Energy Conversion Machines, National Polytechnic Institute Houphou?t Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, C?te d’Ivoire
N’Guessan Kotchi Remi

Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Technologies, National Polytechnic Institute Houphou?t Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, C?te d’Ivoire
Adama Ouattara

Laboratory of Industrial Processes, Syntheses and Renewable Energies, National Polytechnic Institute Houphou?t Boigny (INP-HB), Yamoussoukro, C?te d’Ivoire

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APA Style

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis, N’Guessan Kotchi Remi, Adama Ouattara. (2019). Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science, 4(1), 10-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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ACS Style

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis; N’Guessan Kotchi Remi; Adama Ouattara. Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. Int. J. Energy Environ. Sci. 2019, 4(1), 10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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AMA Style

Kra Essi Kouadio Francis, N’Guessan Kotchi Remi, Adama Ouattara. Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone. Int J Energy Environ Sci. 2019;4(1):10-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12,
  author = {Kra Essi Kouadio Francis and N’Guessan Kotchi Remi and Adama Ouattara},
  title = {Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone},
  journal = {International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {10-17},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijees.20190401.12},
  abstract = {The latest analysis realized by the Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) of Côte d’Ivoire in March 2017, reveals that the liquid effluents resulting from the processing of palm oil fruits in the industrial process of palm oil that is studied in this work are, highly charge in organic matter (COD are between 60 000 mg/l to 90 000 mg/l; and there BOD5 are situated between 15 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l for a volume of 0.7 m3/ T). This is not in accordance with ISO environmental protection requirement and the decree N° 01164 - MINEF- CIAPOL- SDIID of 04/11/2008 which recommend a decrease of their BOD5 from 30 000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l by treating liquid effluents in an effective anaerobic device with an recuperation and valorization (combustion in an biogas engine witch produce electricity) of methane that these liquid effluents contain. Doing so, this methane will not be rejected in the atmosphere. In the second hand by a final treatment of degraded effluents through the irrigation system of industrial plantations. It should be noted that for the case studied here, the average tonnage of production of Palm Oil fruit bunches is 200000 tons per year. This transformation of palm oil fruits will produce about 140 000 m3 of liquid wastes per year. Base on laboratory experiences, the conclusion is that, 1m3 of waste can produce 32 Nm3 of biogas. Knowing that 1 Nm3 of biogas equal 5000 kcal which equal 5.81 kWh, in consequence a 17 GWh producible of electricity per year is expected. The generated electricity can supplement all external energy power supplies to the plants and provide needed energy to all villages around. The project will allow the industrial process to reduce their energy cost as well as protecting the environment around. The work done here will be beneficial for the industrial process because it will allow on one hand to save energy and on the other hand to produce fertilizer for palm oil fields.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Valorization of the Energy Potential of Liquid Wastes Effluents: Case of an Oil Palm Agro-Industry in a Tropical Humid Zone
AU  - Kra Essi Kouadio Francis
AU  - N’Guessan Kotchi Remi
AU  - Adama Ouattara
Y1  - 2019/04/10
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
T2  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JF  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
JO  - International Journal of Energy and Environmental Science
SP  - 10
EP  - 17
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9546
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijees.20190401.12
AB  - The latest analysis realized by the Anti-Pollution Center (CIAPOL) of Côte d’Ivoire in March 2017, reveals that the liquid effluents resulting from the processing of palm oil fruits in the industrial process of palm oil that is studied in this work are, highly charge in organic matter (COD are between 60 000 mg/l to 90 000 mg/l; and there BOD5 are situated between 15 000 mg/l to 30 000 mg/l for a volume of 0.7 m3/ T). This is not in accordance with ISO environmental protection requirement and the decree N° 01164 - MINEF- CIAPOL- SDIID of 04/11/2008 which recommend a decrease of their BOD5 from 30 000 mg/l to 3000 mg/l by treating liquid effluents in an effective anaerobic device with an recuperation and valorization (combustion in an biogas engine witch produce electricity) of methane that these liquid effluents contain. Doing so, this methane will not be rejected in the atmosphere. In the second hand by a final treatment of degraded effluents through the irrigation system of industrial plantations. It should be noted that for the case studied here, the average tonnage of production of Palm Oil fruit bunches is 200000 tons per year. This transformation of palm oil fruits will produce about 140 000 m3 of liquid wastes per year. Base on laboratory experiences, the conclusion is that, 1m3 of waste can produce 32 Nm3 of biogas. Knowing that 1 Nm3 of biogas equal 5000 kcal which equal 5.81 kWh, in consequence a 17 GWh producible of electricity per year is expected. The generated electricity can supplement all external energy power supplies to the plants and provide needed energy to all villages around. The project will allow the industrial process to reduce their energy cost as well as protecting the environment around. The work done here will be beneficial for the industrial process because it will allow on one hand to save energy and on the other hand to produce fertilizer for palm oil fields.
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
ER  -

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