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Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Received: 9 October 2025     Accepted: 28 October 2025     Published: 3 December 2025
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Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to late diagnosis and low survival. Studying "long-term survivors" is essential to identifying resilience factors and successful strategies. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of long-term breast cancer survivors at the Yaounde General Hospital (YGH) in Cameroon and and identify factors associated with prolonged survival. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study (2008–2018), we analyzed 204 patient records. Long-term survivors were defined as the 68 patients (33.3% of the cohort) who survived for at least three years after their diagnosis. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to detail their profile. Prognostic factors were identified using a Cox regression model. Results: The cohort was predominantly female (98.5%), with a median overall survival of 73.92 months (6.16 years). Patients were typically diagnosed at earlier stages (IIA, IIB, IIIA), and signs of locally advanced disease were rare. Key prognostic factors included (OR = 8.3, p<0.001), radiotherapy (OR = 2.7, p=0.001), and hormone therapy (OR = 2.9, p=0.001), and achieving a complete clinical response to initial treatment (OR = 4.5, p<0.001). The paradoxical association between relapse occurrence (OR = 2.8, p=0.001), and prolonged survival highlights the role of rigorous follow-up. Conclusion: Long-term survivors are characterized by less aggressive initial presentation and access to complete, multimodal treatment. Prioritizing early diagnosis and continuous oncological follow-up is key to improving regional prognosis.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11
Page(s) 127-134
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Long-term Survivors, Breast Cancer, Profile, Cameroon

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mapoko, B. S. E., Bell, E. D., Mboua, V. B., Ndi, K. C., Atenguena, E., et al. (2025). Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 10(4), 127-134. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11

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    ACS Style

    Mapoko, B. S. E.; Bell, E. D.; Mboua, V. B.; Ndi, K. C.; Atenguena, E., et al. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2025, 10(4), 127-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11

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    AMA Style

    Mapoko BSE, Bell ED, Mboua VB, Ndi KC, Atenguena E, et al. Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2025;10(4):127-134. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11,
      author = {Berthe Sabine Esson Mapoko and Esther Dina Bell and Veronique Batoum Mboua and Kenn Chi Ndi and Etienne Atenguena and Dominique Anaba and Lionel Tabola and Pelagie Douanla and Anne Sango and Ruth Mapenya and Anne Marthe Maison and Sidonie Ananga and Ambroise Ntama and Zacharie Sando and Paul Ndom},
      title = {Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    },
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {127-134},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20251004.11},
      abstract = {Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to late diagnosis and low survival. Studying "long-term survivors" is essential to identifying resilience factors and successful strategies. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of long-term breast cancer survivors at the Yaounde General Hospital (YGH) in Cameroon and and identify factors associated with prolonged survival. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study (2008–2018), we analyzed 204 patient records. Long-term survivors were defined as the 68 patients (33.3% of the cohort) who survived for at least three years after their diagnosis. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to detail their profile. Prognostic factors were identified using a Cox regression model. Results: The cohort was predominantly female (98.5%), with a median overall survival of 73.92 months (6.16 years). Patients were typically diagnosed at earlier stages (IIA, IIB, IIIA), and signs of locally advanced disease were rare. Key prognostic factors included (OR = 8.3, pConclusion: Long-term survivors are characterized by less aggressive initial presentation and access to complete, multimodal treatment. Prioritizing early diagnosis and continuous oncological follow-up is key to improving regional prognosis.
    },
     year = {2025}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Epidemiological, Clinical, and Therapeutic Profile of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors in Cameroon: A Retrospective Cohort Study
    
    AU  - Berthe Sabine Esson Mapoko
    AU  - Esther Dina Bell
    AU  - Veronique Batoum Mboua
    AU  - Kenn Chi Ndi
    AU  - Etienne Atenguena
    AU  - Dominique Anaba
    AU  - Lionel Tabola
    AU  - Pelagie Douanla
    AU  - Anne Sango
    AU  - Ruth Mapenya
    AU  - Anne Marthe Maison
    AU  - Sidonie Ananga
    AU  - Ambroise Ntama
    AU  - Zacharie Sando
    AU  - Paul Ndom
    Y1  - 2025/12/03
    PY  - 2025
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    SP  - 127
    EP  - 134
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9511
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20251004.11
    AB  - Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) due to late diagnosis and low survival. Studying "long-term survivors" is essential to identifying resilience factors and successful strategies. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of long-term breast cancer survivors at the Yaounde General Hospital (YGH) in Cameroon and and identify factors associated with prolonged survival. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study (2008–2018), we analyzed 204 patient records. Long-term survivors were defined as the 68 patients (33.3% of the cohort) who survived for at least three years after their diagnosis. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to detail their profile. Prognostic factors were identified using a Cox regression model. Results: The cohort was predominantly female (98.5%), with a median overall survival of 73.92 months (6.16 years). Patients were typically diagnosed at earlier stages (IIA, IIB, IIIA), and signs of locally advanced disease were rare. Key prognostic factors included (OR = 8.3, pConclusion: Long-term survivors are characterized by less aggressive initial presentation and access to complete, multimodal treatment. Prioritizing early diagnosis and continuous oncological follow-up is key to improving regional prognosis.
    
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

  • Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon

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