Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam; Ajen Stephen Anzaku; Innocent Emmanuel; Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona; Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth; Daru Patrick Haruna; Ocheke Ngozi Amaka; Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, Daru Patrick Haruna, Ocheke Ngozi Amaka, Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 3 January 2018 Accepted: 31 August 2018 Published: 27 September 2018

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Abstract

Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
Page(s)	35-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Papanicolaou Smear Test, Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills, Precancerous Cervical Lesions

References

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[8]	Vaisy A, Lotfinejad S, Zhian F. Risk of combined oral contraceptive use among Iranian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(14):5517-22.
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[15]	Daru PH, Pam IC, Musa J, Daniyan MG, Silas OI, Adewole IF et al.. Cervical Epithelial changes in Tertiary Hospital in northern Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 30(1):109-13.
[16]	Bukar M, Mayun AA, Audu BA and Inuwa A. Prevalence of preinvasive lesions of the cervix in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. J Niger Med Pract 2009; 55(4)52-5.
[17]	Solomon Avidime, Saad A Ahmed, Adekunle Oguntayo, Teni O Abu and James A Ndako. Pattern of Cervical dysplasia among women of reproductive age group in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. J Med Trop 2014; 16:52-5.
[18]	Urmila Banik, Pradip Bhattacharjee, Shahab Uddin Ahamad and Zillur Rahman. Pattern of Epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear: A clinicopathological and demographic correlation. Cyto Journal 2011; 8:8.
[19]	Leonard Ogbonna Ajah, Chibuke Ogwuegbu Chigbu, Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba, Theoplhilus Chimezie Oguanuo and Paul Olisaemeka Ezeonu. Is there any association between hormonal contraceptive and cervical dysplasia in a poor Nigerian setting? Onco Targets Ther 2015; 9: 1887—92.

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APA Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. (2018). Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 3(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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ACS Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam; Ajen Stephen Anzaku; Innocent Emmanuel; Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona; Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2018, 3(3), 35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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AMA Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2018;3(3):35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14,
  author = {Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam and Ajen Stephen Anzaku and Innocent Emmanuel and Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona and Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth and Daru Patrick Haruna and Ocheke Ngozi Amaka and Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent},
  title = {Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  abstract = {Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria
AU  - Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam
AU  - Ajen Stephen Anzaku
AU  - Innocent Emmanuel
AU  - Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona
AU  - Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth
AU  - Daru Patrick Haruna
AU  - Ocheke Ngozi Amaka
AU  - Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent
Y1  - 2018/09/27
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
SP  - 35
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9511
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
AB  - Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Ajen Stephen Anzaku

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Innocent Emmanuel

Department of Histopathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth

National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria
Daru Patrick Haruna

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Ocheke Ngozi Amaka

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria
Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

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APA Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. (2018). Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 3(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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ACS Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam; Ajen Stephen Anzaku; Innocent Emmanuel; Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona; Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2018, 3(3), 35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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AMA Style

Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2018;3(3):35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14,
  author = {Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam and Ajen Stephen Anzaku and Innocent Emmanuel and Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona and Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth and Daru Patrick Haruna and Ocheke Ngozi Amaka and Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent},
  title = {Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
  abstract = {Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria
AU  - Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam
AU  - Ajen Stephen Anzaku
AU  - Innocent Emmanuel
AU  - Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona
AU  - Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth
AU  - Daru Patrick Haruna
AU  - Ocheke Ngozi Amaka
AU  - Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent
Y1  - 2018/09/27
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
SP  - 35
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9511
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
AB  - Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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