Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Habu Haruna; Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu; Inuwa Ahmadu; Kever Robert Teryila; Maigari Babaji; Lola Nelson; Dathini Hamina

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Habu Haruna, Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu, Inuwa Ahmadu, Kever Robert Teryila, Maigari Babaji, Lola Nelson, Dathini Hamina

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 30 March 2017 Accepted: 25 April 2017 Published: 20 June 2017

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Abstract

Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both developing and developed nations; it is the leading cause of death universally and responsible for about 12% of death throughout the world. The risk of breast cancer increases with age. The primary factor that increases breast cancer in women includes certain genetic mutations, personal family history of breast cancer and biopsy confirming hyperplasia. The purpose of breast self-examination is to learn the topography of the breast which will allow one to notice changes in the breast such as breast lumps or masses. Breast self-examination is done monthly between the 7th and 10th day of menstrual cycle which is early identification of abnormality and is also a low risk procedure that do not cause pain or discomfort. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of female students in relation to breast self-examination. A non-experimental descriptive study was used to examined the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students of the department of nursing science, university of Maiduguri. A self-structured questionnaire with a content validity and reliability of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. Using Yemen’s formula, sample size of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were selected from 100 level to 500 level nursing students using simple random sampling technique after the use of stratified random sampling which ensured that each strata (class level) was represented in the study. All data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and presented in tables. Chi-square statistic with 0.05 level of significant was used in testing the developed hypothesis. The findings shows that the majority of the students have knowledge on breast self-examination and they also practice breast self-examination. All hypotheses tested showed that there is significant relationship between knowledge, source of information, age and practice of breast self-examination as all the calculated values were greater than the critical value (table value). The researchers recommend that effort should be sustained in ensuring nursing students continue to update their knowledge and skills of breast self-examination and also educate their colleagues who have poor knowledge of BSE with the view to improving their practice.

Published in	International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
Page(s)	57-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Knowledge, Practice, Breast, Self-Examination, Female, Nursing Students

References

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[2]	Ahmad A., Faeda E., Lubna H., Imad F., Sewar N., Bian T., Deena H. and Rrawan A (2015) Breast Self- Examination in Terms of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Nursing Students of Arab American University/ Jenin. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol. 6, No. 4, ISSN 2222-288X (Online).
[3]	Breastcancer.org (2016) Breast Self-Exam. Retrieved from: http://www.breastcancer.org/symptoms/testing/types/self_exam
[4]	Donmez Y. C., Dolgun E., and Yavuz M (2012) Breast Self-Examination Practices and the Effect of a Planned Training Program in Western Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13 (12): 6159- 61. Pub Med.
[5]	Gucuk S. and Uyeturk U. (2013) Effect of Direct Education on Breast Self-Examination Awareness and Practice Among Women in Bolu, Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 14 (12): 7707-11. Pub Med.
[6]	Gurdal S. O., Saracoglu G. V., Oran E. S., Yankol Y. and Soybir G. R (2012) The Effects of Educational Level on Breast Cancer Awareness: A Cross-sectional Study in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 13 (1): 295-300. Pub Med.
[7]	Gwarzo, U. M, Sabitu K., Idris S. H. (2009) Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Undergraduate Students of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.
[8]	Karima F. E. and Ashraf M. S. (2010) Knowledge and Practice of Breast Cancer Screening Among Egyptian Nurses. Afr J Haematol Oncol. 1 (4): 122-128.
[9]	Kathmadu University Medical Journal 2008 Vol. 6, No. 1 issue 21, 89-93.
[10]	Kayode, F. O., Akande, T. M., Osagbemi, G. K. (2005). Breast Self-Examination: Knowledge and Practice of Among Female Secondary School Teachers in Ilorin West LGA of Kwara State Nigeria. Eur. J. sci. res. 10.43-45.
[11]	Mary, L. P. (2015) Check Yourself: Why Self Breast Exams are so Important. Retrieved from: http://www.crozerkeystone.org/news/press-releases/2015/october/check-yourself- why-self- breast-exams-are-so-important/
[12]	Okobia M. M., Bunker, C. H., Okonofula, F. E., Osimeu, B. (2006), knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian Women Towards Breast Cancer: A Cross Sectional Study.
[13]	Owoaje, E. T. and Balogun, M. O. (2005). Knowledge and Practice of BSE Among Female Traders in Ibadan Nigeria. Annals of Ibadan post gradute medicine. 3 (2): 52-56.
[14]	Philip, J., Harris, W. G., Flaberty, C (2010). Clinical Measures to Assess the Practice and Efficiency of Breast Self-Examination. Cancer, 58, 973-7.
[15]	Rosemary, B., Bassey, N. K., Modele, A. and Oluyeye A. (2011) Knowledge Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Nursing Students in Lagos University Teaching Hospital.
[16]	Saadeldin A. I., Aamir A. H., Mohamed M. H., Mohammed E. A. A., and Gamal E. H. A. E.(2013) Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Final Years Female Medical Students in Sudan. International Journal of Public Health Research, Vol. 1 No. 1 Pp. 6-10.
[17]	Saludeen, A. G., Akande, C. M., Musa, O. L. (2009) Knowledge Attitude to Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination Among Undergraduate Students in Nigeria. Euro. Journal social science: 7: 157.
[18]	Tasci A., and Usta Y. Y. (2010), Comparison of Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination: A Pilot Study in Turkey. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 11 (5): 1417-20. Pub Med.
[19]	WHO (2011). Cancer Control: Knowledge into Action: WHO Guide for Effective Programmes: Early Detection.

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APA Style

Habu Haruna, Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu, Inuwa Ahmadu, Kever Robert Teryila, Maigari Babaji, et al. (2017). Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 2(3), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Habu Haruna; Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu; Inuwa Ahmadu; Kever Robert Teryila; Maigari Babaji, et al. Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2017, 2(3), 57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Habu Haruna, Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu, Inuwa Ahmadu, Kever Robert Teryila, Maigari Babaji, et al. Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2017;2(3):57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12,
  author = {Habu Haruna and Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu and Inuwa Ahmadu and Kever Robert Teryila and Maigari Babaji and Lola Nelson and Dathini Hamina},
  title = {Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both developing and developed nations; it is the leading cause of death universally and responsible for about 12% of death throughout the world. The risk of breast cancer increases with age. The primary factor that increases breast cancer in women includes certain genetic mutations, personal family history of breast cancer and biopsy confirming hyperplasia. The purpose of breast self-examination is to learn the topography of the breast which will allow one to notice changes in the breast such as breast lumps or masses. Breast self-examination is done monthly between the 7th and 10th day of menstrual cycle which is early identification of abnormality and is also a low risk procedure that do not cause pain or discomfort. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of female students in relation to breast self-examination. A non-experimental descriptive study was used to examined the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students of the department of nursing science, university of Maiduguri. A self-structured questionnaire with a content validity and reliability of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. Using Yemen’s formula, sample size of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were selected from 100 level to 500 level nursing students using simple random sampling technique after the use of stratified random sampling which ensured that each strata (class level) was represented in the study. All data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and presented in tables. Chi-square statistic with 0.05 level of significant was used in testing the developed hypothesis. The findings shows that the majority of the students have knowledge on breast self-examination and they also practice breast self-examination. All hypotheses tested showed that there is significant relationship between knowledge, source of information, age and practice of breast self-examination as all the calculated values were greater than the critical value (table value). The researchers recommend that effort should be sustained in ensuring nursing students continue to update their knowledge and skills of breast self-examination and also educate their colleagues who have poor knowledge of BSE with the view to improving their practice.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
AU  - Habu Haruna
AU  - Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu
AU  - Inuwa Ahmadu
AU  - Kever Robert Teryila
AU  - Maigari Babaji
AU  - Lola Nelson
AU  - Dathini Hamina
Y1  - 2017/06/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9511
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
AB  - Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both developing and developed nations; it is the leading cause of death universally and responsible for about 12% of death throughout the world. The risk of breast cancer increases with age. The primary factor that increases breast cancer in women includes certain genetic mutations, personal family history of breast cancer and biopsy confirming hyperplasia. The purpose of breast self-examination is to learn the topography of the breast which will allow one to notice changes in the breast such as breast lumps or masses. Breast self-examination is done monthly between the 7th and 10th day of menstrual cycle which is early identification of abnormality and is also a low risk procedure that do not cause pain or discomfort. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of female students in relation to breast self-examination. A non-experimental descriptive study was used to examined the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students of the department of nursing science, university of Maiduguri. A self-structured questionnaire with a content validity and reliability of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. Using Yemen’s formula, sample size of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were selected from 100 level to 500 level nursing students using simple random sampling technique after the use of stratified random sampling which ensured that each strata (class level) was represented in the study. All data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and presented in tables. Chi-square statistic with 0.05 level of significant was used in testing the developed hypothesis. The findings shows that the majority of the students have knowledge on breast self-examination and they also practice breast self-examination. All hypotheses tested showed that there is significant relationship between knowledge, source of information, age and practice of breast self-examination as all the calculated values were greater than the critical value (table value). The researchers recommend that effort should be sustained in ensuring nursing students continue to update their knowledge and skills of breast self-examination and also educate their colleagues who have poor knowledge of BSE with the view to improving their practice.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Habu Haruna

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu

School of Nursing Mkar, Gboko, Nigeria
Inuwa Ahmadu

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Kever Robert Teryila

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Maigari Babaji

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Lola Nelson

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
Dathini Hamina

Department of Nursing Science, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Habu Haruna, Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu, Inuwa Ahmadu, Kever Robert Teryila, Maigari Babaji, et al. (2017). Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 2(3), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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ACS Style

Habu Haruna; Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu; Inuwa Ahmadu; Kever Robert Teryila; Maigari Babaji, et al. Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2017, 2(3), 57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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AMA Style

Habu Haruna, Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu, Inuwa Ahmadu, Kever Robert Teryila, Maigari Babaji, et al. Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2017;2(3):57-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12,
  author = {Habu Haruna and Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu and Inuwa Ahmadu and Kever Robert Teryila and Maigari Babaji and Lola Nelson and Dathini Hamina},
  title = {Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {57-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20170203.12},
  abstract = {Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both developing and developed nations; it is the leading cause of death universally and responsible for about 12% of death throughout the world. The risk of breast cancer increases with age. The primary factor that increases breast cancer in women includes certain genetic mutations, personal family history of breast cancer and biopsy confirming hyperplasia. The purpose of breast self-examination is to learn the topography of the breast which will allow one to notice changes in the breast such as breast lumps or masses. Breast self-examination is done monthly between the 7th and 10th day of menstrual cycle which is early identification of abnormality and is also a low risk procedure that do not cause pain or discomfort. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of female students in relation to breast self-examination. A non-experimental descriptive study was used to examined the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students of the department of nursing science, university of Maiduguri. A self-structured questionnaire with a content validity and reliability of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. Using Yemen’s formula, sample size of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were selected from 100 level to 500 level nursing students using simple random sampling technique after the use of stratified random sampling which ensured that each strata (class level) was represented in the study. All data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and presented in tables. Chi-square statistic with 0.05 level of significant was used in testing the developed hypothesis. The findings shows that the majority of the students have knowledge on breast self-examination and they also practice breast self-examination. All hypotheses tested showed that there is significant relationship between knowledge, source of information, age and practice of breast self-examination as all the calculated values were greater than the critical value (table value). The researchers recommend that effort should be sustained in ensuring nursing students continue to update their knowledge and skills of breast self-examination and also educate their colleagues who have poor knowledge of BSE with the view to improving their practice.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Female Nursing Students in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
AU  - Habu Haruna
AU  - Emmanuel Okechukwu Chukwu
AU  - Inuwa Ahmadu
AU  - Kever Robert Teryila
AU  - Maigari Babaji
AU  - Lola Nelson
AU  - Dathini Hamina
Y1  - 2017/06/20
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
SP  - 57
EP  - 64
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9511
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20170203.12
AB  - Breast cancer appears to be a disease of both developing and developed nations; it is the leading cause of death universally and responsible for about 12% of death throughout the world. The risk of breast cancer increases with age. The primary factor that increases breast cancer in women includes certain genetic mutations, personal family history of breast cancer and biopsy confirming hyperplasia. The purpose of breast self-examination is to learn the topography of the breast which will allow one to notice changes in the breast such as breast lumps or masses. Breast self-examination is done monthly between the 7th and 10th day of menstrual cycle which is early identification of abnormality and is also a low risk procedure that do not cause pain or discomfort. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and practice of female students in relation to breast self-examination. A non-experimental descriptive study was used to examined the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among female nursing students of the department of nursing science, university of Maiduguri. A self-structured questionnaire with a content validity and reliability of 0.82 and 0.78 respectively. Using Yemen’s formula, sample size of one hundred and nine (109) respondents were selected from 100 level to 500 level nursing students using simple random sampling technique after the use of stratified random sampling which ensured that each strata (class level) was represented in the study. All data were analyzed using frequency and percentages and presented in tables. Chi-square statistic with 0.05 level of significant was used in testing the developed hypothesis. The findings shows that the majority of the students have knowledge on breast self-examination and they also practice breast self-examination. All hypotheses tested showed that there is significant relationship between knowledge, source of information, age and practice of breast self-examination as all the calculated values were greater than the critical value (table value). The researchers recommend that effort should be sustained in ensuring nursing students continue to update their knowledge and skills of breast self-examination and also educate their colleagues who have poor knowledge of BSE with the view to improving their practice.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download