Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade

Published in International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 2, Issue 3)

Received: 10 March 2017 Accepted: 24 March 2017 Published: 14 April 2017

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Abstract

The study analyzed the economic effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling techniques and data were collected from one-hundred and twenty maize farmers through a well- structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like multinomial logit regression and budgetary technique analysis. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 76.70% of the maize farmers were male while 78.90% were above 50 years old. The results further revealed that 66.70% of the farmers were married while 40.00% had secondary education and above. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents had about at least 5 members that constitute the household in the study area. It was revealed from the results that 90% of the farmers interviewed chose farming as their primary occupation. Also, 54.2% of the farmers had at least 4 hectares of farm size while 53.3 % of them had at most 21 years of farming experience. The determinants of choice for organic fertilizers were educational level, access to loan, access to extension contact, primary occupation and farm size, the determinants of choice for inorganic fertilizers were found to be educational level, primary occupation, farming experience, membership of cooperative and farm size. From the costs and returns breakdown of organic fertilizers users in the study area, the cost ratio showed that an inorganic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.59 as revenue or gained ₦0.59k on each Naira expended, while an organic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.67 as revenue or gained ₦0.67k on each Naira expended. If inorganic fertilizer will be difficult to access by farmers, then government must encourage farmers to use the organic type due to its cheapness and availability. It is therefore recommended that government should embark on moves that will encourage youths’ involvement in maize production and prevent the fertilizer subsidy program from going into extinction.

Published in	International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
Page(s)	63-68
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maize Farmers, Organic Fertilizers, Inorganic Fertilizers, Multinomial Logit, Budgetary Technique Analysis

References

[1]	International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (2009). Maize, http://www.iita.org/maize PMB 5320, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
[2]	Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., Omonona, B. T., Sanou, A., & Ogunleye, W. (2015). Is increasing inorganic fertilizer use in Sub-Saharan Africa a profitable proposition? Evidence from Nigeria. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7201).
[3]	Smaling, E. M. A. (1993). Soil nutrient depletion in Sub-Saharan Africa. In The Role of Plant Nutrients for Sustainable Food Crop Production in Sub- Saharan Africa, 47–61 (Eds H. Van Reuler and W. Prins). Leidschendam, Netherlands: VKP.
[4]	Kherallah, M., C. Delgado, E. Gabre-Madhin, N. Minot, and M. Johnson (2002). Reforming Agricultural Markets in Africa, Volume 50. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
[5]	Liverpool-Tasie, L. S. O., Omonona, B. T., Sanou, A., & Ogunleye, W. (2016). A profitability analysis of fertilizer use for maize production in Nigeria. GISAIA: Policy Paper – February 2016.
[6]	Mwangi, J. N., Mugendi, D. N. and O’Neill, K. M. (1998). Crop yield response to incorporation of leaf prunnings in sole and alley cropping systems. East Africa Agricultural Journal 62:209–218.
[7]	Mugwe, J., Mugendi, D., Mucheru-Muna, M., Merckx, R., Chianu, J. and Vanlauwe, B. (2009). Determinants of the decesion to adopt integrated soil fertility management practices by smallholder farmers in the Central highlands of Kenya. Experimental Agriculture 45:61–75.
[8]	Vanlauwe, B., Bationo, A., Chianu, J., Giller, K. E., Merckx, R., Mokwunye, U., Ohiokpehai, O., Pypers, P., Tabo, R., Shepherd, K. D., Smaling, E. M. A., Woomer, P. L. and Sanginga, N. (2010a). Integrated soil fertility management. Operational definition and consequences for implementation and dissemination. Outlook on Agriculture 39:17–24.
[9]	Bationo, A. and Waswa, B. S. (2011). New challenges and opportunities for integrated soil fertility management in Africa. In Innovation as Key to the Green Revolution in Africa. Exploring the Scientific Facts, Vol 1 (Eds A. Bationo, B. Waswa, J. M. Okeyo, F. Maina and J. Kihara). New York, NY: Springer.
[10]	Murwira, H. K.,Mutuo, P. K., Nhamo,N., Marandu, A. E.,Rabeson,R., Mwale, M. and Palm, C. A. (2002). Fertilizer equivalency values of organic materials of different quality. In Integrated Plant Nutrients Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: From Concept to Practice, 113–152 (Eds B. Vanlauwe, J. Diels, N. Sanginga and R. Merckx). Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
[11]	Sanginga, N. and Woomer, P. L. (Eds) (2009). Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Africa: Principles, Practices and Development Process. Nairobi, Kenya: Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Institute of the Centre for Tropical Agriculture, 263 pp.
[12]	Kimani, S. K., Macharia, J. M., Gachengo, C., Palm, C. A. and Delve, R. J. (2004). Maize production in the central highlands of Kenya using cattle manures combined with modest amounts of mineral fertilizer. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences 9:480–490.
[13]	Tittonell, P., Corbeels, M. and van Wijk, M. T. (2008). Combining organic and mineral fertilizers for integrated soil fertility management in smallholder farming systems of Kenya: explorations using the crop-soil model FIELD. Agronomy Journal 100:1511–1526.
[14]	Maddala, G. S. (1983), Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Economics, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 257-91.
[15]	Maddala, G. S., 1990, Estimation of dynamic disequilibrium models with rational expectations: The case of the commodity markets, in: L. A. Winters and D. Sapsford, eds., Primary commodity prices: Economic models and policy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).

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Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. (2017). Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(3), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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ACS Style

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2017, 2(3), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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AMA Style

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. Int J Agric Econ. 2017;2(3):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13,
  author = {Adelomo Bosede Sekumade},
  title = {Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20170203.13},
  abstract = {The study analyzed the economic effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling techniques and data were collected from one-hundred and twenty maize farmers through a well- structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like multinomial logit regression and budgetary technique analysis. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 76.70% of the maize farmers were male while 78.90% were above 50 years old. The results further revealed that 66.70% of the farmers were married while 40.00% had secondary education and above. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents had about at least 5 members that constitute the household in the study area. It was revealed from the results that 90% of the farmers interviewed chose farming as their primary occupation. Also, 54.2% of the farmers had at least 4 hectares of farm size while 53.3 % of them had at most 21 years of farming experience. The determinants of choice for organic fertilizers were educational level, access to loan, access to extension contact, primary occupation and farm size, the determinants of choice for inorganic fertilizers were found to be educational level, primary occupation, farming experience, membership of cooperative and farm size. From the costs and returns breakdown of organic fertilizers users in the study area, the cost ratio showed that an inorganic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.59 as revenue or gained ₦0.59k on each Naira expended, while an organic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.67 as revenue or gained ₦0.67k on each Naira expended. If inorganic fertilizer will be difficult to access by farmers, then government must encourage farmers to use the organic type due to its cheapness and availability. It is therefore recommended that government should embark on moves that will encourage youths’ involvement in maize production and prevent the fertilizer subsidy program from going into extinction.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria
AU  - Adelomo Bosede Sekumade
Y1  - 2017/04/14
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 63
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
AB  - The study analyzed the economic effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling techniques and data were collected from one-hundred and twenty maize farmers through a well- structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like multinomial logit regression and budgetary technique analysis. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 76.70% of the maize farmers were male while 78.90% were above 50 years old. The results further revealed that 66.70% of the farmers were married while 40.00% had secondary education and above. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents had about at least 5 members that constitute the household in the study area. It was revealed from the results that 90% of the farmers interviewed chose farming as their primary occupation. Also, 54.2% of the farmers had at least 4 hectares of farm size while 53.3 % of them had at most 21 years of farming experience. The determinants of choice for organic fertilizers were educational level, access to loan, access to extension contact, primary occupation and farm size, the determinants of choice for inorganic fertilizers were found to be educational level, primary occupation, farming experience, membership of cooperative and farm size. From the costs and returns breakdown of organic fertilizers users in the study area, the cost ratio showed that an inorganic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.59 as revenue or gained ₦0.59k on each Naira expended, while an organic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.67 as revenue or gained ₦0.67k on each Naira expended. If inorganic fertilizer will be difficult to access by farmers, then government must encourage farmers to use the organic type due to its cheapness and availability. It is therefore recommended that government should embark on moves that will encourage youths’ involvement in maize production and prevent the fertilizer subsidy program from going into extinction.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria

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Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. (2017). Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(3), 63-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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ACS Style

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2017, 2(3), 63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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AMA Style

Adelomo Bosede Sekumade. Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. Int J Agric Econ. 2017;2(3):63-68. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13,
  author = {Adelomo Bosede Sekumade},
  title = {Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {3},
  pages = {63-68},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20170203.13},
  abstract = {The study analyzed the economic effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling techniques and data were collected from one-hundred and twenty maize farmers through a well- structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like multinomial logit regression and budgetary technique analysis. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 76.70% of the maize farmers were male while 78.90% were above 50 years old. The results further revealed that 66.70% of the farmers were married while 40.00% had secondary education and above. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents had about at least 5 members that constitute the household in the study area. It was revealed from the results that 90% of the farmers interviewed chose farming as their primary occupation. Also, 54.2% of the farmers had at least 4 hectares of farm size while 53.3 % of them had at most 21 years of farming experience. The determinants of choice for organic fertilizers were educational level, access to loan, access to extension contact, primary occupation and farm size, the determinants of choice for inorganic fertilizers were found to be educational level, primary occupation, farming experience, membership of cooperative and farm size. From the costs and returns breakdown of organic fertilizers users in the study area, the cost ratio showed that an inorganic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.59 as revenue or gained ₦0.59k on each Naira expended, while an organic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.67 as revenue or gained ₦0.67k on each Naira expended. If inorganic fertilizer will be difficult to access by farmers, then government must encourage farmers to use the organic type due to its cheapness and availability. It is therefore recommended that government should embark on moves that will encourage youths’ involvement in maize production and prevent the fertilizer subsidy program from going into extinction.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Economic Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Yield of Maize in Oyo State, Nigeria
AU  - Adelomo Bosede Sekumade
Y1  - 2017/04/14
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 63
EP  - 68
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.13
AB  - The study analyzed the economic effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield of maize in Oyo State, Nigeria. The study used purposive sampling techniques and data were collected from one-hundred and twenty maize farmers through a well- structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics like multinomial logit regression and budgetary technique analysis. Results from descriptive analysis showed that 76.70% of the maize farmers were male while 78.90% were above 50 years old. The results further revealed that 66.70% of the farmers were married while 40.00% had secondary education and above. Majority (83.4%) of the respondents had about at least 5 members that constitute the household in the study area. It was revealed from the results that 90% of the farmers interviewed chose farming as their primary occupation. Also, 54.2% of the farmers had at least 4 hectares of farm size while 53.3 % of them had at most 21 years of farming experience. The determinants of choice for organic fertilizers were educational level, access to loan, access to extension contact, primary occupation and farm size, the determinants of choice for inorganic fertilizers were found to be educational level, primary occupation, farming experience, membership of cooperative and farm size. From the costs and returns breakdown of organic fertilizers users in the study area, the cost ratio showed that an inorganic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.59 as revenue or gained ₦0.59k on each Naira expended, while an organic farmer user that invested ₦1 realized ₦1.67 as revenue or gained ₦0.67k on each Naira expended. If inorganic fertilizer will be difficult to access by farmers, then government must encourage farmers to use the organic type due to its cheapness and availability. It is therefore recommended that government should embark on moves that will encourage youths’ involvement in maize production and prevent the fertilizer subsidy program from going into extinction.
VL  - 2
IS  - 3
ER  -

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