Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola; Moonga Sibusenga

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola, Moonga Sibusenga

Published in International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 1, Issue 3)

Received: 28 July 2016 Accepted: 5 August 2016 Published: 29 September 2016

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Abstract

The study analysed off-farm activity participation and determinants for rural households in Northern Province of Zambia. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was used in estimating factors influencing the households’ choice of off-farm activity. Secondary data for the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (RALS12) from Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Zambia, which used a multistage sampling method, was utilized. Cross sectional data for 1,000 farm households was used in this analysis. The findings shows that 46.40% of the respondents do not combine agriculture with off-farm activities. The age, education, number of adult household members, farm size, cooperative membership and extension service access were key significant determinants of households’ participation into off-farm activities. This shows the need for off-farm activities to be part of rural development policies. The interventions should also be designed to suit the needs and situations of different categories of the households in the study area.

Published in	International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
Page(s)	91-98
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Off-Farm Activities, Determinants, Multinomial Logit, Rural Household, Zambia

References

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Musaka Mulanga Chikobola, Moonga Sibusenga. (2016). Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1(3), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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ACS Style

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola; Moonga Sibusenga. Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2016, 1(3), 91-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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AMA Style

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola, Moonga Sibusenga. Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. Int J Agric Econ. 2016;1(3):91-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17,
  author = {Musaka Mulanga Chikobola and Moonga Sibusenga},
  title = {Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20160103.17},
  abstract = {The study analysed off-farm activity participation and determinants for rural households in Northern Province of Zambia. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was used in estimating factors influencing the households’ choice of off-farm activity. Secondary data for the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (RALS12) from Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Zambia, which used a multistage sampling method, was utilized. Cross sectional data for 1,000 farm households was used in this analysis. The findings shows that 46.40% of the respondents do not combine agriculture with off-farm activities. The age, education, number of adult household members, farm size, cooperative membership and extension service access were key significant determinants of households’ participation into off-farm activities. This shows the need for off-farm activities to be part of rural development policies. The interventions should also be designed to suit the needs and situations of different categories of the households in the study area.},
 year = {2016}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia
AU  - Musaka Mulanga Chikobola
AU  - Moonga Sibusenga
Y1  - 2016/09/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 91
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
AB  - The study analysed off-farm activity participation and determinants for rural households in Northern Province of Zambia. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was used in estimating factors influencing the households’ choice of off-farm activity. Secondary data for the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (RALS12) from Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Zambia, which used a multistage sampling method, was utilized. Cross sectional data for 1,000 farm households was used in this analysis. The findings shows that 46.40% of the respondents do not combine agriculture with off-farm activities. The age, education, number of adult household members, farm size, cooperative membership and extension service access were key significant determinants of households’ participation into off-farm activities. This shows the need for off-farm activities to be part of rural development policies. The interventions should also be designed to suit the needs and situations of different categories of the households in the study area.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Moonga Sibusenga

Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture, Luwingu, Zambia

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APA Style

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola, Moonga Sibusenga. (2016). Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1(3), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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ACS Style

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola; Moonga Sibusenga. Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2016, 1(3), 91-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

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AMA Style

Musaka Mulanga Chikobola, Moonga Sibusenga. Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia. Int J Agric Econ. 2016;1(3):91-98. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17,
  author = {Musaka Mulanga Chikobola and Moonga Sibusenga},
  title = {Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {1},
  number = {3},
  pages = {91-98},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20160103.17},
  abstract = {The study analysed off-farm activity participation and determinants for rural households in Northern Province of Zambia. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was used in estimating factors influencing the households’ choice of off-farm activity. Secondary data for the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (RALS12) from Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Zambia, which used a multistage sampling method, was utilized. Cross sectional data for 1,000 farm households was used in this analysis. The findings shows that 46.40% of the respondents do not combine agriculture with off-farm activities. The age, education, number of adult household members, farm size, cooperative membership and extension service access were key significant determinants of households’ participation into off-farm activities. This shows the need for off-farm activities to be part of rural development policies. The interventions should also be designed to suit the needs and situations of different categories of the households in the study area.},
 year = {2016}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Employment and Income Sources: Key Determinants of Off-Farm Activity Participation Among Rural Households in Northern Zambia
AU  - Musaka Mulanga Chikobola
AU  - Moonga Sibusenga
Y1  - 2016/09/29
PY  - 2016
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
T2  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO  - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP  - 91
EP  - 98
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3843
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20160103.17
AB  - The study analysed off-farm activity participation and determinants for rural households in Northern Province of Zambia. The multinomial logit (MNL) model was used in estimating factors influencing the households’ choice of off-farm activity. Secondary data for the 2012 Rural Agricultural Livelihoods Survey (RALS12) from Central Statistical Office (CSO) of Zambia, which used a multistage sampling method, was utilized. Cross sectional data for 1,000 farm households was used in this analysis. The findings shows that 46.40% of the respondents do not combine agriculture with off-farm activities. The age, education, number of adult household members, farm size, cooperative membership and extension service access were key significant determinants of households’ participation into off-farm activities. This shows the need for off-farm activities to be part of rural development policies. The interventions should also be designed to suit the needs and situations of different categories of the households in the study area.
VL  - 1
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download