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Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal

Received: 23 February 2023     Accepted: 20 March 2023     Published: 31 March 2023
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Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is third most important crop in Nepal after rice and maize. The area of cultivation of wheat is increasing compare to last decade but its productivity could not be increased significantly due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, rust disease is major biotic constraint. Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is an economically important disease which occurs on major wheat growing areas of plain and hill of the country. The leaf rust disease monitoring and samples collection were done from 32 districts across the wheat growing area. Rust infected leaves were folded such that rust pustules preserved inside without destroying spores. Excess leaf moisture was removed by keeping them in room temperature with shade drying. Proper dried samples were kept in paper envelop and diagnosed pathotypes at Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. urediospores were revived on 2% water agar and multiplied in susceptible host Agra Local. The fresh urediospores of each sample was collected from susceptible host and inoculated on 5-7 days old seedlings of the standard differential sets. The pathotypes of pathogen was diagnosed on the base on disease infection type showed in the differential sets. Pathotypes 57R39 121R63-1, 21R55, 109R31-1, 121R60-1, 93R15 and 93R39 were commonly observed in both plain and hills. Similarly, the pathotypes 125R23-1, 109R63 and 21R63 were recorded in lower belt whereas, pathotypes 5R13, 49R39, 125R28, 21R31 and 93R47 were found only at hilly regions. The pathotypes 21R55, 121R63-1, 121R63-1and 5R37 were recorded in successive years in most of the wheat growing area. Twenty one different pathotypes of P. triticina occur in different parts of the country. The evolving of different pathotypes diversity of pathogens may be caused by selection pressure due to same genetic materials of wheat genotypes grown in the country and conducive environment. Hence, monitoring rust pathotypes is a one of the necessary step for successful planning to manage the rust disease by developing resistant wheat genotypes.

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13
Page(s) 48-54
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Leaf Rust, Pathogen, Pathotypes, Puccinia triticina, Wheat

References
[1] Anonymous (2016). Annual Report 2003/04. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur.
[2] Baidya S, SM Shrestha, BN Mahto, SC Bhardwaj, HK Manandhar, RB Thapa, S Sharma and AK Joshi. (2014). Pattern of Pathogen diversity in Puccinia triticina on Wheat in Nepal. Poster Presented in Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) 2014, Technical Workshop be held in Ciudad Obregon, Mexico from 22nd -25th March, 2014.
[3] Bhardwaj, SC., Prashar, M, Kumar, Subodh and Datta, D. (2006). Virulence and diversity of Puccinia triticina on wheat in India during 2002-04. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 76: 302-306.
[4] Browning, JA. (1988). Current thinking on the use of diversity to buffer small grain against highly epidemic and variable foliar pathogens: Problems and future prospects 76-90pp. In: Breeding strategies for Resistance to Rust of wheat. N. W. Simmonds and S. Rajaram, eds. CIMMYT, Maxico.
[5] Flor, HH. (1955). Host parasitic interaction in flax rust- its genetics and other implications. Phytopathology 45: 680-685.
[6] Karki, C. B. 1972. Wheat disease report. Paper presented at the biannual winter crop workshop, Department of Agriculture, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[7] Karki CB and S Sharma. (1990). Paper presented in Winter Crops Workshop held at National Wheat Development Program, Bhairahawa, Nepal. September 10-14, 1990.
[8] McVey, D. V., Nazim, M., Leonard, K. J. and Long, D. L. (2004). Patterns of diversity in Puccinia triticina on wheat in Egypt and the United States in 1998-2000. Plant Dis. 88: 271-279.
[9] MoAD. (2021). Statistical information of Nepalese Agriculture, Agribusiness Promotion and Statistics Division. Singha Durbar, Kathmandu.
[10] Nayer S. K., Tandon J. P., Kumar J., Prashar M., Bhardwaj S. C., Goel L. B., and Nagarajan S. 1994. Basis of rust resistance in Indian Wheats. Research Bulletin No. 1, Regional Station, DWR, Flowerdale, Shimla-171002, India, 32pp.
[11] Nayer SK, S. Nagarajan, M. Prashar, SC. Bhardwaj, SK. Jain and D. Dhatta. (2001). Revised Catalogue of genes that accord resistance to Puccinia species in wheat. Research Bulletin No. 3: 48pp. Directorate of Wheat Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla -171002 (India).
[12] NWRP. (2021). Annual Report 2076/77 (2019/20). National Wheat Research Program, NWRP, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, NARC, Bhairahawa, Rupendehi, Nepal.
[13] Park, RF, and Felsenstein, FG. (1998). Physiological specialization and pathotype distribution of Puccinia recondita in Western Europe, 1995. Plant Pathology 47: 157-164pp.
[14] PPD. (2017). Annual Report 2073/74 (2016/17). Plant Pathology Division (PPD), NARC (S Baidya, S Manandhar, B Pant eds.) Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[15] PPD. (2018). Annual Report 2074/75 (2017/18). Plant Pathology Division (PPD), NARC (S Baidya, B Pant, S Manandhar eds.) Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[16] PPD. (2019). Annual Report 2075/76 (2018/19). Plant Pathology Division (PPD), NARC (S Baidya, PB Magar, S Manandhar eds.) Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal.
[17] Prasad P, Gangwar OP, Kumar S, Lata C, Adhikari S, Bhardwaj SC. (2021). Mehtaensis. Six-monthly newsletter. ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station. 41 (2): 1-35.
[18] Pretorius, ZA, Roux, J Le. and Drijepondt, SC. (1990). Occurrence and pathogenicity of Puccinia recondite f. sp. tritici on wheat in South Africa during 1988. Phytophylactica 22: 225-228pp.
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    Suraj Baidya, Subash Chandra Bhardwaj, Deepak Bhandari. (2023). Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 9(2), 48-54. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13

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    ACS Style

    Suraj Baidya; Subash Chandra Bhardwaj; Deepak Bhandari. Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2023, 9(2), 48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13

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    AMA Style

    Suraj Baidya, Subash Chandra Bhardwaj, Deepak Bhandari. Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2023;9(2):48-54. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13,
      author = {Suraj Baidya and Subash Chandra Bhardwaj and Deepak Bhandari},
      title = {Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal},
      journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {2},
      pages = {48-54},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20230902.13},
      abstract = {Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is third most important crop in Nepal after rice and maize. The area of cultivation of wheat is increasing compare to last decade but its productivity could not be increased significantly due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, rust disease is major biotic constraint. Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is an economically important disease which occurs on major wheat growing areas of plain and hill of the country. The leaf rust disease monitoring and samples collection were done from 32 districts across the wheat growing area. Rust infected leaves were folded such that rust pustules preserved inside without destroying spores. Excess leaf moisture was removed by keeping them in room temperature with shade drying. Proper dried samples were kept in paper envelop and diagnosed pathotypes at Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. urediospores were revived on 2% water agar and multiplied in susceptible host Agra Local. The fresh urediospores of each sample was collected from susceptible host and inoculated on 5-7 days old seedlings of the standard differential sets. The pathotypes of pathogen was diagnosed on the base on disease infection type showed in the differential sets. Pathotypes 57R39 121R63-1, 21R55, 109R31-1, 121R60-1, 93R15 and 93R39 were commonly observed in both plain and hills. Similarly, the pathotypes 125R23-1, 109R63 and 21R63 were recorded in lower belt whereas, pathotypes 5R13, 49R39, 125R28, 21R31 and 93R47 were found only at hilly regions. The pathotypes 21R55, 121R63-1, 121R63-1and 5R37 were recorded in successive years in most of the wheat growing area. Twenty one different pathotypes of P. triticina occur in different parts of the country. The evolving of different pathotypes diversity of pathogens may be caused by selection pressure due to same genetic materials of wheat genotypes grown in the country and conducive environment. Hence, monitoring rust pathotypes is a one of the necessary step for successful planning to manage the rust disease by developing resistant wheat genotypes.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Diversity of Pathotypes of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina) Pathogen in Wheat Crop in Nepal
    AU  - Suraj Baidya
    AU  - Subash Chandra Bhardwaj
    AU  - Deepak Bhandari
    Y1  - 2023/03/31
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13
    T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    SP  - 48
    EP  - 54
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-7885
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20230902.13
    AB  - Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is third most important crop in Nepal after rice and maize. The area of cultivation of wheat is increasing compare to last decade but its productivity could not be increased significantly due to many biotic and abiotic factors. Among them, rust disease is major biotic constraint. Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) is an economically important disease which occurs on major wheat growing areas of plain and hill of the country. The leaf rust disease monitoring and samples collection were done from 32 districts across the wheat growing area. Rust infected leaves were folded such that rust pustules preserved inside without destroying spores. Excess leaf moisture was removed by keeping them in room temperature with shade drying. Proper dried samples were kept in paper envelop and diagnosed pathotypes at Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India. urediospores were revived on 2% water agar and multiplied in susceptible host Agra Local. The fresh urediospores of each sample was collected from susceptible host and inoculated on 5-7 days old seedlings of the standard differential sets. The pathotypes of pathogen was diagnosed on the base on disease infection type showed in the differential sets. Pathotypes 57R39 121R63-1, 21R55, 109R31-1, 121R60-1, 93R15 and 93R39 were commonly observed in both plain and hills. Similarly, the pathotypes 125R23-1, 109R63 and 21R63 were recorded in lower belt whereas, pathotypes 5R13, 49R39, 125R28, 21R31 and 93R47 were found only at hilly regions. The pathotypes 21R55, 121R63-1, 121R63-1and 5R37 were recorded in successive years in most of the wheat growing area. Twenty one different pathotypes of P. triticina occur in different parts of the country. The evolving of different pathotypes diversity of pathogens may be caused by selection pressure due to same genetic materials of wheat genotypes grown in the country and conducive environment. Hence, monitoring rust pathotypes is a one of the necessary step for successful planning to manage the rust disease by developing resistant wheat genotypes.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • National Plant Pathology Research Centre (NPPRC), Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur

  • Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Flowerdale, Shimla, India

  • Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Singh Durbar, Plaza, Kathmandu

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