Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 6)

Received: 16 August 2022 Accepted: 14 September 2022 Published: 29 November 2022

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
Page(s)	225-236
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Climate Change, Adaptation, Adaptation Strategy, Multinomial Logit Model, Dale Woreda

References

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[2]	Di Falco, S, Veronesi, M., &Yesuf, M (2011), Does Adaptation to Climate Change Provide Food Security? A Micro-Perspective from Ethiopia, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 93 (3), 829-846.
[3]	Deressa, T. (2007). Measuring the Economic Impact of Climate Change on Ethiopian Agriculture: Ricardian Approach. World Bank Policy Research Paper No. 4342. Washington D. C.: World Bank.
[4]	Deressa, T. (2009). Measuring the economic impact of climate change on Ethiopian agriculture: Ricardian approach. CEEPA Discussion Paper No. 21. South Africa: CEEPA, University of Pretoria.
[5]	D. Temesgen, H. Yehualaeshet and D. S Rajan (2014).
[6]	Eisenack, K, &Stecker, R. (2012), A framework for analyzing climate change adaptations as actions. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 17 (3), 243-260.
[7]	FAO. 2010. FN24; World Bank. 2010. Opportunities and challenges for a converging agenda: Country examples. (Prepared for the 2010 The Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change). Washington, D. C.: World Bank.
[8]	Hausman, J and McFadden, D., 1984. Specification tests for the multinomial logit model. Econometrica, 52 (5): 1219–40.
[9]	IPCC (2007). climate change; Impact, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change Cambridge University press Cambridge.
[10]	IPCC. 2014. “Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects.” Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 1132. Isaac Dasmani, Kwabena Nkansah Darfor & Alhassan Abdul-Wakeel Karakara (2020) Farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies towards weather variability: Empirical evidence from the three agro-ecological zones in Ghana, Cogent Social Sciences.
[11]	Greene H. W (2003). Econometric Analysis, 5th Edition, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA, P. 720-723.
[12]	Lemessa et al., Cogent Food & Agriculture (2019), 5164083https://doi.org/10.1080/ 23311932.2019.1640835
[13]	MoA (Ministry of Agriculture), 2016, Ethiopia’s agriculture sector policy and investment framework.
[14]	P. Bazeley,“Analysing qualitative data: more than‘ identifying themes’,” Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 6–22, 2009.
[15]	Yaro, J. A. 2013. Building Resilience and Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change: Implications for Food Security in Ghana. Accra: Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana.
[16]	Yenesew, S., N. O. Eric, and B. Fekadu. 2015. “Determinants of Livelihood Diversification Strategies: The Case of Smallholder Rural Farm Households in Debre Elias Woreda, East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia.” African Journal of Agricultural Research 10 (19): 1998–2013. doi: 10.5897/ AJAR2014.9192.
[17]	Tse, Y. K., 1987. A diagnostic test for the multinomial logit model. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 5 (2): 283–86.

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APA Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. (2022). Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 8(6), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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ACS Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2022, 8(6), 225-236. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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AMA Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2022;8(6):225-236. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15,
  author = {Gezahegn Belguda Baramo},
  title = {Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {6},
  pages = {225-236},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia
AU  - Gezahegn Belguda Baramo
Y1  - 2022/11/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 225
EP  - 236
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
AB  - The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo

Economics Lecture in Furra College, Yirgalem Campus, Sidama, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. (2022). Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 8(6), 225-236. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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ACS Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2022, 8(6), 225-236. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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AMA Style

Gezahegn Belguda Baramo. Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2022;8(6):225-236. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15,
  author = {Gezahegn Belguda Baramo},
  title = {Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {6},
  pages = {225-236},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20220806.15},
  abstract = {The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Factors Affecting Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmer’s to Climate Changes: Evidence from Dale Woreda in Sidama Regional State: Ethiopia
AU  - Gezahegn Belguda Baramo
Y1  - 2022/11/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 225
EP  - 236
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20220806.15
AB  - The objective of this study was to analyzing factors that affect smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategy and identifies adaptation measures to climate change in Ethiopia using Dale Woreda as a case study. The data was collected from 359 sample households using a survey questionnaire and was analyzed using both descriptive statistics and econometric methods. Multinomial logit model (MNL) was used to identify factors influencing smallholder farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies to climate change and variability. The adaptation strategies considered in the MNL model were crop diversification, growing drought tolerant crop, soil and water management, early and late planting and small scale irrigation practice. The result from the multinomial logit analysis showed that sex, education, farm experience, family size, farm income, farm size, distance to the market, soil fertility, access to credit, access to climate information, and extension access were significant factors influencing smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies. a unit increases in number of years of education could increase 8.1% of the likelihood of adopting crop diversification, 1.8% of the likelihood of adopting growing drought tolerant crop and 1.2% of the likelihood of early and late planting as adaptation measures. The basic barriers to climate change adaptation on the farmers’ side are lack of credit access, lack of knowledge, lack of support from government, shortage of farm land, lack of climate information and lack of climate related problem. Therefore, expanding extension service, improving the availability of credit and enhancing research on use of new crop diversification and distributing drought tolerant crop varieties and encouraging continuous climate training center, disseminating climate information by local language through social media and providing modern tool for soil and water management and small scale irrigation by government are more suited in three agro-ecological zones.
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
ER  -

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