Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany; Bumva Birakaheka Judical; Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

| Peer-Reviewed

Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany, Bumva Birakaheka Judical, Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 16 November 2020 Accepted: 27 November 2020 Published: 27 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This study aims to measure food insecurity and its correlates according to the calorie intake approach. By conducting the consumption survey on a stratified sample grouped into localities considered, here, as strata. The survey covered 139 households. The results show that 84.2% of the respondents generate their income from agriculture and the household lives on US $ 50.09 per month obtained from the optical expenditure. Households allocate more than 50% of this income to food consumption. The calorie intake provided by the consumed food is 1248.28 kcal. The Estimated Energy Need (EEN) calculated was 2303.76 kcal on average, i.e., a negative gap of 1055.48. The estimated results of the LOGIT model for the possibility of being food secure showed that factors of various kinds expose households to food insecurity, i.e., level of education, gender, income and number of meals. In addition, livestock farming, distance from home to market were variables that significantly condition the probability of a household being food secure only in the locality of Bwegera whereas household size and existence other income sources within the household significantly affect food security only in the locality of Lemera. In this case, it is necessary to encourage large-scale production through access to new technologies, access to food, education and financing, structuring and strengthening the capacities of farmers' organizations, diversification of activities and the revival of the livestock farming sector and its integration into the cropping system, access to resources by women, the development of agricultural markets for products and inputs.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
Page(s)	190-202
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Food Security, Calorie Intake, Monetary Poverty

References

[1]	A. Amsoms & W. Marivoet (2010), “Socio-economic profile of South Kivu and future lines of research”. In: S. Marysse, F. Reyntjens & S. Vandeginste. (eds.). Africa of the Great Lakes: Yearbook 2009-2010. Paris: The Harmattan, 259-271. (In French)
[2]	A. Sen (1981), “Poverty and famines. An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation”. International Labor Organization.
[3]	FAO (1996), “Rome Declaration on World Food Security and Plan of Action of the World Food Summit”, 13 17 November 1996, Rome Italy, 1996-a, 48p. (In French)
[4]	FAO, IFAD & WFP (2015), “The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2015”. 2015 International Goals for Hunger Reduction: Uneven Progress. Rome, FAO (In French).
[5]	N. Dembélé (2001), “Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: What a Realization Strategy, Support Project for the Decentralized Information System of the Agricultural Market”. PASIDMA, Mali Chamber of Agriculture. Bamako, February 2001 1-4P. (In French)
[6]	CE & CTA (1998), “Community Strategy for Food Security and ACP Countries”. Seminar on Food Security, Brussels, European Commission, Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation, 1997, 20-23 October, 24-27 November, 8-11 December, 1998, 94p. (In French)
[7]	Human Resources Development Canada (HRDC) (2002), “Food insecurity in Canada 1998-1999”. (In French)
[8]	FAO (2008), “Introduction to the concept of food security”. EC-FAO Program (Food Security: Information for Action: Practical Guides. (In French)
[9]	D. Ouédraogo, K. Moussa & B. Kienou (2007), “Food insecurity, vulnerability and poverty in rural Burkina: an approach in terms of energy consumption”. De Boeck Superior \| "Worlds in development" 2007/4 n° 140 \| pages 65 to 84 (In French)
[10]	G. Azoulay, & J. Dillon (1993), “Food Security in Africa, Handbook of Analysis and Strategy Development”. Karthala Edition, 296p. (In French)
[11]	V. Tarasuk, A. Mitchell & N. Dachner (2013), “Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2012”. Toronto. Retrieved from http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/.
[12]	FAO (2009), “World agriculture by 2050”. Rome. Italy. (In French)
[13]	B. Parmentier (2008), “Agriculture: the new world order and medium and long-term prospects”. Geoeconomics, 46, (3), 61-85. doi: 10.3917/geoec.046.0061. (In French)
[14]	S. Vwima (2014), “The role of the border trade of food products with Rwanda in provisioning the urban households of Bukavu town”. (PhD Thesis). University of Liege/Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Belgium. (In French)
[15]	WFP, UNICEF, ANSD (2008), “Impact of price increases on the food security of urban populations”. Final report. (In French)
[16]	J-L. Mastaki (2006), “The role of market bottlenecks in the adoption of agricultural innovations among food producers in South Kivu (East of R. D. Congo)”. PhD thesis Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of Gembloux (Belgium). (In French)
[17]	WFP (2014), “In-Depth Analysis of Food Security and Vulnerability (CFSVA)”. DRCongo. (In French)
[18]	MICS (2010), “Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey”. MICS-2010 (In French).
[19]	Integrated Framework for Food Security Classification (IPC) in East and Central Africa, December 2012 (In French).
[20]	J-P. Chausse, T. Kembola & R. Ngonde (2012), "Agriculture: Cornerstone of the DRC's Economy", in J. Herderschee, D. Mukoko Samba & M. Tshimenga Tshibangu (editors). “Resilience of an African Giant: Accelerating Growth and Promoting Employment in the Democratic Republic of Congo”. Volume II: Sector Studies, MEDIASPAUL, Kinshasa, pages 1-97 (In French).
[21]	P. Lebailly, B. Michel & R. Ntoto (2014), « What agricultural development for the DRC”. Conjoncture. (In French)
[22]	S. Vwima, J-L. Mastaki, P. Lebailly. (2013), “The role of border trade in food with Rwanda in the household supply of the city of Bukavu (South Kivu Province)”. In The notebooks of the Third World Association, n°28. P. 27-41. (In French)
[23]	UNDP (2010), “Note on the political and socio-economic situation in South-Eastern”. (In French)
[24]	J. P. Zoyen, E. Diang'a, Q. Wadon (2008), «Measures and determinants of food insecurity in Burundi according to the caloric intake approach”. The African Statistical Journal. vol. 6. (In French)
[25]	C. Bucekuderhwa & S. Mapatano. (2013), "Understanding the dynamics of vulnerability to food insecurity in South Kivu", VertigO - the electronic journal in environmental sciences [Online], Special Issue 17\| September 2013, posted on September 12, 2013, accessed on May 09, 2017. (In French) URL: http://vertigo.revues.org/13819; DOI: 10.4000/vertigo.13819. (In French)
[26]	Y. R. Kinimo (2013). “Determinants of under-nourishment of households in Côte d'Ivoire: the case of the Center and Center-Est regions”. European Scientific Journal. vol 9 No. 14. Kivu, 1st Semester 2010. New York: UNDP. (In French)
[27]	C. Hurlin (2003), “Econometrics of qualitative variables”. Unpublished, University of Orleans, France. (In French)
[28]	C. Blanchet, C. Plant, L. Rochette (2009). “Food consumption and nutritional intake of Quebec adults”. National Institute of Public Health of Quebec. (In French)
[29]	D. De Failly (2000), “The economy of South Kivu 1990-2000: profound changes hidden by a breakdown”. In: S. Marysse. & F. Reyntjens. (eds.). “Africa of the Great Lakes”: Yearbook 1999-2000. Paris: The Harmattan, 163-192. (In French)
[30]	Lukuli (2006). Poverty Measurement and Analysis in South Kivu, LEAD, PIC Project "Dynamics of Productive Sectors and Integrated Rural Development", CUD, Discussion Paper, Mimeo, LEAD, UCB. (In French)
[31]	A. Abdulai & A. Crole Rees (2001), “Determinants of income diversification among rural households in Southern Mali”. Food Policy, 26, 437-452.
[32]	F. Wouterse & J. E. Taylor (2008), “Migration and Income Diversification: Evidence from Burkina Faso”. World Development vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 625-640.
[33]	J. K. Sesabo & R. S. J. Tol, (2005), “Factors affecting income strategies among households in Tanzania coastal villages: implications for development conservation initiatives”. Working paper FNU-70.
[34]	A. M. Roza & H. M. Shizgal (1984), “The Harris Benedict equation reevaluated: resting energy requirements and the body cell mass”. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. vol. 40 (1): 168-182.
[35]	Institute of Medicine of National Academies. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The essential guide to nutrient requirements. The National Academies Press. Washington. 2006. (In French)
[36]	WFP, Quarterly Newsletter on Food Security in the DRC, Issue 3/2011-4^th Quarter 2011.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany, Bumva Birakaheka Judical, Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. (2021). Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7(4), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany; Bumva Birakaheka Judical; Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 190-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany, Bumva Birakaheka Judical, Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2021;7(4):190-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18,
  author = {Vwima Ngezirabona Stany and Bumva Birakaheka Judical and Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave},
  title = {Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {190-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  abstract = {This study aims to measure food insecurity and its correlates according to the calorie intake approach. By conducting the consumption survey on a stratified sample grouped into localities considered, here, as strata. The survey covered 139 households. The results show that 84.2% of the respondents generate their income from agriculture and the household lives on US $ 50.09 per month obtained from the optical expenditure. Households allocate more than 50% of this income to food consumption. The calorie intake provided by the consumed food is 1248.28 kcal. The Estimated Energy Need (EEN) calculated was 2303.76 kcal on average, i.e., a negative gap of 1055.48. The estimated results of the LOGIT model for the possibility of being food secure showed that factors of various kinds expose households to food insecurity, i.e., level of education, gender, income and number of meals. In addition, livestock farming, distance from home to market were variables that significantly condition the probability of a household being food secure only in the locality of Bwegera whereas household size and existence other income sources within the household significantly affect food security only in the locality of Lemera. In this case, it is necessary to encourage large-scale production through access to new technologies, access to food, education and financing, structuring and strengthening the capacities of farmers' organizations, diversification of activities and the revival of the livestock farming sector and its integration into the cropping system, access to resources by women, the development of agricultural markets for products and inputs.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC
AU  - Vwima Ngezirabona Stany
AU  - Bumva Birakaheka Judical
AU  - Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave
Y1  - 2021/08/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 190
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
AB  - This study aims to measure food insecurity and its correlates according to the calorie intake approach. By conducting the consumption survey on a stratified sample grouped into localities considered, here, as strata. The survey covered 139 households. The results show that 84.2% of the respondents generate their income from agriculture and the household lives on US $ 50.09 per month obtained from the optical expenditure. Households allocate more than 50% of this income to food consumption. The calorie intake provided by the consumed food is 1248.28 kcal. The Estimated Energy Need (EEN) calculated was 2303.76 kcal on average, i.e., a negative gap of 1055.48. The estimated results of the LOGIT model for the possibility of being food secure showed that factors of various kinds expose households to food insecurity, i.e., level of education, gender, income and number of meals. In addition, livestock farming, distance from home to market were variables that significantly condition the probability of a household being food secure only in the locality of Bwegera whereas household size and existence other income sources within the household significantly affect food security only in the locality of Lemera. In this case, it is necessary to encourage large-scale production through access to new technologies, access to food, education and financing, structuring and strengthening the capacities of farmers' organizations, diversification of activities and the revival of the livestock farming sector and its integration into the cropping system, access to resources by women, the development of agricultural markets for products and inputs.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany

Department of Rural Economic, Evangelical University in Africa (EUA), Bukavu, DRC
Bumva Birakaheka Judical

Department of Rural Economic, Evangelical University in Africa (EUA), Bukavu, DRC
Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave

Department of Agronomy, Evangelical University in Africa (EUA), Bukavu, DRC

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany, Bumva Birakaheka Judical, Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. (2021). Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7(4), 190-202. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany; Bumva Birakaheka Judical; Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 190-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Vwima Ngezirabona Stany, Bumva Birakaheka Judical, Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave. Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2021;7(4):190-202. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18,
  author = {Vwima Ngezirabona Stany and Bumva Birakaheka Judical and Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave},
  title = {Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {190-202},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20210704.18},
  abstract = {This study aims to measure food insecurity and its correlates according to the calorie intake approach. By conducting the consumption survey on a stratified sample grouped into localities considered, here, as strata. The survey covered 139 households. The results show that 84.2% of the respondents generate their income from agriculture and the household lives on US $ 50.09 per month obtained from the optical expenditure. Households allocate more than 50% of this income to food consumption. The calorie intake provided by the consumed food is 1248.28 kcal. The Estimated Energy Need (EEN) calculated was 2303.76 kcal on average, i.e., a negative gap of 1055.48. The estimated results of the LOGIT model for the possibility of being food secure showed that factors of various kinds expose households to food insecurity, i.e., level of education, gender, income and number of meals. In addition, livestock farming, distance from home to market were variables that significantly condition the probability of a household being food secure only in the locality of Bwegera whereas household size and existence other income sources within the household significantly affect food security only in the locality of Lemera. In this case, it is necessary to encourage large-scale production through access to new technologies, access to food, education and financing, structuring and strengthening the capacities of farmers' organizations, diversification of activities and the revival of the livestock farming sector and its integration into the cropping system, access to resources by women, the development of agricultural markets for products and inputs.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Food Insecurity According to the Calorie Intake Approach: A Specific Case in South Kivu, DRC
AU  - Vwima Ngezirabona Stany
AU  - Bumva Birakaheka Judical
AU  - Mushagalusa Nachigera Gustave
Y1  - 2021/08/27
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 190
EP  - 202
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210704.18
AB  - This study aims to measure food insecurity and its correlates according to the calorie intake approach. By conducting the consumption survey on a stratified sample grouped into localities considered, here, as strata. The survey covered 139 households. The results show that 84.2% of the respondents generate their income from agriculture and the household lives on US $ 50.09 per month obtained from the optical expenditure. Households allocate more than 50% of this income to food consumption. The calorie intake provided by the consumed food is 1248.28 kcal. The Estimated Energy Need (EEN) calculated was 2303.76 kcal on average, i.e., a negative gap of 1055.48. The estimated results of the LOGIT model for the possibility of being food secure showed that factors of various kinds expose households to food insecurity, i.e., level of education, gender, income and number of meals. In addition, livestock farming, distance from home to market were variables that significantly condition the probability of a household being food secure only in the locality of Bwegera whereas household size and existence other income sources within the household significantly affect food security only in the locality of Lemera. In this case, it is necessary to encourage large-scale production through access to new technologies, access to food, education and financing, structuring and strengthening the capacities of farmers' organizations, diversification of activities and the revival of the livestock farming sector and its integration into the cropping system, access to resources by women, the development of agricultural markets for products and inputs.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download