Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

| Peer-Reviewed

Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)

Received: 14 November 2020 Accepted: 5 January 2021 Published: 22 January 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Tillage systems classified into two groups: conventional (CT) and conservation (CVT) tillage. The first group (CT), soil inverted and crop residues buried. (CT) has some disadvantages. Firstly, disturbing the soil unnecessarily in areas where the soil structure and condition is not required is wasteful of time and fuel. Secondly, incorrect tillage depth can cause damage to the soil structure, which can lead to the formation of a compaction layer. The second group, (CVT) defined as no-tillage with leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the field. (CVT) improves the efficient usage of the natural resources of water and soil. However, (CVT) has some drawbacks such as not recommended if the soil has compaction problems. Recently a third group emerged, namely variable-depth tillage (VDT), or precision tillage technology optimizes soil physical properties only where the tillage needed by applying tillage at the required depth. (VDT) has been shown to reduce costs, labor, fuel consumption and energy requirements. To implement (VDT) system, it is necessary to determine and map soil penetration resistance, spatially and with depth through the soil profile. Therefore, an experiment conducted in a field to evaluate a technology to determine the tillage depth based on soil penetration resistant at different depths of soil. The field experiment area divided into five plots (no-tillage - uniform-depth tillage at 25cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 35cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 45cm tillage depth - variable-depth tillage) where, no-tillage indicated to (CVT), uniform-depth tillage indicated to (CT) and (VDT) indicated to precision tillage. The study measurements were fuel consumption rate (FCR), actual field capacity (AFC), power requirements (PR), specific energy (SE), operating costs (OC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and sorghum yield (SY). The results showed that compaction layer occurred between the soil depths of 25cm and 35cm. Therefore, the (VDT) system was used at a tillage depth of 35cm. The average ratio from total field area that needed to till was about 47%. The results showed that (VDT) system caused a decreasing in the (FCR), (PR) and (OC) about 35%, 35% and 23%, respectively, compared to uniform-depth tillage system (UDT), while the (AFC) for VDT system increased about 21% compared to (UDT). The (SY) for (VDT) system increased about 53% compared to (UDT) at 25cm tillage depth, while the (SY) for VDT system decreased about 8% and 11% compared to (UDT) at 35cm and 45cm tillage depth, respectively.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
Page(s)	38-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Conventional Tillage, No-Tillage, Soil Compaction, Soil Penetration Resistant, Sorghum Crop Yields, Variable-Depth Tillage

References

[1]	CTIC 2010. Tillage type definitions. Conservation Technology Information Center. http://www.ctic.purdue.edu/media/pdf/TillageDefinitions.pdf.
[2]	Keskin, S. G., Khalilian, A., Han, Y. J. and Dodd, R. B. 2011. Variable-depth tillage based on georeferenced soil compaction data in Coastal Plain Soils. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, vol. 1, pp. 22-33.
[3]	Gill, W. R. and Vanden Berg, G. E. 1968. Soil dynamics in tillage and traction. Agricultural Handbook no 316. U.S. Government Printing Office., Washington, D. C.
[4]	Hill, R. P. and Mannering, J. V. 2009. Conservation tillage and water quality. WQ-20 1/95, Purdue University Cooperative Extension Service, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
[5]	Domsch, H., Ehlert, D., Giebel, A., Witzke, K. and Boess, J. 2006. Evaluation of the soil penetration resistance along a transect to determine the loosening depth. Precision Agriculture, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 309-326.
[6]	Raper, R. L. 2003. Soil compaction management. In Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering, 902-905. D. Heldman, Ed. New York, N. Y.: Marcel Dekker.
[7]	Craul, P. J. 1994. Soil compaction on heavily used sites. J. Arboriculture, 20 (2): 69-74.
[8]	Raper, R. L., Reeves, D. W. and Burt, E. 1998. Using in-row subsoiling to minimize soil compaction caused by traffic. J. Cotton Sci. 2 (3): 130-135.
[9]	Al-Adawi, S. S., and Reeder, R. C. 1996. Compaction and sub-soiling effects on corn and soybean yields and soil physical properties. Trans. ASAE 39 (5): 1641-1649.
[10]	Raper, R. L. 1999. Site-specific tillage for site-specific compaction: Is there a need? In the Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference of Dryland Conservation/Zone Tillage, Beijing, China.
[11]	Fulton J. P., Wells, L. G., Shearer, S. A. and Barnhisel, R. I. 1996. Spatial variation of soil physical properties: a precursor to precision tillage. ASAE Paper No. 961012. St. Joseph, Michigan, USA.
[12]	Palmer, A. L. and kruger, I. R. 1982. Comparative drafts of six tillage implements. In the Proceeding of the 1982 Conference on Agricultural Engineering, Armidale, NSW Australia, 22-24 August. Barton, Australia, pp: 163-167.
[13]	Upadhyaya, S. K., Williams, T. H., Kemble, L. J. and Collins, N. E. 1984. Energy requirement for chiseling in coastal plain soils. Transactions of the ASAE, 36: 1267-1270 Service, pp: 316.
[14]	Raper, R. L. and Reeves, D. W. 2004a. Reducing soil compaction with in-row subsoiling and controlled traffic. In: Proceedings of Session IV of the 2004 CIGR International Conference, October 11-14, 2004, Beijing, China.
[15]	Kenan, K., Ozgoz, E. and Akbas, F. 2003. Assessment of spatial variability in penetration resistance as related to some soil physical properties of two fluvents in Turkey. Soil Till. Res. 76: 1-11.
[16]	Naiqian, Z., Maohua, W. and Ning, W. 2000. Precision agriculture- a worldwide review. ICETS Session 6: Technology Innovation and Sustainable Agriculture: 112-122.
[17]	Raper, R. L., Reeves, D. W., Burmeste C. H. and Schwab, E. B. 2000. Tillage depth, tillage timing and cover crop effects on Cotton yield, soil strength and tillage energy requirements. App. Eng. Agr. 16 (4): 379-385.
[18]	Khalilian, A., Han, Y. J., Dodd, R. B., Sullivan, M. J. Gorucu, S. and Keskin, M. 2002. A control system for variable depth tillage. ASAE Paper No. 02-1209. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
[19]	Ehlers, W., Popke, V., Hesse, F. and Bohm, W. 1983. Penetration resistance and root growth of oats in tilled and untilled loam soil. Soil Tillage Res. 3: 261-275.
[20]	Taylor, H. M. and Gardner, H. R. 1963. Penetration of cotton seedling taproots as influenced by bulk density, moisture content and strength of soil. Soil Sci. 96: 153-545.
[21]	Manor, G., and Clark, R. L. 2001. Development of an instrumented subsoiler to map soil hardpans and real-time control of subsoiler depth. ASAE Paper No. 011022. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE.
[22]	Raper, R. L., Reeves, D. W., Shaw, J. N., van Santen E. and Mask, P. L. 2005a. Site-specific subsoiling benefits for cotton production. ASAE Paper No. 051025. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE.
[23]	Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Y., Alimardani, R., Khalilian, A., Keyhani, A. R. and Sadati, S. H. 2006. Energy requirement of site-specific and conventional tillage as affected by tractor speed and soil parameters. Int. J. Agri. Biol. 8 (4): 499-503.
[24]	Ess, D. and Morgan, M. 2003. The Precision Farming Guide for Agriculturists. Deere & Company, Moline, Il, USA.
[25]	Khalilian, A., Han, Y. J., Marshall, M. W., Gorucu, S., Abbaspour-Gilandeh, Y. and Kirk, K. R. 2014. Evaluation of the Clemson instrumented subsoiler shank in coastal plain soils, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture; 109 (2014) 46-51.
[26]	Gorucu, S., Khalilian, A., Han, Y. J., Dodd, R. B. and Smith, B. R. 2006. An Algorithm to Determine the Optimum Tillage Depth from Soil Penetrometer Data in Coastal Plain Soils. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 22 (5): 625-631.
[27]	Kostic, M. M., Rakic, D. Z., Savin, L. D., Dedovic, N. M. and Simikic, M. D. 2016. “Application of an original soil tillage resistance sensor in spatial prediction of selected soil properties.” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 127 (2016): 615-624.
[28]	Meselhy, A. A. 2020. Evaluation of locally made horizontal penetrometer to measure soil compaction under Egyptian conditions. Bioscience Research, 2020 volume 17 (3): 2331-2357.
[29]	ASAE Standards 2004. ASAE S313.3 FEB04: Soil cone penetrometer. In: Hahn, R. H., M. A. Purschwitz and E. E. Rosentreter (Eds.). ASAE Standards 2004. ASAE. 2950 ASAE, St. Joseph, MI.
[30]	Kepner, R. A., Bainer, R. and Barger, E. L. 1978. Principles of Farm Machinery. Ch 5, the AVI Publishing Company.
[31]	El-Awady, M. N. 1978. Engineering of Tractor and Agricultural Machinery. Text Book, Fac. Of Ag. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, Egypt.
[32]	Hunt, D. and Welson, D. 2015. Farm power and machinery management 11^th Ed., Iowa State Univ., Ames, U.S.A.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. (2021). Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2021, 7(1), 38-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2021;7(1):38-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13,
  author = {Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy},
  title = {Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  abstract = {Tillage systems classified into two groups: conventional (CT) and conservation (CVT) tillage. The first group (CT), soil inverted and crop residues buried. (CT) has some disadvantages. Firstly, disturbing the soil unnecessarily in areas where the soil structure and condition is not required is wasteful of time and fuel. Secondly, incorrect tillage depth can cause damage to the soil structure, which can lead to the formation of a compaction layer. The second group, (CVT) defined as no-tillage with leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the field. (CVT) improves the efficient usage of the natural resources of water and soil. However, (CVT) has some drawbacks such as not recommended if the soil has compaction problems. Recently a third group emerged, namely variable-depth tillage (VDT), or precision tillage technology optimizes soil physical properties only where the tillage needed by applying tillage at the required depth. (VDT) has been shown to reduce costs, labor, fuel consumption and energy requirements. To implement (VDT) system, it is necessary to determine and map soil penetration resistance, spatially and with depth through the soil profile. Therefore, an experiment conducted in a field to evaluate a technology to determine the tillage depth based on soil penetration resistant at different depths of soil. The field experiment area divided into five plots (no-tillage - uniform-depth tillage at 25cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 35cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 45cm tillage depth - variable-depth tillage) where, no-tillage indicated to (CVT), uniform-depth tillage indicated to (CT) and (VDT) indicated to precision tillage. The study measurements were fuel consumption rate (FCR), actual field capacity (AFC), power requirements (PR), specific energy (SE), operating costs (OC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and sorghum yield (SY). The results showed that compaction layer occurred between the soil depths of 25cm and 35cm. Therefore, the (VDT) system was used at a tillage depth of 35cm. The average ratio from total field area that needed to till was about 47%. The results showed that (VDT) system caused a decreasing in the (FCR), (PR) and (OC) about 35%, 35% and 23%, respectively, compared to uniform-depth tillage system (UDT), while the (AFC) for VDT system increased about 21% compared to (UDT). The (SY) for (VDT) system increased about 53% compared to (UDT) at 25cm tillage depth, while the (SY) for VDT system decreased about 8% and 11% compared to (UDT) at 35cm and 45cm tillage depth, respectively.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil
AU  - Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy
Y1  - 2021/01/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 38
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
AB  - Tillage systems classified into two groups: conventional (CT) and conservation (CVT) tillage. The first group (CT), soil inverted and crop residues buried. (CT) has some disadvantages. Firstly, disturbing the soil unnecessarily in areas where the soil structure and condition is not required is wasteful of time and fuel. Secondly, incorrect tillage depth can cause damage to the soil structure, which can lead to the formation of a compaction layer. The second group, (CVT) defined as no-tillage with leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the field. (CVT) improves the efficient usage of the natural resources of water and soil. However, (CVT) has some drawbacks such as not recommended if the soil has compaction problems. Recently a third group emerged, namely variable-depth tillage (VDT), or precision tillage technology optimizes soil physical properties only where the tillage needed by applying tillage at the required depth. (VDT) has been shown to reduce costs, labor, fuel consumption and energy requirements. To implement (VDT) system, it is necessary to determine and map soil penetration resistance, spatially and with depth through the soil profile. Therefore, an experiment conducted in a field to evaluate a technology to determine the tillage depth based on soil penetration resistant at different depths of soil. The field experiment area divided into five plots (no-tillage - uniform-depth tillage at 25cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 35cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 45cm tillage depth - variable-depth tillage) where, no-tillage indicated to (CVT), uniform-depth tillage indicated to (CT) and (VDT) indicated to precision tillage. The study measurements were fuel consumption rate (FCR), actual field capacity (AFC), power requirements (PR), specific energy (SE), operating costs (OC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and sorghum yield (SY). The results showed that compaction layer occurred between the soil depths of 25cm and 35cm. Therefore, the (VDT) system was used at a tillage depth of 35cm. The average ratio from total field area that needed to till was about 47%. The results showed that (VDT) system caused a decreasing in the (FCR), (PR) and (OC) about 35%, 35% and 23%, respectively, compared to uniform-depth tillage system (UDT), while the (AFC) for VDT system increased about 21% compared to (UDT). The (SY) for (VDT) system increased about 53% compared to (UDT) at 25cm tillage depth, while the (SY) for VDT system decreased about 8% and 11% compared to (UDT) at 35cm and 45cm tillage depth, respectively.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy

Agricultural Mechanization Unit, Soil and Water Conservation Department - Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. (2021). Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2021, 7(1), 38-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy. Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2021;7(1):38-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13,
  author = {Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy},
  title = {Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {1},
  pages = {38-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20210701.13},
  abstract = {Tillage systems classified into two groups: conventional (CT) and conservation (CVT) tillage. The first group (CT), soil inverted and crop residues buried. (CT) has some disadvantages. Firstly, disturbing the soil unnecessarily in areas where the soil structure and condition is not required is wasteful of time and fuel. Secondly, incorrect tillage depth can cause damage to the soil structure, which can lead to the formation of a compaction layer. The second group, (CVT) defined as no-tillage with leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the field. (CVT) improves the efficient usage of the natural resources of water and soil. However, (CVT) has some drawbacks such as not recommended if the soil has compaction problems. Recently a third group emerged, namely variable-depth tillage (VDT), or precision tillage technology optimizes soil physical properties only where the tillage needed by applying tillage at the required depth. (VDT) has been shown to reduce costs, labor, fuel consumption and energy requirements. To implement (VDT) system, it is necessary to determine and map soil penetration resistance, spatially and with depth through the soil profile. Therefore, an experiment conducted in a field to evaluate a technology to determine the tillage depth based on soil penetration resistant at different depths of soil. The field experiment area divided into five plots (no-tillage - uniform-depth tillage at 25cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 35cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 45cm tillage depth - variable-depth tillage) where, no-tillage indicated to (CVT), uniform-depth tillage indicated to (CT) and (VDT) indicated to precision tillage. The study measurements were fuel consumption rate (FCR), actual field capacity (AFC), power requirements (PR), specific energy (SE), operating costs (OC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and sorghum yield (SY). The results showed that compaction layer occurred between the soil depths of 25cm and 35cm. Therefore, the (VDT) system was used at a tillage depth of 35cm. The average ratio from total field area that needed to till was about 47%. The results showed that (VDT) system caused a decreasing in the (FCR), (PR) and (OC) about 35%, 35% and 23%, respectively, compared to uniform-depth tillage system (UDT), while the (AFC) for VDT system increased about 21% compared to (UDT). The (SY) for (VDT) system increased about 53% compared to (UDT) at 25cm tillage depth, while the (SY) for VDT system decreased about 8% and 11% compared to (UDT) at 35cm and 45cm tillage depth, respectively.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil
AU  - Adil Abd Elsamia Meselhy
Y1  - 2021/01/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP  - 38
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-7885
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20210701.13
AB  - Tillage systems classified into two groups: conventional (CT) and conservation (CVT) tillage. The first group (CT), soil inverted and crop residues buried. (CT) has some disadvantages. Firstly, disturbing the soil unnecessarily in areas where the soil structure and condition is not required is wasteful of time and fuel. Secondly, incorrect tillage depth can cause damage to the soil structure, which can lead to the formation of a compaction layer. The second group, (CVT) defined as no-tillage with leaving at least 30% of the crop residue on the field. (CVT) improves the efficient usage of the natural resources of water and soil. However, (CVT) has some drawbacks such as not recommended if the soil has compaction problems. Recently a third group emerged, namely variable-depth tillage (VDT), or precision tillage technology optimizes soil physical properties only where the tillage needed by applying tillage at the required depth. (VDT) has been shown to reduce costs, labor, fuel consumption and energy requirements. To implement (VDT) system, it is necessary to determine and map soil penetration resistance, spatially and with depth through the soil profile. Therefore, an experiment conducted in a field to evaluate a technology to determine the tillage depth based on soil penetration resistant at different depths of soil. The field experiment area divided into five plots (no-tillage - uniform-depth tillage at 25cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 35cm tillage depth - uniform-depth tillage at 45cm tillage depth - variable-depth tillage) where, no-tillage indicated to (CVT), uniform-depth tillage indicated to (CT) and (VDT) indicated to precision tillage. The study measurements were fuel consumption rate (FCR), actual field capacity (AFC), power requirements (PR), specific energy (SE), operating costs (OC), soil penetration resistance (SPR) and sorghum yield (SY). The results showed that compaction layer occurred between the soil depths of 25cm and 35cm. Therefore, the (VDT) system was used at a tillage depth of 35cm. The average ratio from total field area that needed to till was about 47%. The results showed that (VDT) system caused a decreasing in the (FCR), (PR) and (OC) about 35%, 35% and 23%, respectively, compared to uniform-depth tillage system (UDT), while the (AFC) for VDT system increased about 21% compared to (UDT). The (SY) for (VDT) system increased about 53% compared to (UDT) at 25cm tillage depth, while the (SY) for VDT system decreased about 8% and 11% compared to (UDT) at 35cm and 45cm tillage depth, respectively.
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download