Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>. L) Under Iraqi Conditions

Hadwan Hamid Ali; Francis Araha Janno; Rafal Esmael Majed; Muntaser Mansor Hamza

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions

Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 29 November 2018 Accepted: 1 February 2019 Published: 15 May 2019

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Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha^-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH₄, NO₃, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.

Published in	International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
Page(s)	45-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biofertilizers, Bacteria, Fungi, Wheat, Yield, Mineral Fertilizers and Financial Cost

References

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APA Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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ACS Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali; Francis Araha Janno; Rafal Esmael Majed; Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2019, 5(2), 45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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AMA Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2019;5(2):45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13,
  author = {Hadwan Hamid Ali and Francis Araha Janno and Rafal Esmael Majed and Muntaser Mansor Hamza},
  title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions
AU - Hadwan Hamid Ali
AU - Francis Araha Janno
AU - Rafal Esmael Majed
AU - Muntaser Mansor Hamza
Y1 - 2019/05/15
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
DO - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
T2 - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JF - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
JO - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
SP - 45
EP - 49
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-7885
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
AB - The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.
VL - 5
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Hadwan Hamid Ali

Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap
Francis Araha Janno

Directorate of Agr-Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap
Rafal Esmael Majed

Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap
Muntaser Mansor Hamza

Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

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APA Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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ACS Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali; Francis Araha Janno; Rafal Esmael Majed; Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2019, 5(2), 45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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AMA Style

Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2019;5(2):45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13,
  author = {Hadwan Hamid Ali and Francis Araha Janno and Rafal Esmael Majed and Muntaser Mansor Hamza},
  title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions},
  journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {45-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20190502.13},
  abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.},
 year = {2019}
}

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