The architectural profession operates in an extremely competitive environment today - and more and more evidence arises showing it cannot cope. The consequence is socio-economic problems for architects, the devastation of the branch, and substandard performance that affects the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, including urgent goals of sustainable development efforts. Obviously, any of the consequences is worth to eliminate; to turn the attention to the problems and contribute to launching the needed changes is the objective of the paper. Putting the realia of topic area into the industrialization´s theory framework, the paper puts the hypothesis that a persistence of the architectural profession in pre-industrial, medieval-guild paradigm is the cause. Further, the explanations of particular, today-frequented cases of the counter-productivity and, in today's social and economic conditions, the unsustainability of the processes and acts by which the profession is practiced that are based on Toynbee's theory discuss, test, and verify the hypothesis. Virtual public space and, in particular, virtual reality environments and technologies are bringing the architectural profession to the brink of a revolution. It promises to optimize the processes of architectural design and the planning of the building that makes architecture material and to upgrade the level of quality of the results achieved. Is the profession ready for such a revolution; is it ripe for it? Is it coping with the current situation, which is different from the conditions and environment in which the architect was the sovereign creator of the summum templum architecturae? Can it use the technological revolution to overcome the long-standing problems and establish a new professional paradigm that renders necessary for the regeneration of the profession, for its performance in terms of securing the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, and for promoting the sustainability of life on Earth? Finally, the paper proposes a positive conclusion – conditioned by industrializing the profession at last; as the prerequisite and the path, the paper suggests mastering the virtual reality environments by the architectural profession and utilization of its technologogies.
Published in | International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 3) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14 |
Page(s) | 121-129 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Architecture, Architectural Competition, Industrialization, Industrial Competition, Public Space, Virtual Reality
[1] | VITRUVIUS, M. P.: The Ten Books on Architecture. original title De architectura [libri decem], translation Morrris Hicky Morgan. Kessinger Publishing 2005. ISBN 9781417969579. |
[2] | ZATLOUKAL, P.: Příběhy z dlouhého století. Olomouc, Muzeum umění 2002. ISBN 80-85227-49-5. |
[3] | TOYNBEE, A.: Lectures on the Industrial Revolution in England. London, Cambridge University Press 2011, ISBN 9781139094566. |
[4] | WINTER, Z.: Český průmysl a obchod v 16. věku. Praha: Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění, 1913. https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/mlp/view/uuid:f8dcd5d0-8989-11dd-b018-0030 487be43a?page=uuid:d39c9750-898a-11dd-86c9-0030487be43a s. 339-440. retrieved 22.04.2022 |
[5] | WINTER, Z.: Dějiny řemesel a obchodu v Čechách v 14. a v 15. století. Praha: Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa, 1906. https://kramerius5.nkp.cz/view/uuid:660b7500-029f-11e4-9789-005056827e52?page=uuid:efa 410d0-1d55-11e4-8413-5ef3fc9ae867 s. 725-769. retrieved 22.04.2022. |
[6] | BANNACK, G., BAXTER, R. E., REES, R.: The Penguin Dictionary of Economics. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1984. ISBN 0 14051.134 2. |
[7] | HEIDEGGER, M.: … dichterisch wohnet der Mensch … Vorträge und Aufsätze. Günther Neske, Pfullingen 1954, p. 192. |
[8] | Profession libérale — Wikipédia (wikipedia.org) retrieved 24.04.2022. |
[9] | ESPING-ANDERSEN, Gøsta: The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 1990. ISBN 0-691-02857-5. |
[10] | The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Public Law 111-148, enacted by the 111th United States Congress, effective March 13, 2010. |
[11] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poiesis. retrieved 2.4.2022. |
[12] | HEIDEGGER, M.: Voll Verdienst, doch dichterisch wohnet / Der Mensch auf dieser Erde. [Heidegger und Hölderlin, herausgegeben von Peter Trawny]. Vittorio Klostermann 2000. ISBN 978-3-465-03084-3. |
[13] | https://www.britannica.com/topic/architecture. retr. 5.3.2022. |
[14] | Hlavní město Praha: Rozhodnutí zadavatele o námitkách. Soutěž o návrh „Meziprosotry pražské tržnice“. Praha, 27. procince 2021. Č.j. MHMP 2121373/2021 |
[15] | WHINSTON, J. A., LILJENQUIST, K. A., DALINSKI, A. D., MAGEE, J. C., GRUENFELD, D. H., CADENA, B.: The blind leading: Power reduces awareness of constraints Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Vol. 49, Issue 3, May 2013, pp. 579-582. online: The blind leading: Power reduces awareness of constraints - ScienceDirect / https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.009.retrieved 23.04.2022. |
[16] | Zákon č. 459/2016 Sb., kterým se mění zákon č. 360/1992 Sb., o výkonu povolání autorizovaných architektů a o výkonu povolání autorizovaných inženýrů a techniků činných ve výstavbě, ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Sbírka zákonů České republiky, částka 185/2016. |
[17] | WAGNER, K.: Architects are Workers, The Architet´s Newspaper. January 11, 2021. https://www.archpaper.com/ 2021/01/architecture-and-labor-review/ retrieved 10.03.2022. |
[18] | DEAMER, P.: Architecture and Labor. Routledge 2020. ISBN 9780367343507. |
[19] | CONKLIN, E.: Section of Architectural Workers sets up union efforts in London. The Architet´s Newspaper. November 4, 2019. https://www.archpaper.com/2019/11/saw-union-london/ retrieved 20.02.2022. |
[20] | STOUHI, D.: Can Architects Finally have a Seat at the Table? Labor Rights and Working Conditions in Architecture. ArchDaily. December 19, 2021. Can Architects Finally have a Seat at the Table? Labor Rights and Work Conditions in Architecture | ArchDaily retrieved 10.0.2022. |
[21] | EASTERLING, Keller: Subtraction. Critical Spatial Practice 4, edited by HIRSCH, Nikolaus, and MIESSEN, Markus. Sternebrg Presss 2014. ISBN 978-3-95679-046-1. |
[22] | BERARDI, Franco: What does Cognitariat Mean? Work, Desire, and Depression. Cultural Studies Review vol. 11 No. 2 September 2005. http://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index. php/csrj/index retrieved 15.04.2022. |
[23] | ANDERSEN, K.: The Geometry of an Art. The History of the Mathematical Theory of Perspective from Albeti to Monge. Springer 2007. ISBN 978-0-387-48946-9. |
[24] | COLE, A.: Perspective (Eyewitness Art). Dorling Kindersley Publishing, Inc. 2000. ISBN 0789455854. |
[25] | HOCKNEY, D.: Secret Knowledge. Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters. Thames & Hudson 2001. ISBN 9780500286388. |
[26] | AGHION, P., ANTONIN, C., BUNEL, S.: The Power of Creative Destruction Economic Upheaval and the Wealth of Nations. Cambridge, Massachsets: The Belknap Press of Harward University Press 2021, ISBN 9780674971165. |
[27] | AUGSTEIN, R., WOLFF, G., HEIDEGGER, M.: Nur noch ein Gott kann uns retten. Der Spiegel 23/1976. Hamburg: Spiegel-Verlag Rudolf Augstein GmbH & Co. KG. 1976. ISSN 0038-7452. |
[28] | VESELÝ, D.: Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation The Question of Productivity in the Shadow of Production. The MIT Press 2006. ISBN 978-0262720-0489. |
[29] | HEIDEGGER, M.: Die Zeit des Welbildes. Vittorio Klos-termann, Frankfurt am Main 1977. |
APA Style
Michal Sourek. (2022). Industrialize the Architectural Profession at Last to Revitalize It and Make It up to the Urgent Needs of Our Era. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 8(3), 121-129. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14
ACS Style
Michal Sourek. Industrialize the Architectural Profession at Last to Revitalize It and Make It up to the Urgent Needs of Our Era. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2022, 8(3), 121-129. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14
@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14, author = {Michal Sourek}, title = {Industrialize the Architectural Profession at Last to Revitalize It and Make It up to the Urgent Needs of Our Era}, journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {121-129}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20220803.14}, abstract = {The architectural profession operates in an extremely competitive environment today - and more and more evidence arises showing it cannot cope. The consequence is socio-economic problems for architects, the devastation of the branch, and substandard performance that affects the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, including urgent goals of sustainable development efforts. Obviously, any of the consequences is worth to eliminate; to turn the attention to the problems and contribute to launching the needed changes is the objective of the paper. Putting the realia of topic area into the industrialization´s theory framework, the paper puts the hypothesis that a persistence of the architectural profession in pre-industrial, medieval-guild paradigm is the cause. Further, the explanations of particular, today-frequented cases of the counter-productivity and, in today's social and economic conditions, the unsustainability of the processes and acts by which the profession is practiced that are based on Toynbee's theory discuss, test, and verify the hypothesis. Virtual public space and, in particular, virtual reality environments and technologies are bringing the architectural profession to the brink of a revolution. It promises to optimize the processes of architectural design and the planning of the building that makes architecture material and to upgrade the level of quality of the results achieved. Is the profession ready for such a revolution; is it ripe for it? Is it coping with the current situation, which is different from the conditions and environment in which the architect was the sovereign creator of the summum templum architecturae? Can it use the technological revolution to overcome the long-standing problems and establish a new professional paradigm that renders necessary for the regeneration of the profession, for its performance in terms of securing the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, and for promoting the sustainability of life on Earth? Finally, the paper proposes a positive conclusion – conditioned by industrializing the profession at last; as the prerequisite and the path, the paper suggests mastering the virtual reality environments by the architectural profession and utilization of its technologogies.}, year = {2022} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Industrialize the Architectural Profession at Last to Revitalize It and Make It up to the Urgent Needs of Our Era AU - Michal Sourek Y1 - 2022/07/29 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14 DO - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14 T2 - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JF - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications JO - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications SP - 121 EP - 129 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2472-1131 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20220803.14 AB - The architectural profession operates in an extremely competitive environment today - and more and more evidence arises showing it cannot cope. The consequence is socio-economic problems for architects, the devastation of the branch, and substandard performance that affects the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, including urgent goals of sustainable development efforts. Obviously, any of the consequences is worth to eliminate; to turn the attention to the problems and contribute to launching the needed changes is the objective of the paper. Putting the realia of topic area into the industrialization´s theory framework, the paper puts the hypothesis that a persistence of the architectural profession in pre-industrial, medieval-guild paradigm is the cause. Further, the explanations of particular, today-frequented cases of the counter-productivity and, in today's social and economic conditions, the unsustainability of the processes and acts by which the profession is practiced that are based on Toynbee's theory discuss, test, and verify the hypothesis. Virtual public space and, in particular, virtual reality environments and technologies are bringing the architectural profession to the brink of a revolution. It promises to optimize the processes of architectural design and the planning of the building that makes architecture material and to upgrade the level of quality of the results achieved. Is the profession ready for such a revolution; is it ripe for it? Is it coping with the current situation, which is different from the conditions and environment in which the architect was the sovereign creator of the summum templum architecturae? Can it use the technological revolution to overcome the long-standing problems and establish a new professional paradigm that renders necessary for the regeneration of the profession, for its performance in terms of securing the protected interests of individuals and the public interest, and for promoting the sustainability of life on Earth? Finally, the paper proposes a positive conclusion – conditioned by industrializing the profession at last; as the prerequisite and the path, the paper suggests mastering the virtual reality environments by the architectural profession and utilization of its technologogies. VL - 8 IS - 3 ER -