The physiochemical properties of Natural Bentonite Clay (NBC) were modified in this work to increase its adsorption performance. The NBC was mined from Fika town in Yobe State and thereafter subjected to beneficiation to obtain various particle sizes. The modified NBC and Activated Bentonite Clay (ABC) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the effect of acid attack and the adsorbate Braunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination was conducted on the clay sample before and after modification procedure. The surface areas of the adsorbents before and after modification were found to be 126.50 m2/g and 160.40 m2/g for NBC and ABC respectively. The raw and the modified samples had an adsorption capacity of 12.55 and 74.98 mg/g which were used to purify the simulated textile wastewater to investigate their adsorptive performance. The equilibrium data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models with the aid of origin 9 software using two statistical parameters- the correlation coefficient R and Sum of Square Errors SSE. Results showed the experimental data was best fitted in the Langmuir isotherm model where R values of ABC was consistently higher for dye 1-dye 4 than that of NBC. The SSE of ABC was also found to be consistently lower for all dye adsorption than that of NBC.
| Published in | Frontiers (Volume 6, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17 |
| Page(s) | 206-218 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Adsorption, Bentonite Clay, Adsorption Parameters, Dye Concentration, Particle Size
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APA Style
Paul, A. A., Agbeke, I. O. R., Olufemi, A. B., Sulaiman, Z., Usman, A. (2026). Development of Acid-Modified Clay for the Treatment of Simulated Textile Dye Effluents. Frontiers, 6(4), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17
ACS Style
Paul, A. A.; Agbeke, I. O. R.; Olufemi, A. B.; Sulaiman, Z.; Usman, A. Development of Acid-Modified Clay for the Treatment of Simulated Textile Dye Effluents. Frontiers. 2026, 6(4), 206-218. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17
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Download@article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17,
author = {Adelana Adedamola Paul and Iyun Ogunkemi Risikat Agbeke and Aderemi Benjamin Olufemi and Zakariyau Sulaiman and Ahmed Usman},
title = {Development of Acid-Modified Clay for the Treatment of Simulated Textile Dye Effluents},
journal = {Frontiers},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {206-218},
doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20260604.17},
abstract = {The physiochemical properties of Natural Bentonite Clay (NBC) were modified in this work to increase its adsorption performance. The NBC was mined from Fika town in Yobe State and thereafter subjected to beneficiation to obtain various particle sizes. The modified NBC and Activated Bentonite Clay (ABC) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the effect of acid attack and the adsorbate Braunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination was conducted on the clay sample before and after modification procedure. The surface areas of the adsorbents before and after modification were found to be 126.50 m2/g and 160.40 m2/g for NBC and ABC respectively. The raw and the modified samples had an adsorption capacity of 12.55 and 74.98 mg/g which were used to purify the simulated textile wastewater to investigate their adsorptive performance. The equilibrium data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models with the aid of origin 9 software using two statistical parameters- the correlation coefficient R and Sum of Square Errors SSE. Results showed the experimental data was best fitted in the Langmuir isotherm model where R values of ABC was consistently higher for dye 1-dye 4 than that of NBC. The SSE of ABC was also found to be consistently lower for all dye adsorption than that of NBC.},
year = {2026}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Development of Acid-Modified Clay for the Treatment of Simulated Textile Dye Effluents AU - Adelana Adedamola Paul AU - Iyun Ogunkemi Risikat Agbeke AU - Aderemi Benjamin Olufemi AU - Zakariyau Sulaiman AU - Ahmed Usman Y1 - 2026/11/11 PY - 2026 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17 DO - 10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17 T2 - Frontiers JF - Frontiers JO - Frontiers SP - 206 EP - 218 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7197 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20260604.17 AB - The physiochemical properties of Natural Bentonite Clay (NBC) were modified in this work to increase its adsorption performance. The NBC was mined from Fika town in Yobe State and thereafter subjected to beneficiation to obtain various particle sizes. The modified NBC and Activated Bentonite Clay (ABC) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for the determination of the effect of acid attack and the adsorbate Braunner-Emmet-Teller (BET) method for surface area determination was conducted on the clay sample before and after modification procedure. The surface areas of the adsorbents before and after modification were found to be 126.50 m2/g and 160.40 m2/g for NBC and ABC respectively. The raw and the modified samples had an adsorption capacity of 12.55 and 74.98 mg/g which were used to purify the simulated textile wastewater to investigate their adsorptive performance. The equilibrium data were fitted in Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models with the aid of origin 9 software using two statistical parameters- the correlation coefficient R and Sum of Square Errors SSE. Results showed the experimental data was best fitted in the Langmuir isotherm model where R values of ABC was consistently higher for dye 1-dye 4 than that of NBC. The SSE of ABC was also found to be consistently lower for all dye adsorption than that of NBC. VL - 6 IS - 4 ER -
Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Babura, Nigeria
Department of Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Babura, Nigeria
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