Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Samuel Emmanuel; Jacob Gabriel Anayo; Uhiara Nkolika Leontina; Yelmi Bitrus

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Samuel Emmanuel, Jacob Gabriel Anayo, Uhiara Nkolika Leontina, Yelmi Bitrus

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 2)

Received: 3 February 2023 Accepted: 4 March 2023 Published: 11 April 2023

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Abstract

Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant – rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days’ intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs’ water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7 – 1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
Page(s)	18-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antioxidant-Rich Vegetables, Combination Impacts, Lipid Parameters, Atherosclerosis

References

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[2]	Aouad Ri, aouidet A., Elkadhi C., Royana B. (2000). Effect of fresh garlic (allium sativum) on Lipid metabolism of Male rats. Nutrition Research vol. 20 (2).
[3]	Ezeh C, Kalu T, Nnaji T (2002). Mortality in Medical emergency room: Experience at Abakaliki hospital. Journal of Metabolic syndrome 8248. Third report of National cholesterol education program (NCEP). Expert panel on detection, evaluation and treatment of HB cholesterol in adults. Doi.org/10.1161/circ106.25.3143.
[4]	Falorun A., Uzoekwe AS, Odion EE, Oguazu E. (2011). Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Bitter kola (garcinia) extracts. Bayero Journal of pure and applied sciences 4 (1); DOI 10.4314/bajopas. V4i1.23.
[5]	Hyun Joojang, Hyun Jinlee and Chi-Ho-Lee (2018). Antioxidant and anti-microbial activities of fresh garlic and aged garlic by-products extracted with different solvents. Food science and Biotechnology 27 (1), 219-225. DOI 10.1007/s10068–0246–4. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
[6]	Iihami Gulcin (2004). Antioxidant activity of Saponnin isolated from Ivy. Planta Med. (2004) june. Pubmed.ncbi.nih.gov.
[7]	Maizanna Hess, KlysztofDziedzic and Elzbieta Gujska (2019). Plant food for human nutrition 74 (3) DOI 10.1007/s1130-019- 00747-5.
[8]	Norman Krinsky (2001). Crotenoid as antioxidants. Jurnal of Nutrition issue 10 pgs 815-817. Hhps: DOI.Org/10.1010/so899-9007(01)00651-7.
[9]	Schimidt E, and Schimidt F W (1963). Determination of serum GOT and GPT activities. Energy biological clinic 3: 1-5.
[10]	Sumioka I, Hayama M, Shimokawa Y, Shiraishi S, Tokunaga A (2006). Lipid lowering effect of monascus garlic fermented extract (MGFE) in hyperlipidaemia subjects. Hiroshima J. Med. Sci. 55 (2): 59.
[11]	Tolman K G, Rej R (1999) Liver function in: Burtis C A, Ashwood E R; editors: Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. PA: WB Saunders company, 1999: 1125-1177.
[12]	Yaugzheng Lu, Xiaolin cui, Chris J and Junna Tang (2022). Functional role of Lipoprotein in atherosclerosis. Aging Disfunction. Apr. 13 (2): 491-520. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. doi 10.14336/AD.2021.0929.
[13]	Libby P, Bornfeldt KE, Tall AR. (2016). Artherosclerosis: success, surprise and future challenges. Circ. Res. 2016; 118 (4): 531 – 534 doi: 1161/circresaha.116308334.
[14]	Matur BM, Egwuonwu KC (2020) Antiplasmodial efficacy, nutritional and medicinal properties of some leafy vegetables consumed by Edo people of Nigeria. Africa journal of Biotechnology 7 (114) 2304 – 2309.
[15]	AL-Hindi B, Nor-Adlin Y, Mariam A, Item JA, Mohd ZA, Majed AM,-- and Mun FY (2019). Safty assessment of the ethanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium leaves: a 90- day oral toxicity study in Spague Dawley rats. BMC Complementary and alternative Medicine, 19: 152.

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Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Samuel Emmanuel, et al. (2023). Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 9(2), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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ACS Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Samuel Emmanuel, et al. Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(2), 18-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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AMA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Samuel Emmanuel, et al. Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2023;9(2):18-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11,
  author = {Uhiara Ngozi Sunday and Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa and Clement Ezeaku Anikezie and Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy and Samuel Emmanuel and Jacob Gabriel Anayo and Uhiara Nkolika Leontina and Yelmi Bitrus},
  title = {Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  abstract = {Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant – rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days’ intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs’ water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7 – 1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters
AU  - Uhiara Ngozi Sunday
AU  - Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa
AU  - Clement Ezeaku Anikezie
AU  - Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy
AU  - Samuel Emmanuel
AU  - Jacob Gabriel Anayo
AU  - Uhiara Nkolika Leontina
AU  - Yelmi Bitrus
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 18
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
AB  - Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant – rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days’ intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs’ water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7 – 1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa

Department of Agricultural Engineering Tech, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Clement Ezeaku Anikezie

Department of Agricultural Engineering Tech, School of Engineering, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Samuel Emmanuel

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Jacob Gabriel Anayo

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Uhiara Nkolika Leontina

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria
Yelmi Bitrus

Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Bauchi, Bauchi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Samuel Emmanuel, et al. (2023). Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 9(2), 18-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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ACS Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday; Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa; Clement Ezeaku Anikezie; Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy; Samuel Emmanuel, et al. Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2023, 9(2), 18-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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AMA Style

Uhiara Ngozi Sunday, Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa, Clement Ezeaku Anikezie, Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy, Samuel Emmanuel, et al. Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2023;9(2):18-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11,
  author = {Uhiara Ngozi Sunday and Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa and Clement Ezeaku Anikezie and Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy and Samuel Emmanuel and Jacob Gabriel Anayo and Uhiara Nkolika Leontina and Yelmi Bitrus},
  title = {Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {2},
  pages = {18-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20230902.11},
  abstract = {Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant – rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days’ intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs’ water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7 – 1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Some Antioxidants (Allicin-AL, Saponin -SN, Carotenes-CN, Euginol, Vitamins C and E) Rich Vegetables on Common Metabolic Lipid Parameters
AU  - Uhiara Ngozi Sunday
AU  - Ohanwe Cyprian Nnanwa
AU  - Clement Ezeaku Anikezie
AU  - Adesanya Oluwatosin Dorothy
AU  - Samuel Emmanuel
AU  - Jacob Gabriel Anayo
AU  - Uhiara Nkolika Leontina
AU  - Yelmi Bitrus
Y1  - 2023/04/11
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 18
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20230902.11
AB  - Attempt at comparing the impact of some antioxidant – rich vegetables (singularly or combinations) on common atherosclerosis lipid parameters. The experiments were conducted in three phases. Phase (A) Five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) fresh (ocimum gratissimum) scent leaf (ii) bitter leafs (vernonia amygdalina) (iii) 2.5ml each of bitter leaf and scent leaf mix; was mixed thoroughly with 100g of normal rat feed. Phase (B) five (5) ml each of aqueous extract of (i) utazi (gongronema latifolium) leafs (ii) aloevera leafs (iii) 2.5g each of utazi and aloe vera mix; was mixed into 100g normal rat feed. The third phase involved 5g each of (i) fresh (docasus carota) carrot (ii) tomato (solanum lycopersicum) (iii) carrot and tomato mix. Each of the nine (9) feed samples (3 from each phase) were separately feed to a set of three albino rats for 21 days; so was 100% (control) rat feed and garlic supplemented (5g crushed garlic, blended with 100g) rat feed. The weights, feed intake and weight of droppings of the rats were recorded at three days’ intervals during experimental feeding. The blood samples of the rats were harvested at the end of the 21 days and lipid analysis carried out on them. The rat feeds supplemented with utazi, nchanwu and aloevera leafs’ water extracts respectively scored 2.7, 3.7 and 2.9mmol/ml respectively regarding total cholesterol; all significantly lower than the normal range of 5.17mmol/ml (p ≤ 0.05). With respect to triglycerides, 1.9, 1.9 and 1.7 respectively scored by Utazi, aloe vera and bitter leaf supplemented feeds were all close to the acceptable range of 0.7 – 1.7Mmol/ml. The combined effect of utazi and Aloe vera on HDL, was significantly lowering (0.5Mmol/ml) compared to 1.5 and 1.6 Mmol/ml of individual Utazi and Aloe vera respectively. The three feed samples (Utazi/aleovera, tomatoe/carrot and bitter leaf/scent leaf) that combined two vegetables rich in same or different antioxidants, all reported lower weight gains with collaborating lower scores in lipid parameters; clue for broad spectrum anti atherosclerosis therapy preparation.
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
ER  -

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