Background: In African countries, rubella is widely under-recognized public health problem, and information on its epidemiology is very limited. In Ethiopia, rubella is not prioritized disease under surveillance and its vaccine has not been introduced into infant vaccination schedule. Rumor of suspected rubella outbreak received on January 26/2018. The purpose of investigation was to establish rumor existence, describe cases epidemiologically, identify causative agent and source of the outbreak to support outbreak control activities. Methods: A1:2 unmatched case-control study conducted at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 3-25/2018. Total of 41 cases and 82 controls included. Controls selected conveniently from same school and data collected using structured questioner. Data analysis done using Epi-info software version7.2.1.0. Result: Total of 41 rubella cases identified. Index case and source of outbreak were not identified. Rubella sample positivity rate was 20%. First case seen on 5th January and last case on 19th February/2018. Most 23 (56.1%) cases were females and 17 (41.46%) among grade 1 and 2 students. Median age of cases was 10 years (IQR=4). Overall attack rate in the school was 1.39% and case fatality rate zero. All cases were complaining rash and 80.49% had fever. Educational status of grade 5-6 and 7-8 had 0.13- and 0.12-time reduced risk of developing rubella disease than grade 1-2 at P-value less than 0.05, respectively. Conclusion: Although index case and source of infection not identified, the outbreak might be driven by contact and sharing transportation service. Late notification causes late investigation and control. Provision of health education at school and community increase people’s awareness on rubella that contribute to control the outbreak.
| Published in | European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11 |
| Page(s) | 53-59 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Rubella Outbreak Investigation, School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2018
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APA Style
Kefyalew Amene Bogale, Tesfahun Abiye Meshesha, Mukemil Hussein Mohammed, Tigist Abera Seyoum, Abiy Girmay. (2021). Rubella Outbreak Investigation at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 7(4), 53-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11
ACS Style
Kefyalew Amene Bogale; Tesfahun Abiye Meshesha; Mukemil Hussein Mohammed; Tigist Abera Seyoum; Abiy Girmay. Rubella Outbreak Investigation at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(4), 53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11
AMA Style
Kefyalew Amene Bogale, Tesfahun Abiye Meshesha, Mukemil Hussein Mohammed, Tigist Abera Seyoum, Abiy Girmay. Rubella Outbreak Investigation at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2021;7(4):53-59. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11,
author = {Kefyalew Amene Bogale and Tesfahun Abiye Meshesha and Mukemil Hussein Mohammed and Tigist Abera Seyoum and Abiy Girmay},
title = {Rubella Outbreak Investigation at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018},
journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {53-59},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20210704.11},
abstract = {Background: In African countries, rubella is widely under-recognized public health problem, and information on its epidemiology is very limited. In Ethiopia, rubella is not prioritized disease under surveillance and its vaccine has not been introduced into infant vaccination schedule. Rumor of suspected rubella outbreak received on January 26/2018. The purpose of investigation was to establish rumor existence, describe cases epidemiologically, identify causative agent and source of the outbreak to support outbreak control activities. Methods: A1:2 unmatched case-control study conducted at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 3-25/2018. Total of 41 cases and 82 controls included. Controls selected conveniently from same school and data collected using structured questioner. Data analysis done using Epi-info software version7.2.1.0. Result: Total of 41 rubella cases identified. Index case and source of outbreak were not identified. Rubella sample positivity rate was 20%. First case seen on 5th January and last case on 19th February/2018. Most 23 (56.1%) cases were females and 17 (41.46%) among grade 1 and 2 students. Median age of cases was 10 years (IQR=4). Overall attack rate in the school was 1.39% and case fatality rate zero. All cases were complaining rash and 80.49% had fever. Educational status of grade 5-6 and 7-8 had 0.13- and 0.12-time reduced risk of developing rubella disease than grade 1-2 at P-value less than 0.05, respectively. Conclusion: Although index case and source of infection not identified, the outbreak might be driven by contact and sharing transportation service. Late notification causes late investigation and control. Provision of health education at school and community increase people’s awareness on rubella that contribute to control the outbreak.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Rubella Outbreak Investigation at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 2018 AU - Kefyalew Amene Bogale AU - Tesfahun Abiye Meshesha AU - Mukemil Hussein Mohammed AU - Tigist Abera Seyoum AU - Abiy Girmay Y1 - 2021/07/22 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11 T2 - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences JF - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences JO - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences SP - 53 EP - 59 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5005 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210704.11 AB - Background: In African countries, rubella is widely under-recognized public health problem, and information on its epidemiology is very limited. In Ethiopia, rubella is not prioritized disease under surveillance and its vaccine has not been introduced into infant vaccination schedule. Rumor of suspected rubella outbreak received on January 26/2018. The purpose of investigation was to establish rumor existence, describe cases epidemiologically, identify causative agent and source of the outbreak to support outbreak control activities. Methods: A1:2 unmatched case-control study conducted at General Tadesse Biru Primary School, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from February 3-25/2018. Total of 41 cases and 82 controls included. Controls selected conveniently from same school and data collected using structured questioner. Data analysis done using Epi-info software version7.2.1.0. Result: Total of 41 rubella cases identified. Index case and source of outbreak were not identified. Rubella sample positivity rate was 20%. First case seen on 5th January and last case on 19th February/2018. Most 23 (56.1%) cases were females and 17 (41.46%) among grade 1 and 2 students. Median age of cases was 10 years (IQR=4). Overall attack rate in the school was 1.39% and case fatality rate zero. All cases were complaining rash and 80.49% had fever. Educational status of grade 5-6 and 7-8 had 0.13- and 0.12-time reduced risk of developing rubella disease than grade 1-2 at P-value less than 0.05, respectively. Conclusion: Although index case and source of infection not identified, the outbreak might be driven by contact and sharing transportation service. Late notification causes late investigation and control. Provision of health education at school and community increase people’s awareness on rubella that contribute to control the outbreak. VL - 7 IS - 4 ER -
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