Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats

Chima Innocent Ugbor; Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka; Charles Ikechukwu Ezema; Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu; Benson Eihebholoria Omijie; Solomon Nwanze Ekoh; Basil Nnaemeka Obodo; Kenneth Emeka Udeme

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats

Chima Innocent Ugbor, Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka, Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu, Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, Solomon Nwanze Ekoh, Basil Nnaemeka Obodo, Kenneth Emeka Udeme

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)

Received: 28 August 2020 Accepted: 13 October 2020 Published: 22 March 2021

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Abstract

In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
Page(s)	21-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Tobacco Snuff, Additives, Weight Changes, Physical Observations, Rat

References

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Chima Innocent Ugbor, Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka, Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu, Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. (2021). Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 7(2), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Chima Innocent Ugbor; Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka; Charles Ikechukwu Ezema; Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu; Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(2), 21-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Chima Innocent Ugbor, Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka, Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu, Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2021;7(2):21-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11,
  author = {Chima Innocent Ugbor and Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka and Charles Ikechukwu Ezema and Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu and Benson Eihebholoria Omijie and Solomon Nwanze Ekoh and Basil Nnaemeka Obodo and Kenneth Emeka Udeme},
  title = {Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {21-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  abstract = {In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats
AU  - Chima Innocent Ugbor
AU  - Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka
AU  - Charles Ikechukwu Ezema
AU  - Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu
AU  - Benson Eihebholoria Omijie
AU  - Solomon Nwanze Ekoh
AU  - Basil Nnaemeka Obodo
AU  - Kenneth Emeka Udeme
Y1  - 2021/03/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 21
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
AB  - In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Chima Innocent Ugbor

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Charles Ikechukwu Ezema

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu

Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
Benson Eihebholoria Omijie

Department of Chemical Pathology, Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria
Solomon Nwanze Ekoh

Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Laboratory services, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
Basil Nnaemeka Obodo

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria
Kenneth Emeka Udeme

National Obstetric Fistula Center, Abakaliki, Nigeria

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APA Style

Chima Innocent Ugbor, Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka, Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu, Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. (2021). Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 7(2), 21-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

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ACS Style

Chima Innocent Ugbor; Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka; Charles Ikechukwu Ezema; Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu; Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2021, 7(2), 21-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

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AMA Style

Chima Innocent Ugbor, Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka, Charles Ikechukwu Ezema, Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu, Benson Eihebholoria Omijie, et al. Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2021;7(2):21-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11,
  author = {Chima Innocent Ugbor and Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka and Charles Ikechukwu Ezema and Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu and Benson Eihebholoria Omijie and Solomon Nwanze Ekoh and Basil Nnaemeka Obodo and Kenneth Emeka Udeme},
  title = {Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {2},
  pages = {21-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20210702.11},
  abstract = {In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Tobacco Snuff Induced Comparative Weight Changes and Notable Physical Observations in Adults Albino Wistar Rats
AU  - Chima Innocent Ugbor
AU  - Chidiebere Cyprian Vitus Eloka
AU  - Charles Ikechukwu Ezema
AU  - Uchechukwu Anthonia Ezeugwu
AU  - Benson Eihebholoria Omijie
AU  - Solomon Nwanze Ekoh
AU  - Basil Nnaemeka Obodo
AU  - Kenneth Emeka Udeme
Y1  - 2021/03/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 21
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20210702.11
AB  - In Nigeria, tobacco snuff is the powdered form of smokeless tobacco blended with potash as its main additive. It has been discovered to have several adverse health effects, though perceived by many as safe. In this eight-week study, the effect of tobacco snuff consumption on body weight, physical observation and growth performance of Wistar rats were investigated. This study involved (42) Adult Wistar rats weighing 150-300g. They were divided into groups of tests and control, group A serving as control, while groups B, C and D of 12 Wister rats each served as the test groups. The test groups were further divided into subgroups (1, 2, 3 and 4) representing four experimental phases of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks respectively. The rats were fed with varying doses of tobacco snuff, while the control group (A) received feed pallets and water ad libitum. Throughout the study, serial physical and behavioural changes of the rats were recorded as well as the body weights of the rats before sacrifice. Results showed statistically significant weight changes in the test groups throughout the study period as compared with the control. On growth performance, there was an average daily growths increase in the control but decreased in the test groups in a dosage and duration dependent manner. Our findings however, indicate that tobacco snuff has the potentials of body weight reduction and could induce severe growth retardation with adversities.
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
ER  -

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