Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice

Nagi Ali Ibrahim; Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam; Yasser Ashry Khadrawy; Amal Mohamed Hashem; Eman Mohamed Sameer

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice

Nagi Ali Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Yasser Ashry Khadrawy, Amal Mohamed Hashem, Eman Mohamed Sameer

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 15 April 2017 Accepted: 20 May 2017 Published: 4 July 2017

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Abstract

The nigrostriatal pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease, leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. This study aimed at evaluating the protective role of two anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C against biochemical disturbances, brain damage and motor impairment in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Animals were divided into 7 groups. 1 ^st received the vehicle (DEMSO); 2^nd received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg); 3^rd received rotenone then were left for two weeks recovery; 4th rotenone + indomethacin (10 mg/kg); 5th received rotenone + indomethacin in combination with vitamin C (25 mg/kg). 6^th received rotenone + nimesulide (10 mg/kg); group 7 received rotenone + nimesulide in combination with vitamin C. All treatments were given subcutaneously three times per week for one month. Rotenone treatment caused significant Increases in brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), but induced significant decreases in brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. These changes lasted for two weeks after the termination of rotenone treatment. Histologically, Rotenone caused degeneration of neurons in striatum, cellular infiltration, atrophy, pyknosis, necrosis, as well as focal gliosis in cerebral cortex and pyknosis of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused a significant impairment in the motor function of the mice (stair test). Co-administration of indomethacin or nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C to rotenone treated mice resulted in alleviation of biochemical and motor activity but not the histological disturbances caused by rotenone treatment alone.

Published in	European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
Page(s)	67-79
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Parkinson's Disease, Substantia Nigra, Striatum, Nigrostriatal, Rotenone, Indomethacin, Nimesulide

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Nagi Ali Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Yasser Ashry Khadrawy, Amal Mohamed Hashem, Eman Mohamed Sameer. (2017). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 3(4), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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Nagi Ali Ibrahim; Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam; Yasser Ashry Khadrawy; Amal Mohamed Hashem; Eman Mohamed Sameer. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2017, 3(4), 67-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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Nagi Ali Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Yasser Ashry Khadrawy, Amal Mohamed Hashem, Eman Mohamed Sameer. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2017;3(4):67-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11,
  author = {Nagi Ali Ibrahim and Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam and Yasser Ashry Khadrawy and Amal Mohamed Hashem and Eman Mohamed Sameer},
  title = {Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  abstract = {The nigrostriatal pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease, leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. This study aimed at evaluating the protective role of two anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C against biochemical disturbances, brain damage and motor impairment in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Animals were divided into 7 groups. 1 st received the vehicle (DEMSO); 2nd received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg); 3rd received rotenone then were left for two weeks recovery; 4th rotenone + indomethacin (10 mg/kg); 5th received rotenone + indomethacin in combination with vitamin C (25 mg/kg). 6th received rotenone + nimesulide (10 mg/kg); group 7 received rotenone + nimesulide in combination with vitamin C. All treatments were given subcutaneously three times per week for one month. Rotenone treatment caused significant Increases in brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), but induced significant decreases in brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. These changes lasted for two weeks after the termination of rotenone treatment. Histologically, Rotenone caused degeneration of neurons in striatum, cellular infiltration, atrophy, pyknosis, necrosis, as well as focal gliosis in cerebral cortex and pyknosis of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused a significant impairment in the motor function of the mice (stair test). Co-administration of indomethacin or nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C to rotenone treated mice resulted in alleviation of biochemical and motor activity but not the histological disturbances caused by rotenone treatment alone.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice
AU  - Nagi Ali Ibrahim
AU  - Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam
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AU  - Eman Mohamed Sameer
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DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
AB  - The nigrostriatal pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease, leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. This study aimed at evaluating the protective role of two anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C against biochemical disturbances, brain damage and motor impairment in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Animals were divided into 7 groups. 1 st received the vehicle (DEMSO); 2nd received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg); 3rd received rotenone then were left for two weeks recovery; 4th rotenone + indomethacin (10 mg/kg); 5th received rotenone + indomethacin in combination with vitamin C (25 mg/kg). 6th received rotenone + nimesulide (10 mg/kg); group 7 received rotenone + nimesulide in combination with vitamin C. All treatments were given subcutaneously three times per week for one month. Rotenone treatment caused significant Increases in brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), but induced significant decreases in brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. These changes lasted for two weeks after the termination of rotenone treatment. Histologically, Rotenone caused degeneration of neurons in striatum, cellular infiltration, atrophy, pyknosis, necrosis, as well as focal gliosis in cerebral cortex and pyknosis of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused a significant impairment in the motor function of the mice (stair test). Co-administration of indomethacin or nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C to rotenone treated mice resulted in alleviation of biochemical and motor activity but not the histological disturbances caused by rotenone treatment alone.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Nagi Ali Ibrahim

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam

Department of Toxicology and Narcotics, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Yasser Ashry Khadrawy

Department of Medical Physiology, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Amal Mohamed Hashem

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Eman Mohamed Sameer

Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

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Nagi Ali Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Yasser Ashry Khadrawy, Amal Mohamed Hashem, Eman Mohamed Sameer. (2017). Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 3(4), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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ACS Style

Nagi Ali Ibrahim; Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam; Yasser Ashry Khadrawy; Amal Mohamed Hashem; Eman Mohamed Sameer. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2017, 3(4), 67-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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AMA Style

Nagi Ali Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam, Yasser Ashry Khadrawy, Amal Mohamed Hashem, Eman Mohamed Sameer. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2017;3(4):67-79. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11,
  author = {Nagi Ali Ibrahim and Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam and Yasser Ashry Khadrawy and Amal Mohamed Hashem and Eman Mohamed Sameer},
  title = {Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice},
  journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {67-79},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20170304.11},
  abstract = {The nigrostriatal pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease, leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. This study aimed at evaluating the protective role of two anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C against biochemical disturbances, brain damage and motor impairment in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Animals were divided into 7 groups. 1 st received the vehicle (DEMSO); 2nd received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg); 3rd received rotenone then were left for two weeks recovery; 4th rotenone + indomethacin (10 mg/kg); 5th received rotenone + indomethacin in combination with vitamin C (25 mg/kg). 6th received rotenone + nimesulide (10 mg/kg); group 7 received rotenone + nimesulide in combination with vitamin C. All treatments were given subcutaneously three times per week for one month. Rotenone treatment caused significant Increases in brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), but induced significant decreases in brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. These changes lasted for two weeks after the termination of rotenone treatment. Histologically, Rotenone caused degeneration of neurons in striatum, cellular infiltration, atrophy, pyknosis, necrosis, as well as focal gliosis in cerebral cortex and pyknosis of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused a significant impairment in the motor function of the mice (stair test). Co-administration of indomethacin or nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C to rotenone treated mice resulted in alleviation of biochemical and motor activity but not the histological disturbances caused by rotenone treatment alone.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Vitamin C in the Rotenone Induced Nigrostriatal Damage in Mice
AU  - Nagi Ali Ibrahim
AU  - Omar Mohamed Abdel-Salam
AU  - Yasser Ashry Khadrawy
AU  - Amal Mohamed Hashem
AU  - Eman Mohamed Sameer
Y1  - 2017/07/04
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
SP  - 67
EP  - 79
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5005
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20170304.11
AB  - The nigrostriatal pathway is a dopaminergic pathway that connects the substantia nigra with the dorsal striatum. Loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra is one of the main pathological features of Parkinson's disease, leading to a marked reduction in dopamine function in this pathway. This study aimed at evaluating the protective role of two anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C against biochemical disturbances, brain damage and motor impairment in rotenone-induced mice model of Parkinson's disease. Animals were divided into 7 groups. 1 st received the vehicle (DEMSO); 2nd received rotenone (1.5 mg/kg); 3rd received rotenone then were left for two weeks recovery; 4th rotenone + indomethacin (10 mg/kg); 5th received rotenone + indomethacin in combination with vitamin C (25 mg/kg). 6th received rotenone + nimesulide (10 mg/kg); group 7 received rotenone + nimesulide in combination with vitamin C. All treatments were given subcutaneously three times per week for one month. Rotenone treatment caused significant Increases in brain malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), but induced significant decreases in brain reduced glutathione (GSH) level, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) levels. These changes lasted for two weeks after the termination of rotenone treatment. Histologically, Rotenone caused degeneration of neurons in striatum, cellular infiltration, atrophy, pyknosis, necrosis, as well as focal gliosis in cerebral cortex and pyknosis of pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, rotenone treatment caused a significant impairment in the motor function of the mice (stair test). Co-administration of indomethacin or nimesulide separately or in combination with vitamin C to rotenone treated mice resulted in alleviation of biochemical and motor activity but not the histological disturbances caused by rotenone treatment alone.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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