Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts

Coelette Smit; Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow; Sharan Naidoo; Steve Olorunju

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts

Coelette Smit, Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow, Sharan Naidoo, Steve Olorunju

Published in Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 3, Issue 3)

Received: 13 May 2019 Accepted: 18 June 2019 Published: 23 July 2019

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Abstract

Context: The concept “epigenetics” highlights that environmental factors are able to trigger changes in gene activity. This confounds the search for aetiological factors of syndromic oro-facial clefts as it interplays between genetics and environmental stimulation. Subjects and Methods: The study makes use of a database of syndromic cleft patients over 33 years at the Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria. The ten most common clefting syndromes (Fairbairn-Robin triad, Demarque van der Woude syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, Naso-maxillo-acro dysostosis (Binder’s syndrome), Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome), P63 Mutation associated clefting disorders, Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome), Oro-Facial Digital syndromes) were included amounting to 517 patients. The nine most common maternal risk factors (Unknown Infection, Viral Infection, HIV, Medication, Smoking, Alcohol, Oligohydramnios, Vitamins, Hormones) were included totaling 398. Results: Fairbairn-Robin triad had a significant correlation with oligohydramnios, infection and medication. Demarque-van der Woude syndrome presented with a significant contribution from medication and Holoprosencephaly showed a significant correlation with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: based on the results of this study Fairbairn-Robin triad appears to have a strong environmental component to the presentation thereof. Demarque-van der Woude was indicated to having a genetic-environmental interplay contributing to the presentation of the syndrome.

Published in	Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
Page(s)	58-65
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Syndromic Oro-facial Clefts, Epigenetics, Maternal Risk Factors

References

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APA Style

Coelette Smit, Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow, Sharan Naidoo, Steve Olorunju. (2019). Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 3(3), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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ACS Style

Coelette Smit; Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow; Sharan Naidoo; Steve Olorunju. Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2019, 3(3), 58-65. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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AMA Style

Coelette Smit, Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow, Sharan Naidoo, Steve Olorunju. Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2019;3(3):58-65. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11,
  author = {Coelette Smit and Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow and Sharan Naidoo and Steve Olorunju},
  title = {Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts},
  journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {58-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20190303.11},
  abstract = {Context: The concept “epigenetics” highlights that environmental factors are able to trigger changes in gene activity. This confounds the search for aetiological factors of syndromic oro-facial clefts as it interplays between genetics and environmental stimulation. Subjects and Methods: The study makes use of a database of syndromic cleft patients over 33 years at the Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria. The ten most common clefting syndromes (Fairbairn-Robin triad, Demarque van der Woude syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, Naso-maxillo-acro dysostosis (Binder’s syndrome), Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome), P63 Mutation associated clefting disorders, Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome), Oro-Facial Digital syndromes) were included amounting to 517 patients. The nine most common maternal risk factors (Unknown Infection, Viral Infection, HIV, Medication, Smoking, Alcohol, Oligohydramnios, Vitamins, Hormones) were included totaling 398. Results: Fairbairn-Robin triad had a significant correlation with oligohydramnios, infection and medication. Demarque-van der Woude syndrome presented with a significant contribution from medication and Holoprosencephaly showed a significant correlation with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: based on the results of this study Fairbairn-Robin triad appears to have a strong environmental component to the presentation thereof. Demarque-van der Woude was indicated to having a genetic-environmental interplay contributing to the presentation of the syndrome.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts
AU  - Coelette Smit
AU  - Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow
AU  - Sharan Naidoo
AU  - Steve Olorunju
Y1  - 2019/07/23
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
T2  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JF  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JO  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8930
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
AB  - Context: The concept “epigenetics” highlights that environmental factors are able to trigger changes in gene activity. This confounds the search for aetiological factors of syndromic oro-facial clefts as it interplays between genetics and environmental stimulation. Subjects and Methods: The study makes use of a database of syndromic cleft patients over 33 years at the Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria. The ten most common clefting syndromes (Fairbairn-Robin triad, Demarque van der Woude syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, Naso-maxillo-acro dysostosis (Binder’s syndrome), Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome), P63 Mutation associated clefting disorders, Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome), Oro-Facial Digital syndromes) were included amounting to 517 patients. The nine most common maternal risk factors (Unknown Infection, Viral Infection, HIV, Medication, Smoking, Alcohol, Oligohydramnios, Vitamins, Hormones) were included totaling 398. Results: Fairbairn-Robin triad had a significant correlation with oligohydramnios, infection and medication. Demarque-van der Woude syndrome presented with a significant contribution from medication and Holoprosencephaly showed a significant correlation with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: based on the results of this study Fairbairn-Robin triad appears to have a strong environmental component to the presentation thereof. Demarque-van der Woude was indicated to having a genetic-environmental interplay contributing to the presentation of the syndrome.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Coelette Smit

Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow

Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Sharan Naidoo

Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Steve Olorunju

Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa

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Coelette Smit, Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow, Sharan Naidoo, Steve Olorunju. (2019). Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 3(3), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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ACS Style

Coelette Smit; Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow; Sharan Naidoo; Steve Olorunju. Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2019, 3(3), 58-65. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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AMA Style

Coelette Smit, Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow, Sharan Naidoo, Steve Olorunju. Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2019;3(3):58-65. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11,
  author = {Coelette Smit and Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow and Sharan Naidoo and Steve Olorunju},
  title = {Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts},
  journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
  volume = {3},
  number = {3},
  pages = {58-65},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20190303.11},
  abstract = {Context: The concept “epigenetics” highlights that environmental factors are able to trigger changes in gene activity. This confounds the search for aetiological factors of syndromic oro-facial clefts as it interplays between genetics and environmental stimulation. Subjects and Methods: The study makes use of a database of syndromic cleft patients over 33 years at the Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria. The ten most common clefting syndromes (Fairbairn-Robin triad, Demarque van der Woude syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, Naso-maxillo-acro dysostosis (Binder’s syndrome), Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome), P63 Mutation associated clefting disorders, Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome), Oro-Facial Digital syndromes) were included amounting to 517 patients. The nine most common maternal risk factors (Unknown Infection, Viral Infection, HIV, Medication, Smoking, Alcohol, Oligohydramnios, Vitamins, Hormones) were included totaling 398. Results: Fairbairn-Robin triad had a significant correlation with oligohydramnios, infection and medication. Demarque-van der Woude syndrome presented with a significant contribution from medication and Holoprosencephaly showed a significant correlation with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: based on the results of this study Fairbairn-Robin triad appears to have a strong environmental component to the presentation thereof. Demarque-van der Woude was indicated to having a genetic-environmental interplay contributing to the presentation of the syndrome.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Identification of Possible Maternal Risk Factors for Development of Syndromic Oro-Facial Clefts
AU  - Coelette Smit
AU  - Kurt-Wilhelm Bütow
AU  - Sharan Naidoo
AU  - Steve Olorunju
Y1  - 2019/07/23
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
T2  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JF  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JO  - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-8930
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20190303.11
AB  - Context: The concept “epigenetics” highlights that environmental factors are able to trigger changes in gene activity. This confounds the search for aetiological factors of syndromic oro-facial clefts as it interplays between genetics and environmental stimulation. Subjects and Methods: The study makes use of a database of syndromic cleft patients over 33 years at the Department of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery at the University of Pretoria. The ten most common clefting syndromes (Fairbairn-Robin triad, Demarque van der Woude syndrome, Holoprosencephaly, Naso-maxillo-acro dysostosis (Binder’s syndrome), Goldenhar syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, Trisomy 13 (Patau’s syndrome), P63 Mutation associated clefting disorders, Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome), Oro-Facial Digital syndromes) were included amounting to 517 patients. The nine most common maternal risk factors (Unknown Infection, Viral Infection, HIV, Medication, Smoking, Alcohol, Oligohydramnios, Vitamins, Hormones) were included totaling 398. Results: Fairbairn-Robin triad had a significant correlation with oligohydramnios, infection and medication. Demarque-van der Woude syndrome presented with a significant contribution from medication and Holoprosencephaly showed a significant correlation with vitamin supplementation. Conclusion: based on the results of this study Fairbairn-Robin triad appears to have a strong environmental component to the presentation thereof. Demarque-van der Woude was indicated to having a genetic-environmental interplay contributing to the presentation of the syndrome.
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
ER  -

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