Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 7 August 2023 Accepted: 22 August 2023 Published: 8 September 2023

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The field experiment was done at Jimma Zone during 2017 to 2019 main cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138, and 161 N kg ha^-1) and four plant densities 66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62,500 plants h^-1(80*40cm two plants per hill) laid down in a randomized complete block design with 5x4 factorial arrangements using three replications. The maize variety BH546 (medium maturing variety) was used. The ANOVA data analysis indicated that all collected parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of N fertilizer rates and plant densities, but did not by interaction. The highest grain and above ground biomass yield (7580, 13990kg ha^-1) respectively were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate (161 kg ha^-1). Also the highest plant population density of 66,666 plants h^-1 (75*20 cm) gave the highest grain yield (7520 kg ha^-1) and above ground biomass (14140 kgha^-1). The grain yield was significantly increased from 6601 to 7580kg ha-¹ which means increased by 13.07 and 11.94% over the lowest 69 N kg ha^-1 rate and 92 N kg ha^-1(Optimum N recommended rate) respectively. Application of 115 N kg ha^-1 fertilizer rate and using plant population density of 53,333 plants ha^-1(75*25cm) gave the highest net benefit of 48,279 ETB ha^-1 and 52,394.40 ETB ha^-1 respectively. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that 92 N kg ha^-1 fertilizer rate and plant population of 53,333 plants ha^-1(75*25cm) gave the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) 205.75% and 738.57% respectively and more profitable under unstable market situations. Therefore, application of 92 kg N ha-¹ fertilizer rate with plant population density of 53,333 plants ha^-1(75*25cm) is recommended at Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.

Published in	American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
Page(s)	36-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

BH546, Maize, Nitrogen, Plant Population Density and Phosphorous

References

[1]	Qian, C., Yu, Y., Gong, X., Jiang, Y., Zhao, Y., Yang, Z., Hao, Y., Li, L., Song, Z. and Zhang, W. 2016. The response of grain yield to plant density and nitrogen rate in spring maize hybrids released from 1970 to 2010 in Northeast China. The Crop Journal, 4 (6), pp. 459-467.
[2]	Shrestha, J. 2013. Effect of nitrogen and plant population o n flowering and grain yield of winter maize. Sky J Agric Res, 2 (5), pp. 64-68.
[3]	Farnia, A., Mansouri, M., Farnia, A. and Branch, B. 2015. Study on Morphological Characteristics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars under Different Plant Densities.
[4]	Jackson 1973. Estimation of phosphorus content: Soil chemical analysis. New Delhi (India): Printer Hall.
[5]	Bremner, 1996. "Nitrogen-total," Methods of Soil Analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, vol. 5, pp. 1085-1121.
[6]	Olsen, S. R., Cole, C. V., Watanabe, F. S. and Dean, L. A. (1954). Estimation of available phosphorus in soilby extraction with sodium bicarbonate. USDA circular 939. 1-19p.
[7]	CIMMYT. 1988. From Agronomic Data to Farmer Recommendations: An Economic Traning Manual. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre, Mexico, D. F. p. 79.
[8]	Shah, H., Sharif, M., Majid, A., Hayat, U. and Munawar, A. 2009. From experimental data to farmer recommendation: an economic analysis of the on-farm trial of UMMB feed for milking animals in rain-fed Pothwar, Pakistan. Livestock Research and Rural Development 21 (8): 1-8.
[9]	Begizew Golla, Muhidin Biya, Lemi Yadessa, 2019. Effect of Plant Density and NitrogenFertilizer Rate on Grain Yield of Late Maturing Maize Hybrid BH661. Vol. 7 (7), pp. 577-588.
[10]	Sisay Gurmu, Muhidin Biya and EshetuYadete (2020). Effect of NP Fertilizer Rates and Plant Population Density on Late Maturing Maize Variety at Jimma and Buno-Bedele Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 10 (6), 2020.
[11]	Obi, I. U., 1999. Effect of nitrogen Rates and Intra –Row Spacing on Local maize (Zea mays) in southern Guinea Savannah Zone of Nigeria. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 5: 147-152.
[12]	Kim, S. K., 1997. Achievement, challenges and future direction of hybrid maize research and product in B. Badu Apraku, Akoroda M. O., Oedraw M. and Quin F. M (eds). Proceedings of Required Maize Workshop May 99-June 2, 1995. IITA Cotonou, Benin Republic.
[13]	Udoh, J., 2005. Crop Production Techniques for the Tropics Concept Publications Limited, Munshin, Lagos Nigeria, 101-106.
[14]	Tariku Beyene, ToleraAbera and Ermiyias Habte, 2018. Effect of Integrated Nutrient an agreement on Growth and Yield of Food Barley (Hordeumulgare) Variety in Toke Kutaye District, West Showa Zone, Ethiopia.
[15]	Bekele, H. 2000. Integrated nutrient management in irrigated wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). MSc Thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharward, India.
[16]	Saha, H. M., Gacheru, E. N., Kamau, GM., O’Neill, M. K. and. Ransom, J. K. 1994. Effect of nitrogen and plant density on the performance of Pwani hybrid maize. African Crop Science Journal 2: 63-67.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. (2023). Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 11(3), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete. Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2023, 11(3), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2023;11(3):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12,
  author = {Sisay Gurmu and Eshetu Yadete},
  title = {Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20231103.12},
  abstract = {The field experiment was done at Jimma Zone during 2017 to 2019 main cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138, and 161 N kg ha-1) and four plant densities 66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62,500 plants h-1 (80*40cm two plants per hill) laid down in a randomized complete block design with 5x4 factorial arrangements using three replications. The maize variety BH546 (medium maturing variety) was used. The ANOVA data analysis indicated that all collected parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of N fertilizer rates and plant densities, but did not by interaction. The highest grain and above ground biomass yield (7580, 13990kg ha-1) respectively were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate (161 kg ha-1). Also the highest plant population density of 66,666 plants h-1 (75*20 cm) gave the highest grain yield (7520 kg ha-1) and above ground biomass (14140 kgha-1). The grain yield was significantly increased from 6601 to 7580kg ha-1 which means increased by 13.07 and 11.94% over the lowest 69 N kg ha-1 rate and 92 N kg ha-1 (Optimum N recommended rate) respectively. Application of 115 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and using plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest net benefit of 48,279 ETB ha-1 and 52,394.40 ETB ha-1 respectively. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that 92 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and plant population of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) 205.75% and 738.57% respectively and more profitable under unstable market situations. Therefore, application of 92 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) is recommended at Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
AU  - Sisay Gurmu
AU  - Eshetu Yadete
Y1  - 2023/09/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 36
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
AB  - The field experiment was done at Jimma Zone during 2017 to 2019 main cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138, and 161 N kg ha-1) and four plant densities 66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62,500 plants h-1 (80*40cm two plants per hill) laid down in a randomized complete block design with 5x4 factorial arrangements using three replications. The maize variety BH546 (medium maturing variety) was used. The ANOVA data analysis indicated that all collected parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of N fertilizer rates and plant densities, but did not by interaction. The highest grain and above ground biomass yield (7580, 13990kg ha-1) respectively were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate (161 kg ha-1). Also the highest plant population density of 66,666 plants h-1 (75*20 cm) gave the highest grain yield (7520 kg ha-1) and above ground biomass (14140 kgha-1). The grain yield was significantly increased from 6601 to 7580kg ha-1 which means increased by 13.07 and 11.94% over the lowest 69 N kg ha-1 rate and 92 N kg ha-1 (Optimum N recommended rate) respectively. Application of 115 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and using plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest net benefit of 48,279 ETB ha-1 and 52,394.40 ETB ha-1 respectively. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that 92 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and plant population of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) 205.75% and 738.57% respectively and more profitable under unstable market situations. Therefore, application of 92 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) is recommended at Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Sisay Gurmu

Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
Eshetu Yadete

Department of Agronomy and Crop Physiology, Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. (2023). Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 11(3), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Sisay Gurmu; Eshetu Yadete. Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2023, 11(3), 36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Sisay Gurmu, Eshetu Yadete. Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2023;11(3):36-41. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12,
  author = {Sisay Gurmu and Eshetu Yadete},
  title = {Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {36-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20231103.12},
  abstract = {The field experiment was done at Jimma Zone during 2017 to 2019 main cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138, and 161 N kg ha-1) and four plant densities 66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62,500 plants h-1 (80*40cm two plants per hill) laid down in a randomized complete block design with 5x4 factorial arrangements using three replications. The maize variety BH546 (medium maturing variety) was used. The ANOVA data analysis indicated that all collected parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of N fertilizer rates and plant densities, but did not by interaction. The highest grain and above ground biomass yield (7580, 13990kg ha-1) respectively were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate (161 kg ha-1). Also the highest plant population density of 66,666 plants h-1 (75*20 cm) gave the highest grain yield (7520 kg ha-1) and above ground biomass (14140 kgha-1). The grain yield was significantly increased from 6601 to 7580kg ha-1 which means increased by 13.07 and 11.94% over the lowest 69 N kg ha-1 rate and 92 N kg ha-1 (Optimum N recommended rate) respectively. Application of 115 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and using plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest net benefit of 48,279 ETB ha-1 and 52,394.40 ETB ha-1 respectively. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that 92 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and plant population of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) 205.75% and 738.57% respectively and more profitable under unstable market situations. Therefore, application of 92 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) is recommended at Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Response of Maize Variety to Nitrogen and Plant Population Density in Jimma Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia
AU  - Sisay Gurmu
AU  - Eshetu Yadete
Y1  - 2023/09/08
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 36
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20231103.12
AB  - The field experiment was done at Jimma Zone during 2017 to 2019 main cropping seasons. The treatments consisted of factorial combinations of five Nitrogen fertilizer rates (69, 92, 115, 138, and 161 N kg ha-1) and four plant densities 66,666 (75*20cm), 53,333 (75*25cm), 44,444 (75*30cm) and 62,500 plants h-1 (80*40cm two plants per hill) laid down in a randomized complete block design with 5x4 factorial arrangements using three replications. The maize variety BH546 (medium maturing variety) was used. The ANOVA data analysis indicated that all collected parameters were significantly affected by the main effect of N fertilizer rates and plant densities, but did not by interaction. The highest grain and above ground biomass yield (7580, 13990kg ha-1) respectively were obtained from the highest N fertilizer rate (161 kg ha-1). Also the highest plant population density of 66,666 plants h-1 (75*20 cm) gave the highest grain yield (7520 kg ha-1) and above ground biomass (14140 kgha-1). The grain yield was significantly increased from 6601 to 7580kg ha-1 which means increased by 13.07 and 11.94% over the lowest 69 N kg ha-1 rate and 92 N kg ha-1 (Optimum N recommended rate) respectively. Application of 115 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and using plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest net benefit of 48,279 ETB ha-1 and 52,394.40 ETB ha-1 respectively. In conclusion, sensitivity analysis on coexisting changes in field prices of inputs and maize grain (±15%) showed that 92 N kg ha-1 fertilizer rate and plant population of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) gave the highest marginal rate of return (MRR) 205.75% and 738.57% respectively and more profitable under unstable market situations. Therefore, application of 92 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate with plant population density of 53,333 plants ha-1 (75*25cm) is recommended at Jimma zone and other similar agro-ecologies of southwestern Ethiopia.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download