Evaluation of German Cockroach, <i>Blattella germanica</i> from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination

Ekong Mercy Okon; Tarh Jacqueline Ebob; Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination

Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 8, Issue 3)

Received: 14 February 2020 Accepted: 28 February 2020 Published: 20 June 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.

Published in	American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 8, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
Page(s)	41-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cockroach, External Body Surface, Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), Latrines, Living Houses, E. coli, Klebsiella and Bacillus Species

References

[1]	Mohs, K, McGee, I (2007). Animal Planet: the most extreme bugs (Ist Edition), John Wiley and Sons. P. 35.
[2]	Hassan, N (2010). An Overview of German cockroach, Blattella germanica, Studies Conducted in Iran. Pakistan. Journal of Biological Sciences. 13 (22): 1077-1084.
[3]	Taha, M., Fatima, M., Souad, EI- h., Samir, T., Rochdi, M., and Haroun, C (2014). Bacterial load of German cockroach (Blattella germanica) found in hospital environment. Pathology Global Health. 108 (3): 141–147.
[4]	Isaac, C., Orue, P. O., Inyamu, M. I., Ehiaghe, J. I., and Isaac, O. (2014). Comparative Analysis of Pathogenic Organisms in Cockroaches from Different Community Settings in Edo State, Nigeria, Korean J. of Parasitology. 52 (2): 177–181.
[5]	Fakoorziba, M. R., Eghbal, F., Hassanzadeh, J., Moemenbellah-Fard, M. D. (2010). Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica) as potential vectors of the pathogenic bacteria found in nosocomial infections. Annual Tropical Medical Parasitology. 104 (6): 521-8.
[6]	Tatfeng, Y. M., Usuanlele, M. U., Orukpe, A., Digban, A. K., Okodua, M., Oviasogie, F., Turay, A. A. (2005). Mechanical transmission of pathogenic organisms: the role of cockroaches. J. Vector Borne Diseases. 42 (4): 129-34.
[7]	Salehzadeh, A., Tavacol, P., Mahjub, H. (2007). Bacterial, fungal and parasitic contamination of cockroaches in public hospitals of Hamadan, Iran. Journal Vector Borne Diseases. 44 (2): 105-10.
[8]	Vila, J. E., Sáez-López, J. R., Johnson, U., Römling, U., Dobrindt, R., Cantón, C. G., Giske, T., Naas, A. (2016). Carattoli M, Martínez M. Escherichia coli: an old friend with new tidings, FEMS Microbiol. Reviews, 40 (4) 437– 463.
[9]	Michelle, K., Paczosa, J. M. (2016). Klebsiella pneumoniae: Going on the Offense with a Strong Defense. Microbiol. and Molecul. Biology Review. 00078-15.
[10]	Mpuchane, S., Allorey, J., Marsheka, I., Simpanya, M., Coetzee, S., Jordaan, A., Mrema, N.. and Gashe, B. A. (2006). Carriage of Microorganisms by domestic cockroaches and implications on food safety. AJFAND. 26 (3) 166-175.
[11]	Feleke, M., Setegn, E., Mengistu, E., Kahsay, H., Dagnachew, M., Tigist, F., Fisha, G. S., Getenet, A., and Raja, N. (2016). Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia. Biomedical Research International. 2825056.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. (2020). Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 8(3), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ekong Mercy Okon; Tarh Jacqueline Ebob; Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2020, 8(3), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2020;8(3):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12,
  author = {Ekong Mercy Okon and Tarh Jacqueline Ebob and Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma},
  title = {Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20200803.12},
  abstract = {Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination
AU - Ekong Mercy Okon
AU - Tarh Jacqueline Ebob
AU - Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma
Y1 - 2020/06/20
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
DO - 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
T2 - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP - 41
EP - 45
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-5893
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12
AB - Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.
VL - 8
IS - 3
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Ekong Mercy Okon

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
Tarh Jacqueline Ebob

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria
Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. (2020). Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 8(3), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Ekong Mercy Okon; Tarh Jacqueline Ebob; Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2020, 8(3), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ekong Mercy Okon, Tarh Jacqueline Ebob, Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma. Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2020;8(3):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12,
  author = {Ekong Mercy Okon and Tarh Jacqueline Ebob and Iroegbu Christian Ukwuoma},
  title = {Evaluation of German Cockroach, Blattella germanica from Different Niches for Bacterial Contamination},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {8},
  number = {3},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20200803.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20200803.12},
  abstract = {Cohabitating nature of cockroach with humans is on the increase in most rural and underdeveloped areas of Cross River State including Calabar South. It is therefore important to screen the bacterial carriage of this pest because of shared ecological niche. Sticky trap method was used to capture the pest and properly identify by an Entomologist Dr Ogban, Cross River University of Technology, Calabar. They were killed using chloroform. Pour plating culturing technique was used for bacterial isolation, isolates were characterized and identified using standard bacteriological methods. The research result reveals eleven (11) bacterial species (Bacillus, Klebsiella, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, Proteus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella and Enterococcus). E. coli Klebsiella and Bacillus were the most frequently isolated organisms from the external surface of latrines and living house cockroaches. Klebsiella, E. coli and Enterococcus species were predominant in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of cockroaches from same ecological niche except that in living houses, the presence of Enterococcus species were insignificance compare to other isolates. There was a significant difference at P = .05 in isolates from cockroaches captured from latrines area to those from living houses. The degree of contamination based on sum total of each isolate from External and GIT parts of cockroaches from both experimental niche was; E. coli > Klebsiella > S. aureus > Bacillus > Shigella > P. aeruginosa = Samonella = Enterococcus > Streptococcus > S. epidermidis > Proteus. This study encourages the use of some natural and home friendly cockroach eradication techniques that pose no harm to home dwellers and it environ. This include timely removal of bushes around the living environ, frequent sealing of cracks around the kitchens, and bathrooms to reduce potential hidings areas. Getting rids of all foods remains on kitchen tables, floor etc. Application of boil mint leaves at different corners of the house. These will naturally scare the presence of this pest from human habitation and serve as a better strategy to minimize cockroach-associated infections.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download