Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by several species in the genus Brucella. Reproductive losses are the most common syndrome in animals, while people may suffer from a debilitating nonspecific illness or localized involvement of various organs. Each species of Brucella tends to be associated with a specific animal host, but other species can be infected, especially when they are kept in close contact. Sheep and goats are the usual hosts for Brucella melitensis, and B. ovis primarily infects sheep. However, this organism is also reported to be common in camels and cattle in some regions with extensive small ruminant populations. B. melitensis is the most dangerous to humans. Small ruminants often acquire B. melitensis by coming into contact with organisms in vaginal discharges and birth products (placenta, fetus, and fetal fluids). Most animals are thought to become infected by ingestion and through the oronasal and conjunctival mucosa, but this organism can also be transmitted venereally and through broken skin. The genus Brucella is a non-spore-forming, facultative intracellular, non-encapsulating, gram-negative coccobacillus. Humans usually become infected by ingesting organisms or via contaminated mucous membranes (including the conjunctiva and respiratory tract) and abraded skin, consumption of unpasteurized milk and by-products, and improper handling of disposable materials. The predominant clinical signs in sheep and goats are abortions (most often during the last trimester), stillbirths, and the birth of weak offspring. Brucella ovis, which mostly affects rams and causes epididymitis and orchitis, appears to be non-pathogenic for humans. Brucellosis hinders the live animal trade and animal products internationally. Laboratorial examinations of brucellosis can be done by serological, cultural, or molecular methods. An accurate diagnosis, the culling of diseased animals and ongoing observation of herds that are brucellosis-free are necessary for the control of the disease in animals. The purpose of the review was to provide information on sheep and goat brucellosis in Ethiopia, diagnostic methods, and the importance of public health, control, and prevention concerns.
| Published in | Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13 |
| Page(s) | 131-147 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Brucellosis, Brucella Melitensis, Brucella Ovis, Humans, Small Ruminants, Zoonosis
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APA Style
Teferi Benti Moti. (2022). Review of the Diagnostic Method, the Importance of Public Health, and Current Status of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(5), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13
ACS Style
Teferi Benti Moti. Review of the Diagnostic Method, the Importance of Public Health, and Current Status of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2022, 10(5), 131-147. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13,
author = {Teferi Benti Moti},
title = {Review of the Diagnostic Method, the Importance of Public Health, and Current Status of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia},
journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {131-147},
doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20221005.13},
abstract = {Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by several species in the genus Brucella. Reproductive losses are the most common syndrome in animals, while people may suffer from a debilitating nonspecific illness or localized involvement of various organs. Each species of Brucella tends to be associated with a specific animal host, but other species can be infected, especially when they are kept in close contact. Sheep and goats are the usual hosts for Brucella melitensis, and B. ovis primarily infects sheep. However, this organism is also reported to be common in camels and cattle in some regions with extensive small ruminant populations. B. melitensis is the most dangerous to humans. Small ruminants often acquire B. melitensis by coming into contact with organisms in vaginal discharges and birth products (placenta, fetus, and fetal fluids). Most animals are thought to become infected by ingestion and through the oronasal and conjunctival mucosa, but this organism can also be transmitted venereally and through broken skin. The genus Brucella is a non-spore-forming, facultative intracellular, non-encapsulating, gram-negative coccobacillus. Humans usually become infected by ingesting organisms or via contaminated mucous membranes (including the conjunctiva and respiratory tract) and abraded skin, consumption of unpasteurized milk and by-products, and improper handling of disposable materials. The predominant clinical signs in sheep and goats are abortions (most often during the last trimester), stillbirths, and the birth of weak offspring. Brucella ovis, which mostly affects rams and causes epididymitis and orchitis, appears to be non-pathogenic for humans. Brucellosis hinders the live animal trade and animal products internationally. Laboratorial examinations of brucellosis can be done by serological, cultural, or molecular methods. An accurate diagnosis, the culling of diseased animals and ongoing observation of herds that are brucellosis-free are necessary for the control of the disease in animals. The purpose of the review was to provide information on sheep and goat brucellosis in Ethiopia, diagnostic methods, and the importance of public health, control, and prevention concerns.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Review of the Diagnostic Method, the Importance of Public Health, and Current Status of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants in Ethiopia AU - Teferi Benti Moti Y1 - 2022/10/17 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13 DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13 T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences SP - 131 EP - 147 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5850 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221005.13 AB - Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by several species in the genus Brucella. Reproductive losses are the most common syndrome in animals, while people may suffer from a debilitating nonspecific illness or localized involvement of various organs. Each species of Brucella tends to be associated with a specific animal host, but other species can be infected, especially when they are kept in close contact. Sheep and goats are the usual hosts for Brucella melitensis, and B. ovis primarily infects sheep. However, this organism is also reported to be common in camels and cattle in some regions with extensive small ruminant populations. B. melitensis is the most dangerous to humans. Small ruminants often acquire B. melitensis by coming into contact with organisms in vaginal discharges and birth products (placenta, fetus, and fetal fluids). Most animals are thought to become infected by ingestion and through the oronasal and conjunctival mucosa, but this organism can also be transmitted venereally and through broken skin. The genus Brucella is a non-spore-forming, facultative intracellular, non-encapsulating, gram-negative coccobacillus. Humans usually become infected by ingesting organisms or via contaminated mucous membranes (including the conjunctiva and respiratory tract) and abraded skin, consumption of unpasteurized milk and by-products, and improper handling of disposable materials. The predominant clinical signs in sheep and goats are abortions (most often during the last trimester), stillbirths, and the birth of weak offspring. Brucella ovis, which mostly affects rams and causes epididymitis and orchitis, appears to be non-pathogenic for humans. Brucellosis hinders the live animal trade and animal products internationally. Laboratorial examinations of brucellosis can be done by serological, cultural, or molecular methods. An accurate diagnosis, the culling of diseased animals and ongoing observation of herds that are brucellosis-free are necessary for the control of the disease in animals. The purpose of the review was to provide information on sheep and goat brucellosis in Ethiopia, diagnostic methods, and the importance of public health, control, and prevention concerns. VL - 10 IS - 5 ER -
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