Brucellosis is a zoonotic illness that affects both domestic and wild animals and is carried by members of the genus Brucella. Camels have been diagnosed with Brucellosis in almost every camel-raising country in Africa and Asia. Although camels are not the principal hosts for Brucella organism, they are susceptible. Humans get infected with the disease by direct or indirect contact with diseased animals or their products. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Era camel export farm from November to December 2016 to determine the prevalence rate of camel brucellosis and associated risk factors. To screen for Brucella antibodies, the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used, and the complement fixation test (CFT) was used to confirm positive reactor samples. The Chi-square method was used to evaluate the data. A total of 1850 sera samples were taken from Dromedary camels for a serological analysis. It's likely that the Rose Bengal test will create cross reactivity, a confirmatory test must be performed. In the camel export farm, the total seroprevalence rate was 1.4 percent, with 1.73 percent (n=32) being screened by the Rose Bengal plate test and 1.4 percent (n=26) being verified by the complement fixation test. Age has a significant impact on the seroprevalence rate of camel brucellosis. Camels older than 4 years had a seroprevalence rate of 1.6 percent (22/1400) whereas camels less than 4 years had a rate of 0.9 percent (4/450). There are a statistically significant difference in age groups (p < 0.05). According to this study, brucellosis in camels could be a serious and widespread disease. As a result, newly purchased camels were inspected and confined until they were healthy, positive reactor animals were culled, and public health awareness was enhanced.
| Published in | Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14 |
| Page(s) | 68-72 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Brucellosis, Camel, CFT, Export Farm, RBPT, Seroprevalence, Zoonotic
| [1] | OIE (2018). Manuals of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccine for Tesrrestrial Animals. Office International des Epizooties (OIE). Paris, (France). |
| [2] | Gwida, M., El-Gohary, A., Melzer, F., Khan, I., Rösler, U. and Neubauer, H. (2012): Brucellosis in Camels. Res. Vet. Sci., 92: 351-355. |
| [3] | Faye, B. (2015): Role, distribution and perspective of camel breeding in the third Millennium economies. Emir. J. Food Agriculture 27 (4): 318–327. |
| [4] | Khalaf S (1999). Camel racing in the Gulf. Intl Rev Anthr Ling. 1999: 94: 85–106. |
| [5] | Zewde, W. W. (2017): Review on Epidemiology of Camel and Human Brucellosis in East Africa, Igad Member Countries. Sci. J. Clin. Med. 6, 109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]. |
| [6] | Behnke, R. (2010). The contribution of livestock to the economies of IGAD member states: Study findings, application of the methodology in Ethiopia and recommendations for further work. IGAD Livestock Policy Initiative Working Paper No. 02–10. |
| [7] | Mohammed, O., Megersa, B. and Abebe, R. (2011): Seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels in and around Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10: 1177-1183. |
| [8] | Tadele Mirkena, Elias Walelign, Nega Tewolde, Getachew Gari, Getachew Abebe and Scott Newma (2018): Camel production systems in Ethiopia: a review of literature with notes on MERS CoV risk factors Pastoralism: Research, Policy and Practice: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-018-0135-3 |
| [9] | Zewold, S. W. and Haileselassie, M. (2012): Seroprevalence of brucella infection in camel and its public health significance in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science., 1 (2): 91-98. |
| [10] | Hadush A, Pal M (2013). Brucellosis - An infectious re-emerging bacterial zoonosis of global importance. Int. J. Livest. Res. 3: 28-34. |
| [11] | Habtamu T. T., Richard B., Dana H., Kassaw A. T.(2015): Camel Brucellosis: Its Public Health and Economic Impact in Pastoralists, Mehoni District, Southeastern Tigray, Ethiopia, Journal of Microbiology Research, Vol. 5 No. 5 pp. 149-156. |
| [12] | Kebede, (2016): Study on Camel and Human Brucellosis in Fentale District, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare: Vol. 6, No. 15 ISSN 2224-3208 (Paper) ISSN 2225-093X (Online). |
| [13] | Fikru Gizaw, Gizachew Fentahun, Semu Mersha, Hailegebriel Bedada, Mahendra Pal, and Venkataramana Kandi (2017): Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Brucellosis among Camels Belonging to Selected Districts of Afar, Ethiopia: Need for Public Awareness.” American Journal of Microbiological Research, vol. 5, no. 94-100. Doi: 10.12691/ajmr-5-5-1. |
| [14] | Admasu P, Kaynata G (2017): Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Yabello District of Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia. J Vet Med Res 4 (10): 1. |
| [15] | Hamdy, M. E. and Amin, A. S. Detection of Brucella in the milk of infected cattle, sheep, goats and camels by PCR. Vet. J. 16: 299-305. |
| [16] | Seifert SH (1996): Tropical Animal Health, 2nd Ed. Dordrecht: Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 358-362. |
| [17] | Musa, M. T., Eisa, M. Z., El-Sanousi, E. M., Abdel-Wahab, M. B. and Perrett, L. (2008). Brucellosis in camels (Camelusdromedarius) in Darfur, Western Sudan. J. Comp. Pathol. 138: 151-155. |
| [18] | Zinsstag, J., Schelling, E., Solera, J., Blasco, J. M. and Moriyon, I. (2011). Brucellosis: Oxford Textbook of Zoonoses. |
| [19] | Wernery, U., 2014. Camelid brucellosis: a review. Rev sci tech, 33 (3), pp. 839-57. |
| [20] | Radostits M, Blood C, Gay C. Veterinary medicine (2007): a textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horse. 10th ed. London: Bailliere Tindall. |
| [21] | Central Statistical Agency (2007). Human and animal population census in Afar region. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. |
| [22] | Wilson, RT (1998). Camels. Macmillan Education Ltd. London, P. 134. |
| [23] | OIE, (2009): Bovine Brucellosis. Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals. Office International des Epizooties, Paris, pp: 1-35. |
| [24] | Staak C, Salchow F, Denzin N.(2000): Practical Serology: From the Basic to the Testing. Urban and Vogel, Munich, Germany. |
| [25] | Tizard, I. R., (2009). Veterinary immunology: An introduction. 8th ed. Mo: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, pp: 87-88. |
| [26] | Teshome H, Molla B, Tibbo M. (2003): A seroprevalence study of camel brucellosis in three camel-rearing regions of Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 35: 381-389. |
| [27] | Megersa, B., Biffa, D., Niguse, F., Rufael, T., Asmare, K., Skjerve, E., (2011). Cattle brucellosis in traditional livestock husbandry practice in Southern and Eastern Ethiopia, and its zoonotic implication. Acta Vet. Sc and. 53, 24. |
| [28] | Robayo, Y. and Esubalew, S. (2017): Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis in Camels Kept Under Pastoral Management in Fafan Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. International Journal of Livestock Research., 7 (3): 49-56. |
| [29] | Sisay W/Z, Mekonnen H. (2012): Seroprevalence of Brucellosis infection in camel and its public health significance in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia. J. Environ. Occupat. Sci. 1: 91-95. |
| [30] | Zewolda SW, Wereta MH (2012): Seroprevalence of Brucella infection in camel and its public health significance in selected districts of Afar region, Ethiopia. J. Environ. Occupat. Sci. 1: 91-98. |
| [31] | Zeru, F., Gebrezgabher, W., Dessalegn, K., Tilahun, S., Guben, Y., Mohammed, H. and Hadush A. (2016): Prevalence and Risk Factor of Brucellosis in Dromedaries in Selected Pastoral Districts of Afar, Northeastern Ethiopia. J Natu Sci Res. 6: 2224-3186. |
| [32] | Walker, R. L. (1999). Brucella. In: Dwight C. Hirsh and Yuang Chung Zee (ED.): Veterinary Microbiology. USA: Blackwell Science Inc. Pp. 196-203. |
| [33] | Megersa B, Molla B, Yigezu L. (2005): Seroprevalence of brucellosis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Borena lowland, southern Ethiopia. Bull. Anim. Health Prod. Afr. 53: 252-257. |
| [34] | Dawood, H. A. (2008): Brucellosis in Camels (Camelus dromedaries) in the south province of Jordan. Am. J. Agric. Biol. Sci. 3, 623–626. |
| [35] | Balcha, T. and Fentie, T., 2011. Seroprevalence of camel brucellosis in Pastoral areas of Afar, Somali and Oromia Regions, Ethiopia. Bull. Anim. Heal. Prod. Africa, 59, pp. 441-448. |
| [36] | Taddesse, G., 2016. Brucellosis seropositivity in animals and humans in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 10 (10), 1–30. |
| [37] | Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey B, Carter GR (2004). Clinical Veterinary Microbiology, (Eds.). Mosby, Edinburgh, pp. 168-172; 261-267. |
| [38] | CDC (2007). Brucellosis: Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). available at http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmb/disease/info/brucellosis |
| [39] | Alhamada A. G., Habib I., Barnes A. and Robertson, I. (2017): Risk factors associated with brucella seropositivity in sheep and goats in Duhok province, Iraq. Vet. Sci., 4: 65. |
| [40] | Rollefson, K. (2000). The came and human society. In: Selected Yopics on Camelids. Ed., Ghalot, T. K. Camelid Publishers, Bikaner, India, pp: 1–17. |
APA Style
Teferi Benti Moti. (2022). Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Export Farm, Ethiopia. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(3), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14
ACS Style
Teferi Benti Moti. Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Export Farm, Ethiopia. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2022, 10(3), 68-72. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14,
author = {Teferi Benti Moti},
title = {Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Export Farm, Ethiopia},
journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {68-72},
doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20221003.14},
abstract = {Brucellosis is a zoonotic illness that affects both domestic and wild animals and is carried by members of the genus Brucella. Camels have been diagnosed with Brucellosis in almost every camel-raising country in Africa and Asia. Although camels are not the principal hosts for Brucella organism, they are susceptible. Humans get infected with the disease by direct or indirect contact with diseased animals or their products. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Era camel export farm from November to December 2016 to determine the prevalence rate of camel brucellosis and associated risk factors. To screen for Brucella antibodies, the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used, and the complement fixation test (CFT) was used to confirm positive reactor samples. The Chi-square method was used to evaluate the data. A total of 1850 sera samples were taken from Dromedary camels for a serological analysis. It's likely that the Rose Bengal test will create cross reactivity, a confirmatory test must be performed. In the camel export farm, the total seroprevalence rate was 1.4 percent, with 1.73 percent (n=32) being screened by the Rose Bengal plate test and 1.4 percent (n=26) being verified by the complement fixation test. Age has a significant impact on the seroprevalence rate of camel brucellosis. Camels older than 4 years had a seroprevalence rate of 1.6 percent (22/1400) whereas camels less than 4 years had a rate of 0.9 percent (4/450). There are a statistically significant difference in age groups (p < 0.05). According to this study, brucellosis in camels could be a serious and widespread disease. As a result, newly purchased camels were inspected and confined until they were healthy, positive reactor animals were culled, and public health awareness was enhanced.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Seroprevalence of Camel Brucellosis in Export Farm, Ethiopia AU - Teferi Benti Moti Y1 - 2022/06/08 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14 DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14 T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences SP - 68 EP - 72 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5850 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221003.14 AB - Brucellosis is a zoonotic illness that affects both domestic and wild animals and is carried by members of the genus Brucella. Camels have been diagnosed with Brucellosis in almost every camel-raising country in Africa and Asia. Although camels are not the principal hosts for Brucella organism, they are susceptible. Humans get infected with the disease by direct or indirect contact with diseased animals or their products. A cross-sectional study was undertaken in Era camel export farm from November to December 2016 to determine the prevalence rate of camel brucellosis and associated risk factors. To screen for Brucella antibodies, the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used, and the complement fixation test (CFT) was used to confirm positive reactor samples. The Chi-square method was used to evaluate the data. A total of 1850 sera samples were taken from Dromedary camels for a serological analysis. It's likely that the Rose Bengal test will create cross reactivity, a confirmatory test must be performed. In the camel export farm, the total seroprevalence rate was 1.4 percent, with 1.73 percent (n=32) being screened by the Rose Bengal plate test and 1.4 percent (n=26) being verified by the complement fixation test. Age has a significant impact on the seroprevalence rate of camel brucellosis. Camels older than 4 years had a seroprevalence rate of 1.6 percent (22/1400) whereas camels less than 4 years had a rate of 0.9 percent (4/450). There are a statistically significant difference in age groups (p < 0.05). According to this study, brucellosis in camels could be a serious and widespread disease. As a result, newly purchased camels were inspected and confined until they were healthy, positive reactor animals were culled, and public health awareness was enhanced. VL - 10 IS - 3 ER -
Information
Email: