| Peer-Reviewed

Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab

Received: 4 September 2021     Accepted: 17 September 2021     Published: 21 October 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14
Page(s) 145-148
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Prevalence, Toxoplasma Gondii, Goat, Age, Sex, Breed, Latex Agglutination Test (LAT), Faisalabad

References
[1] Alexander J and WH Stinson, (1988). Sex hormones and the course of parasitic infection. Parasitology Today, 4: 189-193.
[2] Arko-Mensah J, KM Bosompem, EA Canacoo, JM Wastling and BD Akanmori, (2000). The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in pigs in Ghana. Acta Tropica, 76: 27-31.
[3] Barakat AMA, MM AbdElaziz and M Fadaly, (2009). Comparative diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in Egyptian small ruminants by indirect hemagglutination assay and elisa. Global Veterinaria, 3: 9-14.
[4] Berger-Schoch AE, D Bernet, MG Doherr, B Gottstein and CF Frey, (2011). Toxoplasma gondii in Switzerland: A serosurvey based on meat juice analysis of slaughtered pigs, wild boar, sheep and cattle. Zoonoses and Public Health, doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378. 2011.01395.
[5] Bisson A, S Maley, CM Rubaire-Akiiki, JM Watling, (2000). The seroprevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in domestic goats in Uganda. Acta Tropica, 76: 33-38.
[6] Clementino MM, MF Souza, and VF Andrade Neto, (2007). Seroprevalence and Toxoplasma gondii-IgG avidity in sheep from Lajes, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 146: 199- 203.
[7] Da Silva JAP, (1999). Sex hormones and glucocorticoids: Interactions with the immune system. Annals of the New York Acadmy of Science, 876: 102-118.
[8] Dubey JP and DS Adams, (1990). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in dairy goats from 1982 to 1984. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 196: 295-301.
[9] Ghazaei C, (2006). Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. African Journal of Health Sciences, 13: 131-134.
[10] Hill DE, S Chirukandoth and JP Dubey, (2005). Biology and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in man and animals. Animal Health Research Reviews, 6: 41-61.
[11] Hove T, P Lind and S Mukaratirwa, (2005). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep in Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 72: 267-72.
[12] Ivana L, DD Olgica, KK Sofija, N Aleksandra, (2006). Cross sectional survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle, sheep and pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and risk factors. Veterinary Parasitology, 135: 121-131.
[13] Jittapalapong S, A Sangvaranond, N Pinyopanuwat, W Chimnoi, W Khachaeram, S Koizumi and S Maruyama, (2005). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic goats in Satun Province, Thailand. Veterinary Parasitology, 127: 17-22.
[14] Lashari MH and Z Tasawar, (2010). Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 30: 91-94.
[15] Neto JOA, SS Azevedo, SM Gennari, MR Funada, HFJ Pena, ARCP Araujo, CSA Batista, MLCR Silva, AAB Gomes, RM Piatti and CJ Alves, (2008). Prevalence and risk factors for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in goats of the Serido Oriental micro region, Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeast region of Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 156: 329-332.
[16] Olivier A, B Herbert, B Sava, C Pierre, DC John, DK Aline, (2007). Surveillance and monitoring of Toxoplasma in humans, food and animals: a scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards. The European Food Safety Association Journal, 583: 1-64.
[17] Radostits OM, DC Blood and CC Gay, (1994). A textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses. 8th ed. W. B. Saunders, London, UK.
[18] Ramzan M, M Akhtar, F Muhammad, I Hussain, E Hiszczynska-Sawicka, AU Haq, MS Mahmood and MA Hafeez, (2009). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 41: 1225-1229.
[19] Roberts CW, W Walker and J Alexander, (2001). Sex-Associated Hormones and Immunity to Protozoan Parasites. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14: 476-488.
[20] Sanad MM and AJ Al-Ghabban, (2007). Serological survey on toxoplasmosis among slaughtered sheep and goats in Tabouk, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 37: 329-340.
[21] Sharif M, Sh Gholami, H Ziaei, A Daryani, B Laktarashi, SP Ziapour, A Rafiei and M Vahedi, (2006). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered for food in Manzandaran Province, Iran. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 5: 188-190.
[22] Spisak F, L Turcekova, K Reiterova, S Spilovska and P Dubinsky, (2010). Prevalence estimation and genotypization of Toxoplasma gondii in goats. Biologica 65: 670-674.
[23] Teshale S, A Dumetre, ML Darde, B Merga, and P Dorchies, (2007). Serological survey of caprine toxoplasmosis in Ethiopia: prevalence and risk factors. Parasitology, 14: 155-159.
[24] Tsubota N, K Hiraoka, Y Sawada, T Watanabe, S Ohshima, (1977). Studies on latex agglutination test for toxoplasmosis. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 26: 286- 290.
[25] Van der Puije WNA, KM Bosompem, EA Canacoo, JM Wastling and BD Akanmori, (2000). The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in Ghanaian sheep and goats. Acta Ttropica, 76: 21-26.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Adnan Yousaf, Rida Tabbasum, Tayyba Awais, Asfa Sakhawat, Sakandar Khan, et al. (2021). Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 9(5), 145-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Adnan Yousaf; Rida Tabbasum; Tayyba Awais; Asfa Sakhawat; Sakandar Khan, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2021, 9(5), 145-148. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Adnan Yousaf, Rida Tabbasum, Tayyba Awais, Asfa Sakhawat, Sakandar Khan, et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab. Anim Vet Sci. 2021;9(5):145-148. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14,
      author = {Adnan Yousaf and Rida Tabbasum and Tayyba Awais and Asfa Sakhawat and Sakandar Khan and Abdul Latif Bhutto and Rabia Khalil and Adeela Sharif and Mamoona Arshad and Sindhu Baloch and Rehana Shahnawaz and Faiza Habib and Samia Shaheen and Allah Bachaya and Muhammad Ramzan and Khalil-ur-Rahamn and Ghurniq Zahra},
      title = {Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {5},
      pages = {145-148},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20210905.14},
      abstract = {Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii in Domestic Breeds of Goats in Faisalabad, Punjab
    AU  - Adnan Yousaf
    AU  - Rida Tabbasum
    AU  - Tayyba Awais
    AU  - Asfa Sakhawat
    AU  - Sakandar Khan
    AU  - Abdul Latif Bhutto
    AU  - Rabia Khalil
    AU  - Adeela Sharif
    AU  - Mamoona Arshad
    AU  - Sindhu Baloch
    AU  - Rehana Shahnawaz
    AU  - Faiza Habib
    AU  - Samia Shaheen
    AU  - Allah Bachaya
    AU  - Muhammad Ramzan
    AU  - Khalil-ur-Rahamn
    AU  - Ghurniq Zahra
    Y1  - 2021/10/21
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    SP  - 145
    EP  - 148
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210905.14
    AB  - Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The goal of this study was to look into Toxoplasma (T.) gondii prevalence in goats. Toxoplasmosis was examined in n= 380 goats of both sexes, male n=80 and female n=300, aged 1-6 years, from Faisalabad district, Punjab province. A total of n = 202 goats out of n = 380 were seropositive, resulting in a 53.15% overall prevalence. The latex agglutination test was used to look for T. gondii antibodies in the obtained sera. This test was evaluated in animals as a toxoplasmosis screening serologic test. T. gondii was found to be more common in female goats 60% than in male goats 27.5% with statistical significance P<0.05. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was highest 58.46% in Teddy goats and lowest 45.83% in Beetal goats, with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the association between different goat breeds and T. gondii. Toxoplasmosis had the highest prevalence 70.42% in the 5-6 years age group and the lowest prevalence 37.27% in the 1-2 years age group, indicating statistical significance (P<0.05). The parasite had the highest prevalence 65.60% in the body weight group of 51-60 kg and the lowest prevalence 32.25% in the body weight group of 20-30 kg with statistical significance (P<0.05) in the body weight group. The differences were considered statistically significant at P≤0.05.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Faculty of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Hyderabad, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Hyderabad, Pakistan

  • SB Laboratory, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  • SB Laboratory, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Hyderabad, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Hyderabad, Pakistan

  • Diseases Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Diseases Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Diseases Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Diseases Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Diseases Investigation Laboratory, Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Faculty of Animals Science, University of Veterinary and Animals Science, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Sections