To potentiate the immune responses of the Newcastle Disease vaccine, many adjuvants such as, Saponin, Paraffin oil, sunflower oil, Nigella Sativa oil, and Chitosan Nanoparticles “CHNPs”, were prepared with live and inactivated I-2 vaccines. The formulated vaccines were tested for their biological and physical characteristics, including sterility, safety, Immunogenicity protective efficacy, protein estimation for CHNPs, and the completion of the emulsification. The protein concentrations of pre and post encapsulation for CHNPs were 0.23g/100 ml and 0.065g/100 ml respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 71.7%. To test the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy, a 180 white leghorn day-old-chicks divided randomly in to 9 groups of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, a 20 chicks for each. Group A (Saponin + Iinactivated I-2), group B (Paraffin oil + Iinactivated I-2), group C (CH-NPs+ Inactivated I-2), group D (Saponin + Live + Inactivated), group E (Nigella Sativa oil+Live I-2), group F (Sunflower oil + Live I-2), group G (Saponin+Live I-2) each groups from A to G simultaneously and inrtaocularly (I/O) inoculated with 107 EID50 I-2 live vaccine. Group H (control group I) received only (Saponin+Inactivated), group I (control group II) received the placebo (Normal Saline) control group, in this group only 5 chicks out of 20 inoculated I/O with 106 EID50 of live I-2, and the remaining chicks were left unvaccinated. There was no evidence for bacterial growth for the tested and control groups, nor post vaccination reactions neither ND clinical signs observed (except for Nigella Sativa oil). Immunogenicity was estimated using ELISA test. The highest Abs mean titer was for group E While the lowest Abs mean titer was for group C. Mean values were analyzed using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Mean Differences were considered to be statistically significant at P<.05. The nine comparisons were associated with statistically insignificant effect (P > .05). Groups A, B, C, D, and H challenged via mixing with clinically ill chickens for 14 days. The highest protection level was 90% for group D, while the lowest protection 50% was for group B (Paraffin oil+ Inactivated).
| Published in | Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13 |
| Page(s) | 56-64 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Adjuvant, Saponin, Mineral Oils, Vegetable Oils, Chitosan Nanoparticles, Newcastle Disease Vaccine, Immune Response, ELISA Test
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APA Style
Abdelmhmoud Atalmanan Abdelsadig, Sobhi Ahmed Mohammed Khair, Abdelgadir Ballal Mohamed, Tageldin Abdulla Mohamed Nour. (2021). Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study on Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using Many Adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 9(3), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13
ACS Style
Abdelmhmoud Atalmanan Abdelsadig; Sobhi Ahmed Mohammed Khair; Abdelgadir Ballal Mohamed; Tageldin Abdulla Mohamed Nour. Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study on Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using Many Adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2021, 9(3), 56-64. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13
AMA Style
Abdelmhmoud Atalmanan Abdelsadig, Sobhi Ahmed Mohammed Khair, Abdelgadir Ballal Mohamed, Tageldin Abdulla Mohamed Nour. Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study on Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using Many Adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles. Anim Vet Sci. 2021;9(3):56-64. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13
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author = {Abdelmhmoud Atalmanan Abdelsadig and Sobhi Ahmed Mohammed Khair and Abdelgadir Ballal Mohamed and Tageldin Abdulla Mohamed Nour},
title = {Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study on Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using Many Adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles},
journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {56-64},
doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20210903.13},
abstract = {To potentiate the immune responses of the Newcastle Disease vaccine, many adjuvants such as, Saponin, Paraffin oil, sunflower oil, Nigella Sativa oil, and Chitosan Nanoparticles “CHNPs”, were prepared with live and inactivated I-2 vaccines. The formulated vaccines were tested for their biological and physical characteristics, including sterility, safety, Immunogenicity protective efficacy, protein estimation for CHNPs, and the completion of the emulsification. The protein concentrations of pre and post encapsulation for CHNPs were 0.23g/100 ml and 0.065g/100 ml respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 71.7%. To test the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy, a 180 white leghorn day-old-chicks divided randomly in to 9 groups of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, a 20 chicks for each. Group A (Saponin + Iinactivated I-2), group B (Paraffin oil + Iinactivated I-2), group C (CH-NPs+ Inactivated I-2), group D (Saponin + Live + Inactivated), group E (Nigella Sativa oil+Live I-2), group F (Sunflower oil + Live I-2), group G (Saponin+Live I-2) each groups from A to G simultaneously and inrtaocularly (I/O) inoculated with 107 EID50 I-2 live vaccine. Group H (control group I) received only (Saponin+Inactivated), group I (control group II) received the placebo (Normal Saline) control group, in this group only 5 chicks out of 20 inoculated I/O with 106 EID50 of live I-2, and the remaining chicks were left unvaccinated. There was no evidence for bacterial growth for the tested and control groups, nor post vaccination reactions neither ND clinical signs observed (except for Nigella Sativa oil). Immunogenicity was estimated using ELISA test. The highest Abs mean titer was for group E While the lowest Abs mean titer was for group C. Mean values were analyzed using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Mean Differences were considered to be statistically significant at PP > .05). Groups A, B, C, D, and H challenged via mixing with clinically ill chickens for 14 days. The highest protection level was 90% for group D, while the lowest protection 50% was for group B (Paraffin oil+ Inactivated).},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Immunogenicity and Efficacy Study on Newcastle Disease Vaccine Using Many Adjuvants and Chitosan Nanoparticles AU - Abdelmhmoud Atalmanan Abdelsadig AU - Sobhi Ahmed Mohammed Khair AU - Abdelgadir Ballal Mohamed AU - Tageldin Abdulla Mohamed Nour Y1 - 2021/06/07 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13 DO - 10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13 T2 - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JF - Animal and Veterinary Sciences JO - Animal and Veterinary Sciences SP - 56 EP - 64 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5850 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210903.13 AB - To potentiate the immune responses of the Newcastle Disease vaccine, many adjuvants such as, Saponin, Paraffin oil, sunflower oil, Nigella Sativa oil, and Chitosan Nanoparticles “CHNPs”, were prepared with live and inactivated I-2 vaccines. The formulated vaccines were tested for their biological and physical characteristics, including sterility, safety, Immunogenicity protective efficacy, protein estimation for CHNPs, and the completion of the emulsification. The protein concentrations of pre and post encapsulation for CHNPs were 0.23g/100 ml and 0.065g/100 ml respectively. The encapsulation efficiency was 71.7%. To test the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy, a 180 white leghorn day-old-chicks divided randomly in to 9 groups of A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, a 20 chicks for each. Group A (Saponin + Iinactivated I-2), group B (Paraffin oil + Iinactivated I-2), group C (CH-NPs+ Inactivated I-2), group D (Saponin + Live + Inactivated), group E (Nigella Sativa oil+Live I-2), group F (Sunflower oil + Live I-2), group G (Saponin+Live I-2) each groups from A to G simultaneously and inrtaocularly (I/O) inoculated with 107 EID50 I-2 live vaccine. Group H (control group I) received only (Saponin+Inactivated), group I (control group II) received the placebo (Normal Saline) control group, in this group only 5 chicks out of 20 inoculated I/O with 106 EID50 of live I-2, and the remaining chicks were left unvaccinated. There was no evidence for bacterial growth for the tested and control groups, nor post vaccination reactions neither ND clinical signs observed (except for Nigella Sativa oil). Immunogenicity was estimated using ELISA test. The highest Abs mean titer was for group E While the lowest Abs mean titer was for group C. Mean values were analyzed using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA). Mean Differences were considered to be statistically significant at PP > .05). Groups A, B, C, D, and H challenged via mixing with clinically ill chickens for 14 days. The highest protection level was 90% for group D, while the lowest protection 50% was for group B (Paraffin oil+ Inactivated). VL - 9 IS - 3 ER -
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