Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) Peel in Rabbit Feed

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi; Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih; Winifred Anthony

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi, Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih, Winifred Anthony

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 4 September 2017 Accepted: 8 October 2017 Published: 17 January 2018

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Abstract

Feeding accounts for about 70% of the total cost of non-ruminant animal production in Nigeria. A ninety-one day feeding trial was conducted using thirty (30), 6-7 week old mixed breed weaner rabbits at the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria from October 10, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The objective was to determine the potential of filtrate from rumen content mixed with water, to improve the nutritive value of Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel by fermentation in rabbit production. The filtrate was obtained from the rumen content of cattle and drinking water mixed in equal ratio of 1:1. The filtrate was added to 5kg each of freshly collected sweet orange peel in ratio 1:5 (T1), 2:5 (T2), 3:5 (T3), 4:5 (T4) and 5:5 (T5). Each was mixed thoroughly, put in polythene bags and sealed on top, left under shade of tree to ferment for 24hrs, and thereafter sun-dried. Each of these was milled and used to replace maize in a practical rabbit diet (D) at 30% level. Five rabbits each, individually housed in a rabbit hutch and each serving as a replicate were randomly assigned to and fed diets D, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The experimental diets had significant effect (p<0.05) on the final live body weight and daily body weight gain with rabbits in treatment T5 having superior weights of 1928.00 g and 15.85 g, respectively. The diets had no significant effect (p>0.05) on percent live weight of liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen and, on the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient. Of the carcass yield indicators; dressing weight, fore limb, hind limb and loin, the experimental diets significantly affected (p<0.05) only the loin, with the rabbits in T5 having a comparatively higher weight. The result obtained showed that, rumen filtrate obtained from a mixture of the rumen content of cattle and water at ratio 1:1, when mixed with sweet orange peel atratio 5:5 can be used to ferment sweet orange peel to improve its nutritive value for maize replacement at 30% in rabbit feed.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
Page(s)	1-5
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rumen, Filtrate, Fermentation, Orange Peel, Rabbit

References

[1]	Hon, F. M., Oluremi, O. I. A. and Anugwa, F. O. I. (2009). Effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit pulp meal on the growth performance of Rabbits. Pakistan journal of Nutrition 8:1150-1155.
[2]	Oluremi, O. I. A., Okafor, F. N., Adenkola A. Y. andOrayaga, K. T. (2010). Effect of ensiling Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its Phytonutrients and the performance of broiler starter. International Journal of Poultry Science 9(6):546-549.
[3]	Ojabo, L. D., Adenkola, A. Y. and Odaudu, G. I. (2012). The effect of dried sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel meal on the growth performance and haematology of rabbits. Veterinary Research 5(2):26-30.
[4]	Oluremi, O. I. A., Igyu, A. D. and Abu, F. T (2005). Response of growing rabbits to dietary replacement of maize with sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) rind. Production Agriculture and Technology 1(1):130-136.
[5]	Ahemen, T. and Zahradden, D. (2010). Species contribution as source of meat and their foetal wastage in Taraba State, Nigeria. Scholar Research Library, Archives of Applied Science Research 2(5):85-91.
[6]	Aneibo, A. O., Wekhe, S. N and Okoli, I. C (2009). Abattoir blood waste generation on Rivers State and its environmental implications in the Niger Delta. International Journal of Toxicology and Chemistry 91(4):619-625.
[7]	AOAC (2000). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 17^th revised edition. Washington D. C. Pp. 210-240.
[8]	Pauzenga, U. (1985). Feeding parent stock. Zootechnical International. Pp. 22-24.
[9]	MINITAB (1991). Minitab Statistical Software. Rehearse 8.21 Minitab Inc. State College. P. A.
[10]	Fatoba, J. (2006). Proximate composition of sweet orange peel. Unpublished M. Sc. data. Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria.
[11]	Oluremi, O. I. A., Mou, P. M. and Adenkola, A. Y. (2008). Effect of fermentation of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel on its maize replacement value in Broiler diet. LRRD Vol. 20 Article 20. http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/20/2/olur20020.htm.

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APA Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi, Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih, Winifred Anthony. (2018). Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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ACS Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi; Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih; Winifred Anthony. Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2018, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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AMA Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi, Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih, Winifred Anthony. Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Anim Vet Sci. 2018;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11,
  author = {Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi and Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih and Winifred Anthony},
  title = {Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20180601.11},
  abstract = {Feeding accounts for about 70% of the total cost of non-ruminant animal production in Nigeria. A ninety-one day feeding trial was conducted using thirty (30), 6-7 week old mixed breed weaner rabbits at the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria from October 10, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The objective was to determine the potential of filtrate from rumen content mixed with water, to improve the nutritive value of Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel by fermentation in rabbit production. The filtrate was obtained from the rumen content of cattle and drinking water mixed in equal ratio of 1:1. The filtrate was added to 5kg each of freshly collected sweet orange peel in ratio 1:5 (T1), 2:5 (T2), 3:5 (T3), 4:5 (T4) and 5:5 (T5). Each was mixed thoroughly, put in polythene bags and sealed on top, left under shade of tree to ferment for 24hrs, and thereafter sun-dried. Each of these was milled and used to replace maize in a practical rabbit diet (D) at 30% level. Five rabbits each, individually housed in a rabbit hutch and each serving as a replicate were randomly assigned to and fed diets D, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The experimental diets had significant effect (p0.05) on percent live weight of liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen and, on the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient. Of the carcass yield indicators; dressing weight, fore limb, hind limb and loin, the experimental diets significantly affected (p<0.05) only the loin, with the rabbits in T5 having a comparatively higher weight. The result obtained showed that, rumen filtrate obtained from a mixture of the rumen content of cattle and water at ratio 1:1, when mixed with sweet orange peel atratio 5:5 can be used to ferment sweet orange peel to improve its nutritive value for maize replacement at 30% in rabbit feed.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed
AU  - Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi
AU  - Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih
AU  - Winifred Anthony
Y1  - 2018/01/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
AB  - Feeding accounts for about 70% of the total cost of non-ruminant animal production in Nigeria. A ninety-one day feeding trial was conducted using thirty (30), 6-7 week old mixed breed weaner rabbits at the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria from October 10, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The objective was to determine the potential of filtrate from rumen content mixed with water, to improve the nutritive value of Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel by fermentation in rabbit production. The filtrate was obtained from the rumen content of cattle and drinking water mixed in equal ratio of 1:1. The filtrate was added to 5kg each of freshly collected sweet orange peel in ratio 1:5 (T1), 2:5 (T2), 3:5 (T3), 4:5 (T4) and 5:5 (T5). Each was mixed thoroughly, put in polythene bags and sealed on top, left under shade of tree to ferment for 24hrs, and thereafter sun-dried. Each of these was milled and used to replace maize in a practical rabbit diet (D) at 30% level. Five rabbits each, individually housed in a rabbit hutch and each serving as a replicate were randomly assigned to and fed diets D, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The experimental diets had significant effect (p0.05) on percent live weight of liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen and, on the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient. Of the carcass yield indicators; dressing weight, fore limb, hind limb and loin, the experimental diets significantly affected (p<0.05) only the loin, with the rabbits in T5 having a comparatively higher weight. The result obtained showed that, rumen filtrate obtained from a mixture of the rumen content of cattle and water at ratio 1:1, when mixed with sweet orange peel atratio 5:5 can be used to ferment sweet orange peel to improve its nutritive value for maize replacement at 30% in rabbit feed.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi

Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih

Department of Animal Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
Winifred Anthony

Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

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APA Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi, Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih, Winifred Anthony. (2018). Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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ACS Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi; Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih; Winifred Anthony. Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2018, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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AMA Style

Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi, Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih, Winifred Anthony. Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed. Anim Vet Sci. 2018;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11,
  author = {Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi and Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih and Winifred Anthony},
  title = {Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-5},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20180601.11},
  abstract = {Feeding accounts for about 70% of the total cost of non-ruminant animal production in Nigeria. A ninety-one day feeding trial was conducted using thirty (30), 6-7 week old mixed breed weaner rabbits at the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria from October 10, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The objective was to determine the potential of filtrate from rumen content mixed with water, to improve the nutritive value of Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel by fermentation in rabbit production. The filtrate was obtained from the rumen content of cattle and drinking water mixed in equal ratio of 1:1. The filtrate was added to 5kg each of freshly collected sweet orange peel in ratio 1:5 (T1), 2:5 (T2), 3:5 (T3), 4:5 (T4) and 5:5 (T5). Each was mixed thoroughly, put in polythene bags and sealed on top, left under shade of tree to ferment for 24hrs, and thereafter sun-dried. Each of these was milled and used to replace maize in a practical rabbit diet (D) at 30% level. Five rabbits each, individually housed in a rabbit hutch and each serving as a replicate were randomly assigned to and fed diets D, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The experimental diets had significant effect (p0.05) on percent live weight of liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen and, on the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient. Of the carcass yield indicators; dressing weight, fore limb, hind limb and loin, the experimental diets significantly affected (p<0.05) only the loin, with the rabbits in T5 having a comparatively higher weight. The result obtained showed that, rumen filtrate obtained from a mixture of the rumen content of cattle and water at ratio 1:1, when mixed with sweet orange peel atratio 5:5 can be used to ferment sweet orange peel to improve its nutritive value for maize replacement at 30% in rabbit feed.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of Rumen Filtrate for Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Peel in Rabbit Feed
AU  - Oluwabiyi Ikeolu Atanda Oluremi
AU  - Ejeh Emmanuel Ajih
AU  - Winifred Anthony
Y1  - 2018/01/17
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20180601.11
AB  - Feeding accounts for about 70% of the total cost of non-ruminant animal production in Nigeria. A ninety-one day feeding trial was conducted using thirty (30), 6-7 week old mixed breed weaner rabbits at the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria from October 10, 2015 to January 9, 2016. The objective was to determine the potential of filtrate from rumen content mixed with water, to improve the nutritive value of Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peel by fermentation in rabbit production. The filtrate was obtained from the rumen content of cattle and drinking water mixed in equal ratio of 1:1. The filtrate was added to 5kg each of freshly collected sweet orange peel in ratio 1:5 (T1), 2:5 (T2), 3:5 (T3), 4:5 (T4) and 5:5 (T5). Each was mixed thoroughly, put in polythene bags and sealed on top, left under shade of tree to ferment for 24hrs, and thereafter sun-dried. Each of these was milled and used to replace maize in a practical rabbit diet (D) at 30% level. Five rabbits each, individually housed in a rabbit hutch and each serving as a replicate were randomly assigned to and fed diets D, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. The experimental diets had significant effect (p0.05) on percent live weight of liver, kidney, lung, heart and spleen and, on the coefficient of digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient. Of the carcass yield indicators; dressing weight, fore limb, hind limb and loin, the experimental diets significantly affected (p<0.05) only the loin, with the rabbits in T5 having a comparatively higher weight. The result obtained showed that, rumen filtrate obtained from a mixture of the rumen content of cattle and water at ratio 1:1, when mixed with sweet orange peel atratio 5:5 can be used to ferment sweet orange peel to improve its nutritive value for maize replacement at 30% in rabbit feed.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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