Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats

Saghir Ahmad; Zahida Tasawar

doi:doi:10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats

Saghir Ahmad, Zahida Tasawar

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)

Received: 16 May 2015 Accepted: 1 June 2015 Published: 14 July 2015

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Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.

Published in	Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 3, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
Page(s)	120-124
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Toxoplasmosis, Small Ruminants, Habitat Variations

References

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APA Style

Saghir Ahmad, Zahida Tasawar. (2015). Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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Saghir Ahmad; Zahida Tasawar. Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2015, 3(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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AMA Style

Saghir Ahmad, Zahida Tasawar. Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Anim Vet Sci. 2015;3(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15,
  author = {Saghir Ahmad and Zahida Tasawar},
  title = {Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20150304.15},
  abstract = {Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats
AU  - Saghir Ahmad
AU  - Zahida Tasawar
Y1  - 2015/07/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
AB  - Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Saghir Ahmad

Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Zahida Tasawar

Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

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APA Style

Saghir Ahmad, Zahida Tasawar. (2015). Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 3(4), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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ACS Style

Saghir Ahmad; Zahida Tasawar. Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2015, 3(4), 120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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AMA Style

Saghir Ahmad, Zahida Tasawar. Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats. Anim Vet Sci. 2015;3(4):120-124. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15

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@article{10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15,
  author = {Saghir Ahmad and Zahida Tasawar},
  title = {Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats},
  journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
  volume = {3},
  number = {4},
  pages = {120-124},
  doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20150304.15},
  abstract = {Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Toxoplasmosis in Small Ruminants from Varied Habitats
AU  - Saghir Ahmad
AU  - Zahida Tasawar
Y1  - 2015/07/14
PY  - 2015
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
SP  - 120
EP  - 124
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5850
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20150304.15
AB  - Background: Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease found all over the world in all the mammalian and avian species. We conceived the hypothesis that the infection might be affected by the various factor differing in various habitats. The present study was conducted to evaluate our hypothesis by investigating the rates if infections different flocks of small ruminants populated in various localities with varied ecological conditions in southernmost part of Punjab, Pakistan. Materials and Method: The blood samples collected from mixed farms of sheep and goats were examined by Latex Agglutination Test to detect rates of seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. Statistical analyses were applied to ascertain the correlation between habitat variations and rates of toxoplasmosis in three distinct regions of study area including sand dunes of Cholistan desert, Agricultural Region and Marshy areas. Results: The total infection rates collectively found in small ruminants were 31.41%. The incidence rates of Toxoplasma infection in small ruminants were 38.1%, 32.1% and 14.5% in animals reared in Agricultural Region, Riverside region and Sand Dunes region of Cholistan correspondingly. Conclusions: The results showed the varied rates of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants in various habitats in the study area. Furthermore, the overall higher occurrence of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants underlined the threat of zoonotic transmission of infection to human.
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
ER  -

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