Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School

Mayra Margarito Gaspar; Silvia Quezada Camberos

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School

Mayra Margarito Gaspar, Silvia Quezada Camberos

Published in Advances in Sciences and Humanities (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 13 November 2018 Accepted: 29 November 2018 Published: 21 January 2019

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This research observes the construction of gender roles throughout the action of basic education school, taking as a guiding axis how textbooks depict the feminine and masculine figures. The Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos (CONALITEG - National Commission of Free Textbooks) distributes the official textbooks for basic education to all public or private Mexican schools. This government agency is also responsible for designing and editing books and printed materials to complement the programs and educational reforms to be implemented. The volumes intended for primary school students constitute the object of this research, since they have become the main teaching tool. The corpus consists of editions from 1960 to 2009; these books correspond to three educational reforms. The use of texts of different periods allowed to establish a comparison between the men’s and women’s functions in fifty years. The theoretical-methodological approach of this paper is based on the Barthes’ iconographic proposal. This author explains the social nature of speech figures, analyzing the denoted and connoted messages of visual texts. Following this perspective, images of different decades were reviewed to observe the dialogue they establish and through which two gender figures are constructed: the female motherhood and the male productiveness.

Published in	Advances in Sciences and Humanities (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
Page(s)	1-9
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Gender Roles, Textbooks, Image, Identity, Discourse

References

[1]	Giddens, A. (2001). Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Cambridge: Polity Press.
[2]	Barriga, R. (1999). “Cuatro décadas de enseñanza del español en México” ("Four decades of teaching Spanish in Mexico"). Español actual: Revista de español vivo, 71: 83-100.
[3]	Meza, A. (2012). “Los Libros de texto” (“Textbooks”). In P. Latapí, Un siglo de educación en México. Vol. II., 46-58. México: CONACULTA / FCE.
[4]	Corona, S. (2015). La asignatura ciudadana en las cuatro grandes reformas del LTG en México (1959-2010) [The civic subject in the four major reforms of the LTG in Mexico (1959-2010)]. México: Siglo XXI Editores.
[5]	Flores Andrade, A. (2017). “La reforma educativa de México y su Nuevo Modelo Educativo” (The educational reform of Mexico and its New Educational Model). Revista Legislativa de Estudios Sociales y de Opinión Pública, 10 (19): 97-129.
[6]	Gutiérrez, N. (2012). Mitos nacionalistas e identidades étnicas: los intelectuales indígenas en el Estado mexicano (Nationalist myths and ethnic identities: indigenous intellectuals in the Mexican state). México: CONACULTA / Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales de la UNAM / Plaza y Valdés.
[7]	Burke, P. (2014). Eyewitnessing. The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence. London: Reaktion Books.
[8]	Sartori, G. (2018). Homo videns. La sociedad teledirigida (Homo Videns: The teledirected society). Barcenola: Debolsillo: 84.
[9]	Gombrich, E. H. (2018). The image and the eye: further studies in the psychology of pictorial representation. London: Phaidon Press Limited.
[10]	Barthes R. (2000). Image, Music, Text. London: Fontana Press: 17.
[11]	Goffman, E. (2005). Interaction Ritual: Essays in Face to Face Behavior. New Brunswick / London: Aldine Transaction.
[12]	Corona, S. (2006). “La fotografía indígena en los rituales de la interacción social” (The indigenous photography in the rituals of social interaction). Comunicación y Sociedad, 006: 91-104.
[13]	Barthes, R. (2010). A Lover's Discourse: Fragments. New York: Hill & Wang
[14]	Cruder, G. (2013). La educación de la mirada. Sobre los sentidos de la imagen en los libros de texto (The education of the look. About the images’ meanings in textbooks). Buenos Aires: Stella / La Crujía.
[15]	Lindig Cisneros, E. (2016). “Violencias culturales. La figura de la mujer mexicana en El laberinto de la soledad”(Cultural violences. The figure of the Mexican woman in The Labyrinth of Solitude). In A. Villegas Contreras, N. Talavera Baby, R. Monroy Áivarez, Figuras del discurso, exclusión, filosofía y política, 181-194. México: Bonilla Artigas Editores / Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos.
[16]	Ramos, S. (2013). El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México (Profile of Man and Culture in Mexico). México: Espasa – Calpe.
[17]	Paz, O. (2015). El Laberinto De La Soledad. Postdata, Vuelta a “El laberinto de la soledad” (The Labyrinth of Solitude, Postdata, Return to “The Labyrinth of Solitude”). México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
[18]	Bartra, R. (2015). La jaula de la melancolía: Identidad y metamorfosis del mexicano (The cage of melancholy: Identity and metamorphosis in the Mexican character). México: Debolsillo.
[19]	Fernández, M. (2015). “El macho y el machismo” (“The male and macho”). En E. Florescano, Mitos mexicanos, 231-238. México: Taurus: 237 and 234-235
[20]	Ortega Villa et al. (2016). “Rasgos socioculturales de los jóvenes en México: bienestar, cultura y política” (“Socio-cultural characteristics of young people in Mexico: well-being, culture, and politics”), Estudios sociales, 24-25 (47). http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0188-45572016000100282
[21]	Ibargüengoitia, J. (2015). Instrucciones para vivir en México (Instructions to live in Mexico). México: Joaquín Mortiz: 285-286.
[22]	Lamas, M. (2015). “Madrecita Santa?” ("Holy Mommy?"). In E. Florescano, Mitos mexicanos, 223-229. México: Taurus: 225.
[23]	Pacheco, C. (2015). “Las secretarias” ("The secretaries"). In E. Florescano, Mitos mexicanos, 387-391. México: Taurus: 388.
[24]	Mier y Terán, M. & Pederzini, C. (2018). “Cambio sociodemográfico y desigualdades educativas” (“Sociodemographic change and educational inequalities”). In Alberto Arnaut & Silvia Giorguli, Los grandes problemas de México. Vol. VII, 623-657. México: El Colegio de México.
[25]	Latapí, P. (2015). “Planteamientos educativos en valores y derechos humanos” (Educational approaches about values and human rights), In Felipe Martínez Rizo, Pablo Latapí Sarre en la UAA, 59-64. Aguascalientes: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes
[26]	Alcubierre Moya, B. (2016). “La infantilización del niño” (The infantilization of the child). In A. Villegas Contreras, N. Talavera Baby, R. Monroy Áivarez, Figuras del discurso, exclusión, filosofía y política, 317-342. México: Bonilla Artigas Editores / Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar, Silvia Quezada Camberos. (2019). Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Advances in Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar; Silvia Quezada Camberos. Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Adv. Sci. Humanit. 2019, 5(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar, Silvia Quezada Camberos. Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Adv Sci Humanit. 2019;5(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11,
  author = {Mayra Margarito Gaspar and Silvia Quezada Camberos},
  title = {Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School},
  journal = {Advances in Sciences and Humanities},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ash.20190501.11},
  abstract = {This research observes the construction of gender roles throughout the action of basic education school, taking as a guiding axis how textbooks depict the feminine and masculine figures. The Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos (CONALITEG - National Commission of Free Textbooks) distributes the official textbooks for basic education to all public or private Mexican schools. This government agency is also responsible for designing and editing books and printed materials to complement the programs and educational reforms to be implemented. The volumes intended for primary school students constitute the object of this research, since they have become the main teaching tool. The corpus consists of editions from 1960 to 2009; these books correspond to three educational reforms. The use of texts of different periods allowed to establish a comparison between the men’s and women’s functions in fifty years. The theoretical-methodological approach of this paper is based on the Barthes’ iconographic proposal. This author explains the social nature of speech figures, analyzing the denoted and connoted messages of visual texts. Following this perspective, images of different decades were reviewed to observe the dialogue they establish and through which two gender figures are constructed: the female motherhood and the male productiveness.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School
AU  - Mayra Margarito Gaspar
AU  - Silvia Quezada Camberos
Y1  - 2019/01/21
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
T2  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JF  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JO  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
AB  - This research observes the construction of gender roles throughout the action of basic education school, taking as a guiding axis how textbooks depict the feminine and masculine figures. The Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos (CONALITEG - National Commission of Free Textbooks) distributes the official textbooks for basic education to all public or private Mexican schools. This government agency is also responsible for designing and editing books and printed materials to complement the programs and educational reforms to be implemented. The volumes intended for primary school students constitute the object of this research, since they have become the main teaching tool. The corpus consists of editions from 1960 to 2009; these books correspond to three educational reforms. The use of texts of different periods allowed to establish a comparison between the men’s and women’s functions in fifty years. The theoretical-methodological approach of this paper is based on the Barthes’ iconographic proposal. This author explains the social nature of speech figures, analyzing the denoted and connoted messages of visual texts. Following this perspective, images of different decades were reviewed to observe the dialogue they establish and through which two gender figures are constructed: the female motherhood and the male productiveness.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Mayra Margarito Gaspar

Department of Letters, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, México
Silvia Quezada Camberos

Department of Letters, Guadalajara University, Guadalajara, México

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar, Silvia Quezada Camberos. (2019). Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Advances in Sciences and Humanities, 5(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar; Silvia Quezada Camberos. Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Adv. Sci. Humanit. 2019, 5(1), 1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Mayra Margarito Gaspar, Silvia Quezada Camberos. Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School. Adv Sci Humanit. 2019;5(1):1-9. doi: 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11,
  author = {Mayra Margarito Gaspar and Silvia Quezada Camberos},
  title = {Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School},
  journal = {Advances in Sciences and Humanities},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-9},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ash.20190501.11},
  abstract = {This research observes the construction of gender roles throughout the action of basic education school, taking as a guiding axis how textbooks depict the feminine and masculine figures. The Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos (CONALITEG - National Commission of Free Textbooks) distributes the official textbooks for basic education to all public or private Mexican schools. This government agency is also responsible for designing and editing books and printed materials to complement the programs and educational reforms to be implemented. The volumes intended for primary school students constitute the object of this research, since they have become the main teaching tool. The corpus consists of editions from 1960 to 2009; these books correspond to three educational reforms. The use of texts of different periods allowed to establish a comparison between the men’s and women’s functions in fifty years. The theoretical-methodological approach of this paper is based on the Barthes’ iconographic proposal. This author explains the social nature of speech figures, analyzing the denoted and connoted messages of visual texts. Following this perspective, images of different decades were reviewed to observe the dialogue they establish and through which two gender figures are constructed: the female motherhood and the male productiveness.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fifty Years of Traditional Gender Roles on Mexican Textbooks for Elementary School
AU  - Mayra Margarito Gaspar
AU  - Silvia Quezada Camberos
Y1  - 2019/01/21
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
T2  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JF  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
JO  - Advances in Sciences and Humanities
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-0984
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ash.20190501.11
AB  - This research observes the construction of gender roles throughout the action of basic education school, taking as a guiding axis how textbooks depict the feminine and masculine figures. The Comisión Nacional de Libros de Texto Gratuitos (CONALITEG - National Commission of Free Textbooks) distributes the official textbooks for basic education to all public or private Mexican schools. This government agency is also responsible for designing and editing books and printed materials to complement the programs and educational reforms to be implemented. The volumes intended for primary school students constitute the object of this research, since they have become the main teaching tool. The corpus consists of editions from 1960 to 2009; these books correspond to three educational reforms. The use of texts of different periods allowed to establish a comparison between the men’s and women’s functions in fifty years. The theoretical-methodological approach of this paper is based on the Barthes’ iconographic proposal. This author explains the social nature of speech figures, analyzing the denoted and connoted messages of visual texts. Following this perspective, images of different decades were reviewed to observe the dialogue they establish and through which two gender figures are constructed: the female motherhood and the male productiveness.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download